建筑學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯

1、相品用。3沸阿樹人士修本 科生畢 業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯專業(yè)建筑學(xué)班級092班姓名XXX指導(dǎo)教師 XXX所在學(xué)院XXX附 件1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文學(xué)校建筑規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)漫談在校園內(nèi)的功能和各種需求亦趨向于多元化，在規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì)中必須要找出一種合適的方法來適應(yīng)、符合現(xiàn)在及未來的世界潮流需要。1、學(xué)校的功能和秩序?qū)W校特別是高等學(xué)校的功能相對來說是比較復(fù)雜的，在規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)中要充分考慮到學(xué)校中的功能分區(qū)和教學(xué)的秩序，才能做到有合理的設(shè)計(jì)和良好的規(guī)劃。教學(xué)區(qū)是校園的核心，是校園建設(shè)中的最關(guān)鍵的部分。學(xué)校中的一切其它功能均是圍繞 其進(jìn)行的。教學(xué)區(qū)的布局主要有組團(tuán)式與網(wǎng)絡(luò)式兩種主要設(shè)計(jì)方法。組團(tuán)式便于院系相對

2、獨(dú)立地組織教學(xué)活動與進(jìn)行管理，更能適應(yīng)建校周期較長而分期施工的現(xiàn)實(shí)?！霸郝洹笔鞘侵袊鴤鹘y(tǒng)的建筑布局形式，由建筑所圍成的庭院形成社交性的公共空間，也有利于學(xué)校中的交流。網(wǎng)絡(luò)式的發(fā)展規(guī)劃有利于不同的科系在今后的發(fā)展中專業(yè)更新與規(guī)模調(diào)整，并可靈活調(diào)節(jié)教學(xué)用房的使用性質(zhì)， 因此被現(xiàn)代的新型校園規(guī)劃布局所偏愛，它利于目前國內(nèi)的大學(xué)院校、院系合并和學(xué)科調(diào)整的教學(xué)改革大趨勢。學(xué)生宿舍生活區(qū)是大學(xué)校園內(nèi)又一個(gè)重要的組成部分，無論改革后學(xué)生生活區(qū)社會化管理落實(shí)的力度有多大，還是由于擴(kuò)招形式的“不是數(shù)著床板招生”的局面到何種程度， 在目前的實(shí)際情況下，新建的大學(xué)校園仍然需要規(guī)劃好學(xué)生生活區(qū)的建設(shè)。當(dāng)然要充分考慮到

3、如何便于社會化的管理，有利于形成獨(dú)立的管理系統(tǒng)，為以后的發(fā)展留有可能性。2、學(xué)校的交通組織高等學(xué)校交通組織中，首要的是要體現(xiàn)以人為本的思想。根據(jù)教師、學(xué)生的心理及行為方式研究各種道路組織、形態(tài)和層次，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)滿足校園使用者的物質(zhì)和精神上要求的校園 環(huán)境?，F(xiàn)代校園要求建筑物之間能聯(lián)絡(luò)方便、盡量通暢、便捷。為此，各類建筑物的設(shè)計(jì)，多 采用集中式的布局， 建筑群體也多以成團(tuán)的方式組合，盡量減少樓間的距離幾交通路線。各相品個(gè)相對獨(dú)立的區(qū)域之間， 也盡量打通分割界限， 室內(nèi)外都設(shè)有方便的連廊和通道，使建筑群體在整體上能聯(lián)絡(luò)通暢，達(dá)到提高和保證交通、交流、傳遞、溝通之最佳的效率。3、學(xué)校的環(huán)境和可持續(xù)發(fā)展

4、環(huán)境對于人心理的影響，以及反饋對人情緒的感染，都會產(chǎn)生物質(zhì)的效應(yīng)。 人在良好的環(huán)境中，在使人精神振奮的條件下，無疑會更多的誘發(fā)思想的靈感和智慧的火花，這對教學(xué)、科研的作用雖是無形的， 但肯定是有效的?，F(xiàn)代的校園的環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)，應(yīng)該立足于創(chuàng)造優(yōu)美高雅有文化的校園環(huán)境，以適應(yīng)人的精神需要，提高人的修養(yǎng)，陶冶人的情操。 如立體綠化、室外美術(shù)、雕塑、以及精心設(shè)計(jì)的疊石、草坪、流水、花叢、石燈及小建筑等，在這極 富高雅格調(diào)、傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代交融、給人以美之享受的校園中，師生智慧之火花怎能不奔放呢？在學(xué)校中除了正常的教學(xué)、科研工作外，大量的研討、廣泛的交流是十分必要的。各種研討和交流，可以是有計(jì)劃、有組織的，也可以

5、是無計(jì)劃、無組織的，但往往是后者對參與 者的作用是巨大的，而且更加有效。為此需要創(chuàng)造一個(gè)能適應(yīng)并滿足師生們靈活、自由的交流的空間。如在室內(nèi)外設(shè)置各種適合于師生停留、小憩、談話的場所、空間、角落，并放置 一些桌椅板凳；有條件的地方可以放置自動售貨機(jī)或小買部、咖啡屋。這種良好的交流機(jī)會，有利于各種信息、情報(bào)、知識相互的交流、傳遞、碰撞，到到智慧的升華。現(xiàn)代學(xué)校建筑要求個(gè)體建筑結(jié)構(gòu)體系和內(nèi)部空間的劃分，更加通用化、模數(shù)化，以適應(yīng)靈活、變化的要求。為適應(yīng)多功能的需要，教室、研究室、實(shí)驗(yàn)室的尺度均較大，可通用、 可互換，多采用柱網(wǎng)較大的框架結(jié)構(gòu)體系。教室的種類不多，但適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)，以保證其多用途、多功能的

6、各種教研環(huán)節(jié)的需要。在校園的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)中也要注意到對環(huán)境的保護(hù)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的問題。建立即能滿足當(dāng)代人的需要，而又不對將來的發(fā)展規(guī)律產(chǎn)生破壞的校園。首先要始終如一的保護(hù)環(huán)境、維持自然的生態(tài)平衡。校園中不但要有足夠的綠化面積，還要積極的促進(jìn)生態(tài)的良好發(fā)展，如校園的生物多樣性，水面的凈化、保持，以及推進(jìn)原有山地、濕地的自然發(fā)展。創(chuàng)造新的生態(tài)平 衡，人造自然環(huán)境，制造小氣候，充分利用陽關(guān)、風(fēng)、雨等自然資源；使人們能夠更好地享 受自然、回歸自然。4、校園建筑的單體設(shè)計(jì)校園建筑應(yīng)有校園建筑的特色和品格，探求適應(yīng)學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)生活，反映學(xué)生的心理與環(huán)境行為的嶄新的建筑形式，是建筑師、規(guī)劃師把握的關(guān)鍵。校園建筑的風(fēng)

7、格會給人以強(qiáng)烈的 第一印象，更是代代已畢業(yè)了的學(xué)子們的永久回憶。校園建筑雖然有比較多的類型，有其各自的特色風(fēng)格，但是也要注意加強(qiáng)建筑的群體效應(yīng)，和諧中求統(tǒng)一，統(tǒng)一中再求變化。在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)要注重校園建筑的整體性，使其達(dá)到和諧統(tǒng)一的良好效果。高校校園由多個(gè)部分組成，不大可能在一期內(nèi)，一氣呵成，由一次投資而建成。由于方 方面面的資金的制約，校園的建設(shè)往往周期很長，在規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)中要做好分期實(shí)施的準(zhǔn)備和余并且要避免在后期的地。同時(shí)還需考慮到其在建設(shè)周期內(nèi)的合理使用和多種變化的可能性,施工中對正常的教學(xué)、科研有過分大的干擾。學(xué)校建筑特別是高等學(xué)校建筑往往被列為重點(diǎn)工程，學(xué)校及地方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)對其中建筑有著很高的期望值，

8、最注重的就是“標(biāo)志性”。在校園建筑中占有主要地位的教學(xué)樓，卻由于其功能的限制很難能做到體現(xiàn)標(biāo)志性這一點(diǎn)。所以相對來說功能限制較小的圖書館和行政樓就要體現(xiàn)標(biāo)志性的要求。校園建筑整體特色形成該校園建筑獨(dú)特的標(biāo)志性，而標(biāo)志性建筑群體的形成最能突出校園建筑的風(fēng)貌。主樓則是其標(biāo)志性建筑群體的主導(dǎo)，占有重要的地位。（文章來源：中國知網(wǎng)）外文原文出處：相品用。3Ramble on architectural planning and designs of school buildingsIn the campus, functions and various demands tend to be diver

9、sified, we mustfind a way in the planning and designs of school buildings to adapt and meet theneeds of the present, the future and even the world.1、The functions and orders of a schoolThe school, especially high school's function is relatively complex. In orderto achieve a reasonable design and

10、 good planning, we should give full consideration to the zoning in the school and order of teaching.Teaching area is the core of the campus, which is the most important part of the campus construction. All other functions in the school are carried out around it. The layout of teaching areas is mainl

11、y formed with two kinds of design methods. One is the method of cluster and the other is the method of network type. The method of cluster facilitates the departments to organize the teaching activities and management independently, which can adapt to the reality of long period and stageconstruction

12、 in the school buildings. Courtyard" is the traditional Chinese architectural layout. The courtyard surrounded with the buildings forms socialpublic space, which is helpful for the communication of school.The planningdevelopment of the network is conducive to the future development of professio

13、nal updating and the adjustment of scale in different departments and it can be adjusted flexibly in the use e of the real teaching. So it is a new campus planning and layout of the modern preference.it is conducive to the current domestic university colleges, combined departments and subjects to ad

14、just the teaching reform trend.Dormitory area is an important part of the university campus. No matter how much the social reform efforts are carried out in the management of students living areas, or the situation that "it is not a matter of counting the bedplate enrollment" as enrollment

15、 form to what extent. In the current situation, the new university campus still need good planning and constructions of students living zone. Of course, we should consider how to facilitate the socialization of management, which is conducive to the formation of an independent management system, and

16、we should make it possible for future development.2、Traffic organization in the schoolIt is very important to embody the people-oriented ideology in the traffic organization in the higher school. According to the psychology and behavior of teachers and students, the architect should study various ro

17、ads organization, form and levels to create a campus environment which meets the requirements of the material and spiritual campus users.Modern campus requires the demands that it is easy to contact, smooth, and convenient between buildings. Therefore, the design of various buildings adopts centrali

18、zed layout. Construction group is agglomerate in order to minimize the distance between the floor and traffic routs.Each relatively independent region,tries to get through the segmentation boundaries. Indoor and outdoor are equipped with convenient corridor and channel, which make the building group

19、s contact easily, improve and guarantee the traffic, communication, transport communication in the best efficiency in general.3、The environmental and sustainable development in the schoolsInfluence of environment on human psychology, and feedback of the inflectionof emotional effect will produce a s

20、ubstance.People who are in a good environmentand in the spirit of encouraging mind will induce more thinking and inspiration and sparks of wisdom. Although it is invisible in the role of teaching and research, it is certainly effective.Environmental design of modern campus should be basedon the crea

21、tion of beautiful and elegant culture of the campus environment in order to meet the people's spiritual needs, to improve the training of people and foster noble spirits. Such as three-dimensional green, outdoor art, sculpture, and careful design of the stones, grass, water, flowers, stone lamp

22、and small buildings. In this extremely elegant style, blending traditional and modern, to enjoy the campus, how can the wisdom spark of teachers and students could not unrestrained.In the school, in addition to the normal teaching and scientific research, a相品用。3lot of discussion and extensive commun

23、ication is very necessary.All kinds ofdiscussion and communication can be planned and organized. And it can also be no plan and no organization. But the latter is more effective on theparticipants andthe effect is enormous. So we need to create a free and flexible communication that can adapt to and

24、 meet the teachers and students.Such as place various settings inthe interior and exterior which suitable for teachers and students to stay and rest, and set places for conversation of space and corner, and place tables and chairs.A vending machine or small shops and coffee house can be placed in th

25、e conditional place. Such a good opportunity of communication is beneficial to mutual exchange, transfer and collision of all kinds of information, intelligence and knowledge in order to the sublimation of the wisdom.The modern school building requires thatthe individual building structure system an

26、d internal space should be more universal, modular and flexible in order to adapt to the changing requirements.To meet theneeds of multi-function, the scale of classroom and laboratory should be large, and can be universal and interchangeable with large column frame structure system. The species are

27、 not so many, but they have the strong adaptability so as to ensure the needs of various teaching link of the multipurpose.In the planning and design of campus ,the protection of the environment andsustainable development issues should also be paid attention to.To establish thecampus that not only c

28、an meet the needs of contemporary people, but also have no harm to the future development of the campus. First of all, protect the environment and maintain the ecological balance of nature from beginning to end. The campus not only have adequate green space, but also promote the good development of

29、ecological actively. Such as it is important to keep campus biodiversity, keep the water clean, and promote the original mountain, wetland natural development.Make full use ofsunlight, wind, rain and other natural resources to create a new ecological balance and artificial natural environment so tha

30、t people can better enjoy the nature and return to nature.4、Single design of campus buildingCampus buildings should have the characteristics and quality of campus construction in order to adapt to school life and reflect the new architectural forms of psychological and environmental behavior of stud

31、ents. It is the key and graspof architects and planners. Campus architectural style can give a person with astrong first impression, it is a permanent memoryfrom generation to generation has相品 graduated students Although there are many types of campus building which have their own characteristic sty

32、les, strengthening the group effect of buildingsshould bepaid attention to in order to seek the unity harmony, and then seek changes in the unity. Integrity in the designs of the campus buildings should be paid attention to in order to achieve good results of harmony and unity.The campus is composed of multiple parts. It is unlikely to make smooth reading in a period and from an investment.Due to the restriction of all aspects of thecapital, the campus construction often is very long. It is important to m