數(shù)電實驗-電風(fēng)扇

1、題目: 基于quartus制作的電風(fēng)扇 姓 名 高英達 學(xué) 院 信息與通信工程 專 業(yè) 通信工程 班 級 2013211106 學(xué) 號 2013210158 班內(nèi)序號 07 目錄基于Quartus的電風(fēng)扇制作 1一、設(shè)計任務(wù)要求4二、系統(tǒng)設(shè)計12.1 設(shè)計思路42.2 總體框圖 12.2.1 總體結(jié)構(gòu)框圖42.2.2 邏輯劃分框圖52.2.3 模塊劃分圖 52.2.4 程序流程圖 52.2.5 MDS圖 5三、仿真波形及分析1四、源程序4 4.1 程序代碼4 4.2 程序分析4五、功能說明5六、元器件清單及資源利用情況6七、故障及問題分析1八、總結(jié)和結(jié)論4一、設(shè)計任務(wù)要求基本要求 ：1、 用

2、8×8 點陣模擬風(fēng)扇轉(zhuǎn)動，并采用雙色點陣顯示。2、 風(fēng)扇轉(zhuǎn)動方式如圖 1 所示，包括四個點陣顯示狀態(tài)并按順序循環(huán)顯示。風(fēng)扇轉(zhuǎn)動速度根據(jù)環(huán)境溫度分為 4 檔，其中 1 檔的四個顯示狀態(tài)之間的切換時間為 2 秒，2 檔為 1 秒，3 檔為 0.5 秒，4 檔為靜止不動。3、 環(huán)境溫度通過 2 個 BTN 按鍵設(shè)置，一個用來增加，一個用來減少，溫度可設(shè)置范圍為 1040，溫度精度為 1，并用兩個數(shù)碼管進行溫度顯示。風(fēng)扇根據(jù)不同的溫度自動采用不同的轉(zhuǎn)動速度，其中 2024對應(yīng) 1 檔，2529對應(yīng) 2 檔，3040對應(yīng) 3 檔，1019對應(yīng) 4 檔，用一個數(shù)碼管顯示檔位。4、 定時模式：在風(fēng)

3、扇不同轉(zhuǎn)動速度下，可以通過按鍵切換進入定時模式。定時時間可設(shè)置范圍為 2059 秒，采用兩個數(shù)碼管進行倒計時顯示，當(dāng)?shù)褂嫊r結(jié)束后，風(fēng)扇狀態(tài)保持靜止不動。5、 設(shè)置開關(guān)鍵。風(fēng)扇開機初始狀態(tài)為 20、1 檔，并有不小于 5 秒的開機音樂。關(guān)機狀態(tài)為點陣全滅。提高要求 ：1、 設(shè)計 LED 風(fēng)扇的其他工作模式。2、 利用實驗板上的溫度傳感器代替按鍵直接獲取溫度數(shù)據(jù)， 實現(xiàn)對 LED 風(fēng)扇四檔轉(zhuǎn)速的自動控制。3、 用數(shù)碼管實時顯示溫度傳感器的溫度數(shù)據(jù)，精度為 0.1。4、 自擬其他功能。二、系統(tǒng)設(shè)計2.1設(shè)計思路采用分模塊的設(shè)計思想，將整個程序主要分為三個模塊：分頻模塊、控制模塊以及顯示模塊。其中：1

4、. 分頻模塊的作用是產(chǎn)生程序所需要的時鐘頻率。包括時鐘及點陣的掃描頻率2000Hz、鍵盤掃描頻率500Hz、控制數(shù)碼管倒計時的頻率1Hz、不同檔位風(fēng)扇轉(zhuǎn)速對應(yīng)的頻率：20Hz、10Hz、5Hz。本實驗采用了兩種計時方式，分別是計數(shù)分頻和時鐘反轉(zhuǎn)分頻。2. 控制模塊主要由BTN按鍵和撥檔按鍵組成。BTN按鍵用來控制溫度及時間的增減，撥檔按鍵用來實現(xiàn)開關(guān)機功能以及倒計時開關(guān)功能。其中，”start“ 按鍵置一實現(xiàn)倒計時功能，同時BTN按鍵仍可控制時間加減。3. 顯示模塊包括數(shù)碼管顯示和點陣顯示。點陣顯示通過高頻率逐次掃描然后利用視覺暫留效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生靜態(tài)顯示；數(shù)碼管利用片選信號每次選通一個數(shù)碼管，然后根

5、據(jù)輸出控制單個七段數(shù)碼管顯示狀態(tài)的信號實現(xiàn)數(shù)碼管的顯示。點陣顯示風(fēng)扇圖形，數(shù)碼管顯示風(fēng)扇檔位、倒計時時間以及當(dāng)前溫度。2.2 總體框圖2.2.1 總體結(jié)構(gòu)框圖數(shù)碼管8×8點陣控制器復(fù)位按鍵時鐘按鈕輸入2.2.2邏輯設(shè)計框圖8×8檔位顯示控制器按鍵輸入及復(fù)位鍵溫度到檔位分頻器時鐘數(shù)碼管顯示計時器2.2.3 程序流程圖開始點陣旋轉(zhuǎn)×3檔溫度<10°？結(jié)束點陣旋轉(zhuǎn)停止×4檔開始倒計時時間減少？點陣旋轉(zhuǎn)×2檔溫度下降？溫度>24°？溫度>30°？溫度上升？溫度控制鍵是否按下時間控制鍵是否按下start鍵是

6、否按下點陣旋轉(zhuǎn)×1檔數(shù)碼管顯示溫度20度顯示時間30s否否否是是否是是否否是是否是是是否start=12.2.4 MDS圖計時狀態(tài)Time=0Temp4×4檔 運行狀態(tài)Temp3Temp4Temp1Clear=1Clear=0×3檔×1檔關(guān)閉狀態(tài)開啟狀態(tài)Temp2Temp1×2檔Temp3Temp210°Temp124°25°Temp229°30°Temp340°Temp410°三、仿真波形及分析初始化：由這兩個波形圖可以看出數(shù)碼管的初始值。Cat是數(shù)碼管片選信號，代表導(dǎo)通的

7、數(shù)碼管dec是八段控制的數(shù)字，從圖中看出，六個數(shù)碼管從右到左依次顯示為：3×3030，代表3檔30攝氏度30秒。證明初始化正確。溫度按鍵：從這三個波形圖可以看出，當(dāng)up_tem置1而其他置0，即只有升溫按鍵一直按下的時候，在仿真358us左右，數(shù)碼管最右邊一位，即溫度的個位顯示從0變1，在774us左右，該處數(shù)值變成2。證明升溫按鍵正常工作，溫度降低按鍵檢測原理同上。時間按鍵：從這兩個波形圖可以看出，當(dāng)low_time置1而其他置0，即只有減時按鍵一直按下的時候，在294us左右，數(shù)碼管右邊第三位，即時間的個位顯示由0跳變至9，在777us左右，該處數(shù)碼管顯示8。證明減時按鍵正常工作

8、，加時按鍵檢測同理。四、源程序4.1程序代碼library ieee;use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;entity fan is port(clk_50M:in std_logic;clear:in std_logic;start:in std_logic;up_tem,low_tem,up_time,low_time:in std_logic;-調(diào)節(jié)溫度btn red:out std_logic_vector(0 to 7);-點陣 紅 green:out std_logic_vector(0 to 7)

9、;-點陣 綠 row:out std_logic_vector(0 to 7);-點陣 行cat:out std_logic_vector(5 downto 0);-數(shù)碼管 位數(shù)dec:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0);t1,t2,t3,t4:in std_logic;spks: out std_logic );end fan;architecture arc of fan issignal clk_r,clk_s:std_logic;signal clk_temp1,clk_temps,clk_temp2,clk_temp3,clk_temp4,clk_tem

10、p5,clk_temp6,clk_temp7:std_logic;signal temp1:integer range 0 to 499999;signal temps:integer range 0 to 99999999;signal temp2,temp3,temp4,temp5:integer range 0 to 999;signal a:integer range 0 to 7;-點陣 行掃描signal c:integer range 0 to 3;-點陣 圖案signal gear:std_logic_vector(1 downto 0);-檔位signal gear_dec:

11、std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);signal d:integer range 0 to 5;-數(shù)碼管掃描signal d_temp:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);signal tem_h:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);-溫度signal tem_l:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);signal tem_f:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);-溫度signal time_h:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);-timesignal time_

12、l:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);signal time_f:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);signal clk_075M, fullspks:std_logic; signal count0:integer range 0 to 63;-change signal clk2:std_logic; signal tone0:integer range 0 to 2047;signal index:std_logic_vector(15 downto 0); beginp1:process(clk_50M) -分頻beginif clk_5

13、0M'event and clk_50M='1' thenif temp1=24999 thentemp1<=0;clk_temp1<=NOT clk_temp1;-2000hzelsetemp1<=temp1+1;end if;end if;end process p1;clk_r<=clk_temp1;p111:process(clk_50M) -分頻variable counts:integer:=0;beginif clear = '0' thencounts := 0;elseif clk_50M'event a

14、nd clk_50M='1' thencounts := counts + 1;if counts <= 45000000 then clk_temps <='0'elsif counts < 50000000 then clk_temps <='1'else counts := 0;end if;end if;end if;end process p111;p11:process(clk_temp1)beginif clk_temp1'event and clk_temp1='1' thenif

15、temp2=24 thentemp2<=0;clk_temp2<=not clk_temp2;-80hzelsetemp2<=temp2+1;end if;end if;end process p11;p12:process(clk_temp2)beginif clk_temp2'event and clk_temp2='1' thenif temp3=1 thentemp3<=0;clk_temp3<=not clk_temp3;-40hzelsetemp3<=temp3+1;end if;end if;end process p1

16、2;p13:process(clk_temp3)beginif clk_temp3'event and clk_temp3='1' thenif temp4=1 thentemp4<=0;clk_temp4<=not clk_temp4;-20hzelsetemp4<=temp4+1;end if;end if;end process p13;p14:process(clk_temp1)beginif clk_temp1'event and clk_temp1='1' thenif temp5=24 thentemp5<=

17、0;clk_temp6<=not clk_temp6;clk_temp7<=not clk_temp7;-500分頻elsetemp5<=temp5+1;end if;end if;end process p14;p2:process(up_tem,low_tem,clear,clk_temp6)-按鍵調(diào)節(jié)溫度beginif clear='0' thentem_h<="0011"tem_l<="0000"elsif clk_temp6'event and clk_temp6='1' a

18、nd up_tem='1' thenif tem_h="0100" thentem_h<="0100"tem_l<="0000"elsif tem_l="1001" thentem_h<=tem_h+'1'tem_l<="0000"else tem_l<=tem_l+'1'end if;elsif clk_temp6'event and clk_temp6='1' and low_tem=

19、9;1'thenif tem_l="0000" thenif tem_h="0001" thentem_h<="0001"tem_l<="0000"elsetem_h<=tem_h-'1'tem_l<="1001"end if;else tem_l<=tem_l-'1'end if;end if;end process p2;tem_f<=tem_h&tem_l;p22:process(up_time,low_t

20、ime,clear,clk_temp7,start,clk_temps)-button control timebeginif clear='0' thentime_h<="0011"time_l<="0000"elsif clk_temp7'event and clk_temp7='1' and up_time='1'thenif time_h="0110" thentime_h<="0110"time_l<="0000&q

21、uot;elsif time_l="1001" thentime_h<=time_h+1;time_l<="0000"else time_l<=time_l+1; end if;elsif clk_temp7'event and clk_temp7='1' thenif low_time='1' or (start = '1' and clk_temps ='1') thenif time_l="0000" thenif time_h="

22、;0000" thentime_h<="0000"time_l<="0000"elsetime_h<=time_h-'1'time_l<="1001"end if;else time_l<=time_l-'1'end if;end if;end if;end process p22;time_f<=time_h&time_l;p3:process(tem_f)-wendu dao dangweibeginif time_f="0000000

23、0" thengear<="00"elsif tem_f="00010000" thengear<="00"elseif tem_f<"00100101" thengear<="01"elseif tem_f<"00110000" thengear<="10"else gear<="11"end if;end if;end if;end process p3;p4:process(ge

24、ar)-檔位調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)速begincase gear iswhen "00"=>clk_temp5<='0'gear_dec<="0100"when "01"=>clk_temp5<=clk_temp4;gear_dec<="0001"when "10"=>clk_temp5<=clk_temp3;gear_dec<="0010"when "11"=>clk_temp5<=clk

25、_temp2;gear_dec<="0011"end case;end process p4;clk_s<=clk_temp5;-數(shù)碼管顯示相關(guān)p5:process(clk_r)beginif clk_r'event and clk_r='1'then d<=d+1; if d=5 thend<=0;end if;end if;end process p5;p:process(d,tem_l,tem_h)beginif clear='0' thencat<="111111"elseca

26、se d iswhen 0=>d_temp<=tem_l;cat<="111110"when 1=>d_temp<=tem_h;cat<="111101"when 2=>d_temp<=time_l;cat<="111011"when 3=>d_temp<=time_h;cat<="110111"when 4=>d_temp<="1111"cat<="101111"when 5=>

27、d_temp<=gear_dec;cat<="011111"end case;end if;end process p;p6:process(d_temp)begincase d_temp iswhen "0000"=>dec<="1111110"when "0001"=>dec<="0110000"when "0010"=>dec<="1101101"when "0011"=>de

28、c<="1111001"when "0100"=>dec<="0110011"when "0101"=>dec<="1011011"when "0110"=>dec<="1011111"when "0111"=>dec<="1110000"when "1000"=>dec<="1111111"when "

29、;1001"=>dec<="1111011"when others=>dec<="0000000"end case;end process p6;-雙色點陣相關(guān)p7:process(clk_r)beginif clk_r'event and clk_r='1'then a<=a+1; if a=7 thena<=0;end if;end if;end process p7;p8:process(clk_s) beginif clk_s'event and clk_s='

30、1'thenc<=c+1;if c=3 thenc<=0;end if;end if;end process p8;p9:process(a,c,clear) -雙色點陣顯示 beginif clear='0' thenrow<="11111111"elseif(c=0)thencase a iswhen 0=>red<="10000000"green<="00000011"row<="01111111"when 1=>red<=&quo

31、t;11000000"green<="00000110"row<="10111111"when 2=>red<="01100000"green<="00001100"row<="11011111"when 3=>red<="00110000"green<="00001000"row<="11101111"when 4=>red<="0000110

32、0"green<="00010000"row<="11110111"when 5=>red<="00000110"green<="00110000"row<="11111011"when 6=>red<="00000011"green<="01100000"row<="11111101"when 7=>red<="00000001"gr

33、een<="11000000"row<="11111110"when others=>null;end case;elsif(c=1)thencase a iswhen 0=>red<="00110000"green<="00000000"row<="01111111"when 1=>red<="00110000"green<="00000000"row<="10111111&qu

34、ot;when 2=>red<="00110000"green<="00000111"row<="11011111"when 3=>red<="00010000"green<="00001111"row<="11101111"when 4=>red<="00001000"green<="11110000"row<="11110111"when 5

35、=>red<="00001100"green<="11100000"row<="11111011"when 6=>red<="00001100"green<="00000000"row<="11111101"when 7=>red<="00001100"green<="00000000"row<="11111110"when others=>

36、;null;end case;elsif(c=2)thencase a iswhen 0=>red<="00000011"green<="10000000"row<="01111111"when 1=>red<="00000110"green<="11000000"row<="10111111"when 2=>red<="00001100"green<="01100000"

37、;row<="11011111"when 3=>red<="00001000"green<="00110000"row<="11101111"when 4=>red<="00010000"green<="00001100"row<="11110111"when 5=>red<="00110000"green<="00000110"row<=

38、"11111011"when 6=>red<="01100000"green<="00000011"row<="11111101"when 7=>red<="11000000"green<="00000001"row<="11111110"when others=>null;end case;elsecase a iswhen 0=>red<="00000000"gree

39、n<="00110000"row<="01111111"when 1=>red<="00000000"green<="00110000"row<="10111111"when 2=>red<="00000111"green<="00110000"row<="11011111"when 3=>red<="00001111"green<=&qu

40、ot;00010000"row<="11101111"when 4=>red<="11110000"green<="00001000"row<="11110111"when 5=>red<="11100000"green<="00001100"row<="11111011"when 6=>red<="00000000"green<="000011

41、00"row<="11111101"when 7=>red<="00000000"green<="00001100"row<="11111110"when others=>null;end case;end if; end if; end process p9;end;4.2關(guān)鍵程序分析1.溫度控制：process(up_tem,low_tem,clear,clk_temp6)beginif clear='0' thentem_h<="0

42、010"tem_l<="0000"elsif clk_temp6'event and clk_temp6='1' and up_tem='1' thenif tem_h="0100" thentem_h<="0100"tem_l<="0000"elsif tem_l="1001" thentem_h<=tem_h+'1'tem_l<="0000"else tem_l<=tem

43、_l+'1'end if;elsif clk_temp6'event and clk_temp6='1' and low_tem='1'thenif tem_l="0000" thenif tem_h="0001" thentem_h<="0001"tem_l<="0000"elsetem_h<=tem_h-'1'tem_l<="1001"end if;else tem_l<=tem_l-

44、9;1'end if;end if;end process p2;tem_f<=tem_h&tem_l;分析：CLK_TEMP6是500分頻，掃描溫度按鍵。Up_tem、low_tem分別控制溫度上升和下降。Tem_h、tem_l分別代表數(shù)碼管顯示溫度的高位和低位。開機溫度是20°，當(dāng)檢測到Up_tem=1時，溫度上升；檢測到low_tem=1時，溫度下降。最后把溫度復(fù)制給tem_f，用于之后溫度對檔位的控制。2.時間控制及倒計時：p22:process(up_time,low_time,clear,clk_temp7,start,clk_temps)-butt

45、on control timebeginif clear='0' thentime_h<="0011"time_l<="0000"elsif clk_temp7'event and clk_temp7='1' and up_time='1'thenif time_h="0110" thentime_h<="0110"time_l<="0000"elsif time_l="1001" thentim

46、e_h<=time_h+1;time_l<="0000"else time_l<=time_l+1; end if;elsif clk_temp7'event and clk_temp7='1' thenif low_time='1' or (start = '1' and clk_temps ='1') thenif time_l="0000" thenif time_h="0000" thentime_h<="0000&quo

47、t;time_l<="0000"elsetime_h<=time_h-'1'time_l<="1001"end if;else time_l<=time_l-'1'end if;end if;end if;end process p22;time_f<=time_h&time_l;分析： clk_temp7是500分頻，用于掃描時間控制按鍵的時鐘； clk_temps是用于計時的時鐘。up_time、low_time分別用于控制增時間、減時間；time_h、time_l分別表示數(shù)碼管時

48、間顯示的高低位。Start是倒計時開啟開關(guān)，當(dāng)start=1的時候開始倒計時。最后把時間復(fù)值給time_f，用于之后時間對檔位的控制。4.時間及溫度控制風(fēng)扇旋轉(zhuǎn)速度p3:process(tem_f)beginif time_f="00000000" thengear<="00"elsif tem_f="00010000" thengear<="00"elseif tem_f<"00100101" thengear<="01"elseif tem_f&l

49、t;"00110000" thengear<="10"else gear<="11"end if;end if;end if;end process p3;分析：當(dāng)?shù)褂嫊r結(jié)束時間為零時，gear<="00"風(fēng)扇調(diào)至4檔；如果倒計時時間不為零，溫度小于10°，gear<="00"風(fēng)扇調(diào)至4檔；溫度大于10°小于25°，gear<="01"風(fēng)扇調(diào)至1檔；溫度大于24°小于30°，gear<=&q

50、uot;10"風(fēng)扇調(diào)至2檔；溫度大于30°小于40°，gear<="11"風(fēng)扇調(diào)至3檔。5.檔位調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)速p4:process(gear)-檔位調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)速begincase gear iswhen "00"=>clk_temp5<='0'gear_dec<="0100"when "01"=>clk_temp5<=clk_temp4;gear_dec<="0001"when "10"=>c

51、lk_temp5<=clk_temp3;gear_dec<="0010"when "11"=>clk_temp5<=clk_temp2;gear_dec<="0011"end case;end process p4;clk_s<=clk_temp5;分析：當(dāng)gear=”00“時，clk_temp5<='0'，風(fēng)扇停止旋轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)gear=”01“時，clk_temp5<= clk_temp4，風(fēng)扇以20Hz的轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)gear=”10“時，clk_temp5<= clk_temp3，風(fēng)扇以40Hz的轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)gear=”11“時，clk_temp5<= clk_temp2，風(fēng)扇以80Hz的轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)。五、功能說明1.點陣顯示風(fēng)扇的四個狀態(tài)，對點陣行列的控制，選擇一列紅色、二列綠色。通過時鐘的掃描實現(xiàn)風(fēng)扇的旋轉(zhuǎn)。2.數(shù)碼管從左到右分別顯示風(fēng)扇所在檔位、倒計時和溫度。3.BTN3和BTN2分別控制時間增加和時間