高中英語必修四-unit2課文詳解book4-unit2

1、必修四Unit 2 Working the Land 耕耘I. Vocabularystatistic n.（pl. statisitcs）統(tǒng)計統(tǒng)計數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計資料sunburnt adj.曬黑的struggle vt. & vil斗爭；拼搏；努力decade n.十年；十年期super adj.特級的；超級的hybrid adj.混合的；雜種的output n.產(chǎn)量；輸出strain n.（植物的）品種;種類hunger n.饑餓； 欲望disturbing adj.引起煩惱的；令人不安的expand vt. & vi.使變大；伸展circulate vt. & vi.

2、循環(huán);流傳Vietnamn.越南Thanks to幸虧；由于；因為Soybean n 大豆 skim vt.瀏覽；略讀battle n.戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗；較量；斗 爭rid-of擺脫;除去be satisfied with 對感到滿意 would rather寧愿；寧可 thereforeadv.因止匕;所以；因而equip vt. & vi.配備；裝備 sorghum n.高粱 grain n.谷物；糧食；顆粒 peanut n.花生export vt. & vi.輸出；出 口 nationality n.國籍occupation n.工作； 職業(yè)； 占領(lǐng) personality

3、n.性格;個性；人格 confuse vt.使迷惑；使為難 chemical adj.化學(xué)的；關(guān)于化學(xué) 的underline vt.劃地線標(biāo)出；強(qiáng)調(diào) summary n.總結(jié)；摘要；概要organic adj.有機(jī)的；器官的；組 織的fertileadj.肥沃的；富饒的production n.生產(chǎn)；制造 bacteria n.（pl. becterium）細(xì)菌 pest n.害蟲；害獸；害鳥 build up逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開發(fā) lead to導(dǎo)致；造成（后果） nutritionn.營養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)；食物mineral n.礦物； 礦石 discovery n.發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺 focus n.焦點；

4、中心點vt.集中；聚焦reduce vt.減少；減縮 keep free from of 使“免受（影響、 傷害）；使不含（有害物質(zhì)）comment n.評論； 議論 vi。& vt。II. Reading A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE有人的開拓者Although he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. 盡管袁隆平是一位中國最著名的科學(xué)家，但他

5、卻認(rèn)為 自己是一位農(nóng)民，因為為了研究他要耕耘。【注釋：for引導(dǎo)的分句通常對前一個分句所說的話加以解釋，提供判斷的理由，但這個理由并非是真正的內(nèi)在的原因。 如：The day breaks, for the birds are singing.天亮了， 因為鳥在歌唱。 試題： It's dark now,the street lights are on. A. because B. as C. since D. for Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body a re just like those of

6、 millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 的確，他那黑黝黝的臉龐和 胳膊以及他那瘦小而強(qiáng)壯的身軀正像千千萬萬個中國農(nóng)民一樣，就是為他們，他已經(jīng)奮斗了五十年?！咀⑨專篵e like象：以一的典型方式eg. It's not like you to take offense.你不象會發(fā)脾氣的人. struggle for為而斗爭；struggle to do sth.艱難地做某事，才!扎做某事；struggle against與作斗爭；struggle with和作斗

7、爭；struggle to on e's knees 掙扎著跪下； struggle to one s feet 掙扎著站起來； struggle through the snowstorm 冒著暴風(fēng)雪前進(jìn)；struggle on 掙扎著； 堅持下去； eg. 1） He struggled for the national independence.他為 民族的獨立而奮斗。2） A strong man will struggle with/against the storm of fate.強(qiáng)者樂于搏擊命運的暴風(fēng)雨。3） He has been struggling against

8、 illness for many years.他同疾病搏斗了許多年。4） She is struggling to bringup a family on a very low income.她靠著非常微薄的收入艱難地供養(yǎng)一家人?？碱}：（07 浙）The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle.A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heardDr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybri

9、drice.袁隆平博士種植所謂的超級雜交水稻。注釋：what is called = so-called 所謂的。In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow.rice.ihat -hasahi.gh.年他成為世界首位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先驅(qū)?！咀⑨專簍o grow rice作定語，修飾限制前面的名詞 pioneer。動詞不定式作定語判斷依據(jù)：（1）動詞不定式與前面的名詞在邏輯上有動賓關(guān) 系，如：I have a lot of homework to do.句中的to do與homework的邏輯關(guān)系

10、為動賓關(guān)系；（2）動詞不定式與前面的名詞有修飾限制關(guān)系，如：I have no time to rest.句中在to rest與名詞time之間沒有動賓關(guān)系，但卻有修飾限制關(guān)系。（3）動詞不定式修飾序數(shù)詞或修飾由序數(shù)詞修飾的名詞，如： He was the first student to come here this morning. 考題：1. （09 重-29） With the world changing fast, we have something new with all by ourselves every day.A. deal B. dealtC. to dealD. d

11、ealing2. （09 魯-22） We are invited to a party in our club next Friday.A. to be held B. heldC. being held D. holding3. （09 皖-28） The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A. produced B. being producedC. to be produced D. having been produced4. （06 皖-35） Mr. Green stood up in defence

12、 of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one.A. blamed B. blamingC. to blame D. to be blamed5. （08 申-33） If there s a lot of work, I m happy to just keep on until it is finished.A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing6. （96 申-19） When I handed the report to John, he said that George was

13、the person.A. to send B. for sending itC. to send it to D. for sending it to This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.這種特殊品系的水稻使得在相同田里的產(chǎn)量增加三分之一成為可能。Now more than 60% of therice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain. 現(xiàn)在中國每

14、年生產(chǎn) 60%以上的水稻就是來 自這種雜交水稻?！咀⑨專簆roduced in China each year是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾限制名詞rice,且與rice的邏輯關(guān)系為被動關(guān)系?？碱}：1. （09 全 I-35） Now that we ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisionsA. take B. taking C taken D. to take2. （09 京-24） For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit on his own far

15、m.A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow3. （09 申-33） With the government s aid, those by the earthquake have moved to the newsettlements.A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected Born into a poor farmer 's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College

16、 in 1953.袁博士于1930年出生于一個貧窮的農(nóng)民家庭，1953年畢業(yè)于西南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)。Since then,finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.從見B以后, 想方設(shè)法使使水稻高產(chǎn)成為他畢生的 目標(biāo)?！咀⑨專篺inding ways to grow more rice是動名詞短語作主語， 謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)式形式?？碱}：動名詞作主語：在下列句型中常用動名詞作主語。It is/ was no use/good/ need + doing sth.It is/ was of little use/ good/ need

17、 + doing sth.It is/ was useless + doing sth.1. （92-40） is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. Walking C. To walkD. Walk2. （97 申-13）What do you think made Mary so upsether new bicycle.A. As she lost B. LostC. Losing D. Because of losing3. （95 申-23） Once your business becomes

18、international,constantly will be part of your life.A. you fly B. your flight C. flightD. flying4. （08 京-35） It is worth considering what makes convenience" foods so popular, andbetter ones of your own.A. introduces B. to introduceC. introducing D. introduced 1As a young man, he saw the great ne

19、ed for increasing the rice output.作為一個年輕人,他知道 急需 要增加水稻產(chǎn)量。At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.當(dāng)時，鄉(xiāng)下許多地方饑餓成為一個煩惱的問題。Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvestswithout expanding the area of the fields.袁博士尋找一種不用擴(kuò)大種植面積就能增加水稻產(chǎn)量的方法。【注釋：search for 搜查，搜索，尋找

20、，探究；search +# 所 for + 搜查目標(biāo)eg. 1) We 're searching our consciencefor the right solution to the problem.我們在深刻反省以求探究該問題的正確解決辦法。2) The PLA aresearching the mountains for the enemy.解放軍正在山上搜索敵人。In 1950, Chinese farmers couldproduce only fifty million tons of 年，中國農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)的只有五千萬噸水稻。In a recent harvest,howev

21、er, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. 然而，在最近的一次收獲中幾乎達(dá)到 兩億噸。 These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world s people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China.這種增產(chǎn)就意味著 22%的世界人口要靠中國 7%的耕地喂養(yǎng)。 Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less dev

22、eloped countries to increase their rice harvests.袁博士現(xiàn)在將他的知識傳播到印度、越南及許多其他欠發(fā)達(dá)國家以增加他們的水稻產(chǎn) 量?！咀⑨專篶irculate (1)散布，傳播：在人們或地區(qū)之間廣泛傳播；散布eg. Gossip tends to circulate quickly.流言傳播迅速.(2)循環(huán)：進(jìn)入或沿環(huán)路流動eg. blood circulating through the body.血液在身體內(nèi)循環(huán)】Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid

23、 the world of hunger. 幸虧他的研 究，在根除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中，聯(lián)合國有了更多的手段。 【注釋：thanks to; on account of; because of: owing to (后多跟褒義概念)；due to (后多跟貶義概念)由于；因為 eg. 1) Thanks to your timely help, I managed to finish the work on time.多虧了你及時幫助，我按時完成了工作。2) The accident was due to his carelessdriving.事故是由于他的粗心駕駛造成的。3) Owing to

24、 your timely help, we finished the work ahead of time.4) As a result of the bad weather, the football match was put off. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.禾U用他的雜交水稻,農(nóng)民們現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是以前的兩倍?！咀⑨專簍wice as large as before是以前的兩倍。倍數(shù)表達(dá)：A + 倍數(shù) /分?jǐn)?shù) / 百分?jǐn)?shù) +as 碳容詞 / 副詞原級 + a

25、s + B. eg. This house is twice as large as that one. A + 倍數(shù)/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù) + 比較級 + than + B.eg. This house is twice larger than that one.A + 倍數(shù)/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù) + the size/ length/ width/weight/ height of + B. eg. This house is twice the size of that one.Dr Yuan is quite satisled with his life.袁博士對他的生活很滿意?！咀⑨專篵e sati

26、sfied with； be happy with; be content(ed) with 對中蔭意； be satisfied /content to do 對做 感至壯蔭意；(much) to one s satisfaction 使某人滿意的是； satisfy one's needs 滿足某人需求 eg. 1) I was not satisfied with the result. 2) He was satisfied to win the match. 3) Much to my satisfaction, my boss agreed to my suggestion

27、. However, he doesn't care about being famous.然而，他對出名并不在意。注釋：care about 擔(dān)心 eg. I don't care about whether he will come or not.care for(1)喜歡 eg. I don't care for tea.我不喜歡喝茶。(2)照顧；照料；撫養(yǎng) eg. He's good at caring for sick animals.他精心照料生病的牲畜。 He feels it gives him less freedom todo his res

28、earch.他認(rèn)為那會讓他喪失彳故研究的自由。He would much rather keep time for hishobbies他寧愿把他的時間留給他的業(yè)余愛好上?！咀⑨專簑ould rather寧愿、寧可，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，所有人稱一律用-would rather。 would rather do 寧愿做would rather do than do 寧愿(而)不愿would rather than do 與其,倒不如 would rather + 從句過去時，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?虛擬)即 sb. did sth<、過去完成時，表示過去(虛擬)即 sb. had done sth

29、.L如：d rather you hadn t told him the news that day.would rather have done 本來想而未實現(xiàn)I would rather you didn 't.表示委婉拒絕別人的請求。 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 寧愿也不 考題：1） I would rather the football match last night with my friends. Otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now.A. not have

30、 watched B. not watchC. hadn't watchedD. haven't watched2） Would you rather there tomorrow No. I'd rather he there instead of me.A. to go; will go B. go; went C. go; will go D. going; shall go He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. 他喜歡聽小提琴音樂、 還喜歡打麻將、

31、游泳和讀書。 Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.把錢花在自己身上或過著舒適的生活，對他來說沒有什么意義。Indeed, he believesthat a person with too much money has more rather than fewe troubles. 的確，他認(rèn)為一個人有太 多的錢會有太多的麻煩?！咀⑨專簃ore rather than fewer相當(dāng)于too many,He therefore gives millions o

32、f yuan to equip others fortheir research in agriculture. 因此，他拿 出數(shù)百萬元用來裝備其他人以便他們進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)研究。Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.然而，只是夢想不用付出任何代價。Long agoDr Yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum .很久以前, 袁博士做了一個夢：夢見水稻長得和高粱一樣高,Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each

33、grain of rice was as hugeas a peanut.每一個稻穗跟玉米棒一樣大，每一粒稻谷跟花生一樣大。Dr Yuan awoke from hisdream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.袁博士從夢中醒來,希望培育出一種能夠養(yǎng)活更多人的水稻，【注釋：with the hope of 帶著的夢想eg. Tom left his hometownfor Wen Zhou with the hope of making his fortune. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: 多年以后,現(xiàn)在，袁博士又有了一個夢想:to export his rice so that it can be grown ar