2019高考英語昆明二輪練習(xí)資料：閱讀理解03含解析

1、2019高考英語昆明二輪練習(xí)資料：閱讀理解03含解析2018高考英語昆明市二輪復(fù)習(xí)資料：閱讀理解03含答案 (三)A(2017全國卷，A)Since 1984 ，Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. One by one，graffiticovered walls are being changed into outdoor art. So far，more than 1,800 murals (壁畫) have been painted. Philadelphia now has more murals than any other Ameri

2、can city. The walls that were once ugly with graffiti (涂鴉) are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP). Its work makes schools and public places attractive, and its citizens very proud. The program began as part of Philadelphias

3、 AntiGraffiti Network. Jane Golden is the MAPs artistic director. “When people ask me what our program is about, ”she says，“I answer them with one word: hope.” Each year, the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops. Some onetime graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals.The MAPs work, says Gol

4、den, is all about developing a sense of community (社區(qū)). When a neighborhood requests a mural，the MAP works with the people there to develop a message. Some messages have been “Safe Streets，”“Love and Care, ”and “Peace Walk.”The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. Last year，the worke

5、rs painted 140 murals.“The making of a mural enters peoples collective memory as an extraordinary，pleasant moment in neighborhood history，”says Golden，who began as a muralist in Los Angeles. 本文論述了費城通過MAP這一項目逐步地將墻體上的涂鴉變成了一種室外藝術(shù)形式壁畫，從而給人們帶來了新的希望。1. What can be the best title for the text?A. Love，from

6、Graffiti Writers to MuralistsB. MAP, a New Company in PhiladelphiaC. Jane，an Excellent Mural ArtistD. Hope，One Wall at a Time答案：D。主旨大意題。本文主要介紹費城通過MAP這一項目逐步地將墻體上的涂鴉變成了一種室外藝術(shù)形式壁畫，從而給人們帶來了新的希望。2. What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia aimed at?A. Helping the young find jobs.B. Protecting the ne

7、ighborhood.C. Fighting against graffiti.D. Attracting more visitors.答案：C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段的“the program began as part of philadelphias AntiGraffiti Network.”可知C項正確。3. How does the MAP decide on the message for a mural?A. By having discussions with people in the community.B. By seeking advice from the city

8、government.C. By learning from the young graffiti writers.D. By studying the history of the city.答案：A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第二句可知答案為A項。4Which of the following words best describes the work of the MAP?A. Difficult. B. Dangerous.C. Experimental. D. Successful.答案：D。推理判斷題。由文章第四段可知the MAP每周會收到很多的邀請，每年會畫很多的壁畫，故可推出工作很

9、成功，答案為D項。B(2017湖北卷，B)Howling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack.As pack animals，wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other.There are different explanations of a wolfs howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.

10、One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together.Its almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together.Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong，explains Fred HHarrington，a professor wh

11、o studies wolf behaviour.Indeed，there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus，and the next，quarreling among each other.It appears that usually the lowestranking members of the pack may actually be “punished” for joining in the chorus at times.So is howling a way to

12、strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? Why do wolves howl for sure?What is clear，however，is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other.Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times.When this h

13、appens，howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.Howling，interestingly，is a contagious behaviour.When one wolf starts to howl，very likely others will follow.This is often seen to occur in the morning，as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call”where wolves all howl together to report

14、 their presence.動物的嚎叫有其目的性，而人的對唱也是為了呼喚同伴，所以人們認(rèn)為兩者在這一方面是相同的；但專家似乎發(fā)現(xiàn)，狼的嚎叫不僅僅是為了呼朋引伴，因為有時也會爭斗，因此，研究之后，專家發(fā)現(xiàn)：狼的嚎叫可能是個傳染形式的行為，有時也是為了呼喚同伴。5What is the possible similarity between wolves howling together and humans singing in chorus?AThe act of calling each other.BThe sense of accomplishment.CThe act of hun

15、ting for something.DThe sense of belonging to a group.答案：D。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。從第二段的信息詞“bond better together”以及“help the pack stay together”等可以確定兩者的共同點與選項D的說法是一致的。6Why does Harrington think the“social bond”theory may be wrong?AWolves separate from each other after howling.BWolves tend to protect their hunting gro

16、unds.CWolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.DWolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.答案：C。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中提到的“and the next, quarrelling among each other”以及“it appears that.be punished for joining.”都可以說明選項C的說法是符合原文之意的。7Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to_.Ashow

17、their ranks Bfind their companionsCreport the missing onesDexpress their loneliness答案：B。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的第一句話的信息詞“l(fā)ocate each other”以及最后一句中的“appears to be an excellent means of gathering”都可以明確：狼的嚎叫正是為了找伴兒，應(yīng)選項B的說法是最符合原文的。8“Howling.is a contagious behaviour”(in the last paragraph)means_.Ahowling is a si

18、gnal for huntingBhowling is a way of communicationChowling often occurs in the morningDhowling spreads from one to another答案：D。句意理解題。從最后一段中的第二句話中可以找到contagious一詞的理解：一個隨著一個的去做事情，如同選項D所說的那樣。C(2017江蘇卷，C)According to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gigawatts of elec

19、tricity every year.Unfortunately，the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills(seepicture)to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway，however，could help put them anywhere.The project, called Hywind，is the worlds first largescale deepwater wind turbine(渦輪發(fā)電機(jī))Alth

20、ough it uses a fairly standard 152ton,2.3megawatt turbine，Hywind represents totally new technology. The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar(see picture)，a technology Hywinds creator，the Norwegian company StatoilHydro，has developed recently. The steel spar, which is fill

21、ed with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will be tied to the ocean floor by three cables(纜索)；these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves.Hywinds stability(穩(wěn)定性)in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the oc

22、ean are suitable for wind power. If all goes according to plan, the turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September.To produce electricity on a large scale, a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but its

23、 difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean. To make that turbine heavier, the whole spars centre of gravity must be moved much closer to the oceans surface. To do that, the company plans to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gear

24、box(變速箱) sits at sea level rather than behind the blades(seepicture)Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating windfarm technology could be extremely large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing off shore windmills are planted

25、. Deepsea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcome the windmillaseyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planets surface to one of the best lowcarbon power sources available.本文為科普短文，講述世界上第一個深海風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)渦輪發(fā)電機(jī)以及它的發(fā)電原理及好處。9The Hywind project uses totally

26、 new technology to ensure the stability of_.A. the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floorB. the spar which is floating in deepsea waterC. the blades driven by strong and steady sea windD. the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface答案：B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段特別是“these will keep the spar stable an

27、d prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves”可知B項正確。10To balance a bigger turbine high on a floating spar, a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting_.A. on the sea floor B. on the spar topC. at sea level D. behind the blades答案：C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段最后一句“.one whose gearbo

28、x sits at sea level rather than behind the blades.”可知C項正確。11Wide applications of deepwater wind power technology can_.A. solve the technical problems of deepwater windmillsB. make financial profits by producing more turbinesC. settle the arguments about environmental problemsD. explore lowcarbon pow

29、er resources available at sea答案：D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一句“.it will open up vast areas of the planets surface to one of the best lowcarbon power sources available.”可知D項正確。D(2017天津卷，C)An idea that started in Seattles public library has spread throughout America and beyond.The concept is simple：help to build a s

30、ense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all，the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus，as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in

31、 families and schools.The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched(發(fā)起)the“If All of Seattle Read the Same Book”project in 1998.Her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to ma

32、ny other American cities，and even to Hong Kong.In Chicago，the mayor (市長) appeared on television to announce the choice of ToKillaMockingbird as the first book in the “One Book，One Chicago”program.As a result，reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city.Across the US, stories emerg

33、ed of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character.The only problem arose in New York，where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.This may show that the idea works best in mediums

34、ized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity (一致) can be achieved.Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point，putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than into discussion about a book itself.Ultimately，as Nancy points out, the level of succes

35、s is not measured by how many people read a book，but by how many people are enriched by the process，or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared_a_word.西雅圖的一名圖書管理員建議大家在同一時間閱讀同一本書，并允許陌生人在公共場所對這本書進(jìn)行討論，這樣做既可以促進(jìn)陌生人之間的交流，又能培養(yǎng)公眾的社區(qū)意識。然而，在像紐約等一些大城市，由于人口背景復(fù)雜，很難選出一本具有代表性

36、的書，或許這一想法在一些中等城市更容易實施。12What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy?ATo invite authors to guide readers.BTo encourage people to read and share.CTo involve people in community service.DTo promote the friendship between cities.答案：B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段“Her original program used author visits，study guid

37、es and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book”可以推知正確答案。13Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project?AThey had little interest in reading.BThey were too busy to read a book.CThey came from many different backgrounds.DThey lacked support from the local governmen

38、t.答案：C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第一句話可知，紐約城市大，人口眾多且文化背景多樣化，因此人們很難選出一本有代表性的書。14According to the passage，where would the project be more easily carried out?AIn large communities with little sense of unity.BIn large cities where libraries are far from home.CIn mediumsized cities with a diverse population.DIn large tow

39、ns where agreement can be quickly reached.答案：D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第二句話可知，這一想法在中等城市或大的城鎮(zhèn)較容易實施，因為在那兒人們很容易達(dá)成一致。C項為人口多樣化的中等城市，與句意不符。15The underlined words“shared a word”in Paragraph 5 probably mean_.Aexchanged ideas with each otherBdiscussed the meaning of a wordCgained life experienceDused the same language答案：A

40、。詞義猜測題。由第二段內(nèi)容可知，該活動的目的就是讓陌生人通過討論這本書而達(dá)到交流的目的，故A項正確。16According to Nancy，the degree of success of the project is judged by_.Athe careful selection of a proper bookBthe growing popularity of the writersCthe number of people who benefit from readingDthe number of books that each person reads答案：C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根

41、據(jù)最后一段“.the level of success is not measured by how many peope read the book，but by how many people are enriched by the process.”可知C項正確。E(2017遼寧卷，D)The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to address the needs of the homeless population in the United States.It is a network of offi

42、ces，some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population，and some of which fight for the passing of laws that would give every American the right to a place to call home.According to the Coalitions studies，of over two hundred million people living in the United States，up to three millio

43、n are homelessand the number is still growing.Since the late 1970s，fastrising house prices，large cuts in government supported housing programs，and economic recession(經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退) have made it impossible for many Americans to meet housing costs.Sadly，this has resulted in a number of persons being forced to

44、leave their homes and/or unable to find new affordable homes.According to another research，families with children appear to be the fastestgrowing part of the homeless population，making up 39% of it.The old idea of a homeless person，that of the single man who gets drunk all the time，is no longer true

45、.A much larger part of the population now finds itself homeless.Even worse，once a person becomes homeless，he often finds it impossible to find a job，since most employers require anyone who wants a job from them to provide a home address on a job application.本文記敘了無家可歸者聯(lián)盟試圖幫助解決無家可歸人的需要。為他們提供食物和房屋，為他們的

46、權(quán)力而戰(zhàn)。從二十世紀(jì)七十年代以來，由于房價上升，政府支持減少，經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，使無家可歸者越來越多，更糟的是，他們找不到工作。17The underlined word “address” in the first line probably means “_”Atalk about Bdeal withCfight for Dwrite to答案：B。詞義猜測題。從下文可知，該聯(lián)盟提供給無家者食物，房子，即說明該聯(lián)盟在努力滿足和解決無家者的需求。故B項正確。18How many people are homeless in the US.according to the Coalition stu

47、dies?A39% of the population.B200 million people.CAbout 3 million people.DAbout onefifth of the population.答案：C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第三句話可知，美國有兩億人口，其中有多達(dá)三百萬人無家可歸，且這個數(shù)還在上升。19Homeless people often have difficulty finding a job because_.Athey have no home addressesBthey mostly have a drinking problemCthey arent su

48、pported by government programsDthey often dont have enough work experience答案：A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文最后一句可知，因為大多數(shù)雇主要求找工作的人在申請表上填上家庭住址，所以無家可歸者發(fā)現(xiàn)他們不可能找到工作。20What is the main cause of the rising number of the homeless in the US.?AThe passing of new housing laws.BThe fast growth of family size.CThe slow constructio

49、n of houses.DThe everrising price of housing.答案：D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四句話可知，從20世紀(jì)70年代，房價快速增長，使許多美國人不可能滿足住房費用，從而使更多的人無家可歸。*結(jié)束*結(jié)束C82018全國卷BYoumaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport, butitisreallynothardtolearnit.Youdonotneedtobestrong.Butyouneedtobequick.Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewind.First, youm

50、ustaskyourself，“Whereisthewindcomingfrom? Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside？”Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat.Thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail.Letsstartwiththewindblowingfrombehind.Thismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection.Thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidethebo

51、at.Itshouldbeata90angle(角度)totheboat.Thenitwillcatchthewindbest.Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside, itisblowingacrosstheboat.Inthiscase, youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata45angletotheboat.Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind, butitshouldntflap(擺動)Itshouldntlooklikeaflagonaflagpole.Ifi

52、tisflapping, itisprobablyouttoofar, andtheboatwillslowdown.Sailingintothewindisnotpossible.Ifyoutry, thesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop.Youmaywanttogointhatdirection.Itispossible, butyoucantgoinastraightline.Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.Thisiscalledtacking.Whenyouaretacking, youmustal

53、wayskeepthesailinsidetheboat.45. Whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhilesailing?ASailorsstrength.BWavelevels.CWinddirections.DSizeofsails.46Whatdoestheword“It”underlinedinParagraph4referto?ATheboat.BThewind.CThesail.DTheangle.47Whatdoyouhavetodowhensailingagainstthewind?AMoveinastraightline.BAllowthesailtof

54、lap.CLowerthesail.DTacktheboat.48Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?AInapopularmagazine.BInatouristguidebook.CInaphysicstextbook.DInanofficialreport.【要點綜述】本文主要介紹了航行中關(guān)于風(fēng)向的問題。首先要考慮風(fēng)向，然后再根據(jù)風(fēng)是從船的后面，側(cè)面還是前面來確定航行的方法。45.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句話“And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.”和第二段的內(nèi)容，可知首先

55、要考慮風(fēng)向的問題。A項是不需要考慮的，B項和D項沒有提及。46.C代詞指代題。結(jié)合第四段中“In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat.”中的thesail可知后面的it指的是“風(fēng)帆”。而不是“船”，“風(fēng)”或“角度”。47.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從最后一段的“Youmaywanttogointhatdirection.Thisiscalledtacking.”可知是逆風(fēng)航行的時候要不斷地改變方向，因此選D。48.A推理判斷題。本文主要涉及的是大眾的航行運動的知識，而不是有關(guān)旅游和物理方面的知識，也不是一個官方的報告，因此

56、選A。*結(jié)束C82018遼寧卷BAstronautsonshortershuttlemissions(使命)oftenworkverylongdays.Tasksarescheduledsotightlythatbreaktimesareoftenusedtofinishthedayswork.ThistypeofscheduleisfartoodemandingforlongmissionsontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.Theyworkf

57、ivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.Theycancommunicatewithfamilyandfriendsbyemail, Internetphoneandthroughprivatevideoconferences.Whileastronautscannotgotoabaseballgameoramovieinorbit, therearemanyfamiliaractivitiesthattheycanstillen