情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)用法總結(jié)及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)用法總結(jié)及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1. can / could 用于表推測(cè)的用法(1) 從使用句型上看， can 通常只用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句，一般不 用于肯定句，而 could 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句。兩者沒(méi)有時(shí) 間上的差別，只是 could 比 can 更委婉，更不確定。如：It can ' t couldn ' t be那不可能是真的。What can could they be doing? 他們會(huì)在干什么呢 ?We could go there this summer. 今年夏天我們可能要去那兒。注：can有時(shí)也用于肯定句中表示推測(cè)，主要用于表示理論上的 可能性(即從

2、理論上看是可能的，但實(shí)際未必會(huì)發(fā)生)，或表示 “有時(shí)之意。如：Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有經(jīng)驗(yàn) 的教師也可能出錯(cuò)。She can be very unpleasant. 她有時(shí)很令人討厭。(2) 從時(shí)間關(guān)系看，對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)情況作推測(cè)，后接動(dòng)詞原形； 對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的情況作推測(cè)，后接 be doing 結(jié)構(gòu)；對(duì)過(guò)去情況作推 測(cè)，后接動(dòng)詞完成式。如：He could have gone home. 他可能已經(jīng)回家了。He can ' t couldn ' t have understc他d不可能理解了。Why doe

3、s he know this? Can Could someone have told him about it? 他怎么知道 ? 會(huì)是哪個(gè)人告訴他了嗎 ?(3) “ coul完成式”除表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)外，還有以下重要用法： 表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性，常譯為 “本來(lái)可以 ”。如：I could have lent you the money . Why didn ' t you ask me?我本 來(lái)可以借這筆錢給你的。你為什么不向我提出 ? 用來(lái)委婉地責(zé)備某人過(guò)去應(yīng)該做某事而沒(méi)有去做，常譯為 “本 來(lái)應(yīng)該 ”。如：You could have helped him. 你本來(lái)應(yīng)該幫助他

4、的。 表示 “差點(diǎn)兒就要 ”。如：I could have died laughing. 我差點(diǎn)兒笑死了。2. may / might 用于表推測(cè)的用法表示推測(cè)，兩者都可用，只是 might 比 may 語(yǔ)氣更不確定，表 示的可能性更小。(1) 在句型使用方面：兩者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑 問(wèn)句時(shí)， may 通常不用于句首，但可用于疑問(wèn)句的句中 (如特殊疑問(wèn) 句等)，而 might 盡管可以用于疑問(wèn)句的句首，但不算普通，通常會(huì) 改用其他句式(如用 could 等)。如：He may might know the answer. 他可能知道答案。He may might not beli

5、eve you. 他可能不會(huì)相信你。And who may might she be? 那么她會(huì)是哪一位呢？(2) 從時(shí)間關(guān)系看，對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)情況作推測(cè)，后接動(dòng)詞原形； 對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的情況作推測(cè)，后接 be doing 結(jié)構(gòu)；對(duì)過(guò)去情況作推 測(cè)，后接動(dòng)詞完成式。如：He may might tell his wife. 他也許會(huì)告訴他妻子。He may might be writing a letter. 他可能在寫信。She may might have read it in the papers.她可能在報(bào)上已讀到過(guò)此事。(3) “migh完成式”除表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)外，還有以下重要用法： 表

6、示過(guò)去某事可能發(fā)生而實(shí)際上卻并沒(méi)發(fā)生。如：It was really very dangerous. I might have killed myself. 那真的 是太危險(xiǎn)了，我差點(diǎn)沒(méi)命了。A lot of men died who might have been saved 很多人本來(lái)可以 獲救的卻死了。 表示委婉的批評(píng)或責(zé)備。如：You might have made greater progress. 你的進(jìn)步本來(lái)可更大You might at least have answered my letter.你至少可以回我一 封信嘛。3. must 表示推測(cè)的用法must 表示很有把握的推

7、測(cè)，其意為 “一定會(huì) ”肯“定會(huì) ”，只用于肯 定句，一般不用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)的情況作推 測(cè)，后接動(dòng)詞原形；表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)，接動(dòng)詞完成式。如：I must be the happiest woman on earth! 我一定是世界上最幸福 的女人了。No, he must be lying. 不，他一定在撒謊He must have mistaken my meaning. 他一定誤會(huì)了我的意思。4. should have done 的用法should have done 只用于談?wù)撨^(guò)去情況，主要有兩個(gè)用法：一是 用于推測(cè)過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的情況 ，二是用于指本該發(fā)生而實(shí)

8、際上未發(fā)生 的情況。如：You should have told me so before. 你早就應(yīng)該告訴我。He should have arrived by now. 此時(shí)他本該到了。Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago. 瞧都什么時(shí)候了 ! 十分鐘前我們就該到戲院了。5. need have done 的用法need have done 結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句 ，一般不用于肯定 句。用于否定句時(shí)，表示本來(lái)不必做某事，但實(shí)際上卻做了；用于疑 問(wèn)句時(shí)，用于詢問(wèn)某一過(guò)去動(dòng)作的必要性。如：Y

9、ou needn ' t have hurried. 你當(dāng)時(shí)實(shí)在不必那么匆忙。She needn ' t have come in personaletter would have beenenough. 她本不必親自來(lái) 寫封信來(lái)就足夠了。Need you have paid so much? 你當(dāng)時(shí)真須要付那么多錢嗎 ?Need they have sold the farm? 他們那時(shí)非得把農(nóng)場(chǎng)賣掉不可 嗎?歷屆 NMET 中表推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，也是高考的重點(diǎn) 考察內(nèi)容之一 。其中表示推測(cè)用法的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在近幾年的高考中更是 屢見(jiàn)不

10、鮮?，F(xiàn)結(jié)合近幾年的高考題目，對(duì)表推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法作 一歸納，希望對(duì)各位考生會(huì)有所幫助：【考例】 1. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter go and do the opposite!A. may B. can C. must D. should(2003 年普通高等學(xué)校春季招生統(tǒng)一招生考試英語(yǔ)試題(安徽卷) )【分析】 Can,may,must 都可用來(lái)表示 ”推測(cè) ”，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)各有不同：May 常用來(lái)指 ”事實(shí)上的可能性 ”，而 can 則表示一種 ”理論上的可能 性”例如：The railways may be im

11、proved.=It is possible that the railways will be improved. =Perhaps/Maybe/Possibly the railways will be improved. 鐵路可能會(huì)得到改進(jìn)。（意味著已有具體的改進(jìn)計(jì)劃或方案。） The railways can be improved.=It is possible for the railways to be improved.鐵路可以得到改進(jìn)。（意思是鐵路還不完善，尚有問(wèn)題存在。） 理論上的可能性 （can） 比事實(shí)上的可能性 （may） 更弱。 在一般的陳述句， can 與 som

12、etimes 幾乎相同，表示一種偶然的可 能性。比如：Even expert drivers can make mistakes. 甚至是很熟練的駕駛員 也可能會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。=Even expert drivers sometimes make mistakes.=It is possible for the expert drivers to make mistakes. 因此，如果講的是一種特殊情況，不是一般情況，就用 may, 試比較： Mr Reed looks pale.He may be ill.Mr Reed is in poor health.He can be ill at any

13、 time.Must 指邏輯必然 ,作“想必”、“準(zhǔn)是”、“一定 ”解，用來(lái)表示我們對(duì)某 事有把握的推論或揣測(cè) 。（考慮到跡象如此 ，再無(wú)別的結(jié)論 =It seemscerta in that).：They must be very tired now, for they have been working the whole morning. 他們現(xiàn)在一定是非常累了，因?yàn)樗麄冋麄€(gè)上午都在工作。 析：填 C.must 。意思是 ”不出所料，當(dāng)我告訴女兒要做的事時(shí)，她 準(zhǔn)會(huì)去做相反的事。 ”【考例】 1、 Mary _ be in Paris.I saw her in town only a f

14、ew minutes ago.(NMET1994)A.mustn' t B.shouldn 't C.can 'tD.may not2、.-Is John coming by train? (NMET 2002 Tianjing ) -He should,but he _ not.He likes driving his car.A must B.can C.need D.may【分析】 May 用于否定時(shí)， not 不是否定 may ，而是否定句中的動(dòng) 詞，這一點(diǎn)與 can 不同，試比較：He may not know the truth. 他可能不知道事情的真相。(

15、 =It is possible that he didn' t know the truth).He cannot know the truth. 他不可能知道事情的真相。 must 表示推測(cè)的這種用法通常用在肯定句中，在疑問(wèn)句中常用 can(可能)，在否定句中常用can' t不可能，不會(huì)是)，而不用mustn' t 例如：- Somebody is knocking at the door. Who can it be ? It must be Wang Hong.- No, It can ' bte Wang Hong, because she left

16、for Shanghai this morning.-有人在敲門。會(huì)是誰(shuí)呢？一定是王紅 -不，不會(huì)是王紅，因?yàn)樗裉煸绯烤蛣?dòng)身去上海了。因而 You must be joking. 在意義上相當(dāng)于 You can't be serious.析：1、填C。意思是”瑪麗不可能在巴黎。幾分鐘前我還看見(jiàn)她在鎮(zhèn) 上。2、填D。意思是”-約翰會(huì)坐火車來(lái)嗎？-應(yīng)該會(huì)，但他可能不 會(huì)。他喜歡開(kāi)車。 ”【考例】 1.-I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. (NMET 2002Beijing )-It _ true because t

17、here was little snow there.A.may not be B.won't be C.couldn't beD.mustn't be【分析】 Could,might 表示過(guò)去的可能性。I thought it might be true. 我本認(rèn)為那是真的。He could be very unreasonable. 他有時(shí)可能毫不講理。析：填C。它是對(duì)去年冬天所發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)?！究祭?1.-Are you coming to Jeff's party? (NMET 2000)-I 'm not sure.Igo to the c

18、oncert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.might2.-Look!The clouds are gathering.-Yes.I'm afraid it be pouring down soon.A,can B,must C,should D,might分析】 could 和 might 表示現(xiàn)在的情況時(shí)，更帶有不肯定性和慎重味道，構(gòu)成禮貌或婉轉(zhuǎn)說(shuō)法，包含或許的意思：A:I wonder where Tom is. B:He may/might/could be in the library.（Perhaps he is in the libr

19、ary.）因 此 在 wonder, fear,be afraid 等 后 接 的 從 句 中 , 通 常 用 may/might/could, 表達(dá)一種探詢的觀點(diǎn)：I was afraid you might be out of sorts. 我怕你可能心情不痛快。 假設(shè)性的可能和試探性的可能，也用 could 和 might ：Our team might still win the race.（ 可 以 意 譯 為 ： It ispossible,th ough unlikely,that ）析： 1、 2 均填 D.might【考例】 Mr. Bush is on time for e

20、verything. How itbe that he was late for the opening ceremony?A canBshouldCmayDmust（2001 年上海普通高校春季招生考試試卷 ）【分析】表示推測(cè)的 may 通常不用于一般疑問(wèn)句 ，而要用 can 代替。 Can 用于一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，還可表示驚訝或懷疑，意思是 ”（到底）可 能有這樣的事嗎？ ”，比如：“There is the doorbell.” Who can it be at this time of day?有人按門鈴。 ”這個(gè)時(shí)候到底會(huì)是誰(shuí)呢？ ”Must 也偶爾用于疑問(wèn)句： Must there be

21、 some good reason for the delay? 這個(gè)問(wèn)句設(shè)想的是一個(gè)肯定的回答，可以解釋為 ” Does there have to be some good reason may可用于特殊疑問(wèn)句或 wh-從句，意思是”（到底）是”、”不知 是否”：I wonder what it may mean. 我不知道這究竟是什么意思。How old may his father be? 他父親到底有多大年紀(jì)？ （比 How old is his father? 委婉的說(shuō)法。）析：填 1、 A.can. （布什先生做什么事都很按時(shí)。他怎么可能會(huì)在開(kāi) 幕式上遲到呢？）【考例】 1. S

22、orry I'm late. I have turned off the alarmclock and gone back to sleep again.（ 2000 年普通高等學(xué)校春季 招生考試 （北京、安徽卷 ）A. mightB. shouldC. canD. will2. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.It _ a comfortable journey. （NMET95）A.can't be B.shouldn't be C.mustn

23、't have beenD.couldn't have been【分析】 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have + -ed 分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情 進(jìn)行推測(cè) , 就表示的可能性程度而言 ， must 最大， could 其次， may 更次之， might 最小。must + have + -ed 分詞: 用于肯定句 , 表示推測(cè)過(guò)去某事 “肯定,一 定，準(zhǔn)是 ”發(fā)生了。 其否定形式為： can't / couldn 't hav-eedv, 表 示過(guò)去不可能發(fā)生某事。 may(might) + have + -ed 分詞 : 用于肯 定句和其他否定句 , 表示對(duì)已發(fā)

24、生事情的不肯定的推測(cè) , 意為 “可能, 大概”，其中might較may語(yǔ)氣更弱，把握更小。Can/could用于否 定或疑問(wèn)句中 ,表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事件的 “懷疑或不肯定 ”。 could 比 can 更表示說(shuō)話人語(yǔ)氣的不肯定。例如：I mailed that letter a week ago. He must have received it. 我一周 前就發(fā)出了那封信 , 想必他一定收到了。I can 't find my keys. I may / might have left them at th e school yesterday.Jack can't hav

25、e arrived yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me. (上海 1997 )It couldn't have been Mr. Smith. He has gone to China. 不太可能 是史密斯先生。他已去了中國(guó)。另外，注意 may 不可用于疑問(wèn)句，它的這種功能已為 can 所取代。 例如 Can they have missed the bus? 的答句是： Yes,they may have done. 而不是 Yes,they can have done. 這一點(diǎn)要注意。Must 偶爾也能用于否定句： His absen

26、ce must not have been noticed. 此句和 His absence can 't have been noticed. 的意思是一 樣的。許多評(píng)論者認(rèn)為這類句子是不可能成立的，但它們正在為越我 來(lái)越多的人所接受和使用，在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中尤其如此。對(duì)正在發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)，則采用”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別與上相同。析：答案A、D。can通常不用于肯定句表猜測(cè);should+have+ -ed分詞”表示”過(guò)去本來(lái)應(yīng)該做 ”，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做，意思是 ”本 該.” 帶有責(zé)備口氣 ：l was really anxious about you.You

27、 shouldn ' t haveleft withouta word.(NMET2001) ; ” will+have+ -ed分詞”只是將來(lái)完成時(shí)的一種形式?！究祭?t's nearly seven o'clock. Jack be here at anymome nt. (NMET95)A.mustB.n eedC.shouldD.ca n【分析】should(ought to)表示很可能、預(yù)期的意思，指一種嘗試性 推論，可認(rèn)為是 must的語(yǔ)氣較弱的對(duì)應(yīng)詞，意思是 ”應(yīng)該會(huì)、一 定。吧”。試比較：Our guests must be home by no w.

28、(I am certa in 我們的客人現(xiàn)在一定到家了。(根據(jù)他們動(dòng)身的時(shí)間、路程遠(yuǎn)近、速度等具體條件， 我能斷定/肯定他們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)到家了。)Our guests should(ought to) be ho me by no w.( They probablyare,but I ' m not certain我們的客人現(xiàn)在該到家了。(含義是我想他 們很可能到家了，但我不能肯定”)與must不同還在于它常常表示將來(lái)：-When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow after noon.-Theybe ready by 12:00

29、. (NMET1998) A.can B.shouldC.might D.need 表示不太可能可用 should n't(oughtn 't to):There shouldn ' t(oughtn 'tot) be any difficulties. 不該有任何困 難。析：填C。意思是”將近七點(diǎn)了。杰克很可能隨時(shí)會(huì)到?！?另外, 在近幾年的NMET中，對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及其它語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的考查均放到一定 的語(yǔ)境中進(jìn)行，要求考生利用所學(xué)英語(yǔ)各項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行初步的語(yǔ)言 運(yùn)用，而不再是單純的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)題和短語(yǔ)題。這類試題往往通過(guò)題干 的其他部分或附加句子提供某個(gè)信息 ，然后讓考

30、生根據(jù)這個(gè)信息進(jìn)行 合理推理，產(chǎn)生新的想法和認(rèn)識(shí)。因此，在做這類題時(shí)，除要熟悉所 考查的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則外，還要認(rèn)真分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，注意抓住關(guān)鍵詞，分 析上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。不能單憑語(yǔ)法規(guī)則做題。鞏固練習(xí)1.Michael _ be a policeman, for he's much too short.A. need't B. can't C. should D .may2.Johnny,you _ play with the knife. You _hurt youself.A.won't,can't B.mustn't,may C.shouldn&

31、#39;t,must D.cant't,shouldn't3. Peter _ come with us tonight,but taken he isn't very sure yet.A.can B.may C.will D.must4. Put on more clothes.You _ be taken feeling cold with only a shirt on.A.must B.can C.could D.would5.It's nearly seven o'clock.Jack _ be here at any moment.A.mu

32、st B.need C.should D.can6.I didn't hear the phone.I _ asleep.A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been7. Jack _ yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.A.mustn't have arrived B.shouldn't have arrived C.can't have arrived D.need not have arrived8. -there were already

33、 five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _ a comfortable journey.A.can't be B.shouldn't be C.mustn't have been D.couldn't have been9. He _you more help,even though he was very busy.A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give10. Yesterday Jane w

34、aooked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she _ something the would regret later.A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said11. There was plenty of time.She _.A.mustn't have hurried B.needn't have hurried C.should have written it out D.couldn't have hurried12. Tom ought not to _ me y

35、our secret,but be meant no harm.A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.haven't told13.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I _ for her.A.had to wirte it out B.must have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out14.If you had worked harder,you _.A.would succeed B.had suc

36、ceeded C.should succeed D.would have succeeded15.-If he _,he _that food. -luckily he wsa sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not take B.had been warrned;had not taken C.would be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken 16.-I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -Oh,did you?You _ with Barbara.A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 17.Sorry I'm late.I _ have turned off the alarm and gone back to sleep again.A.might B.should C.can D.