北京四中主謂一致[特約]

1、精誠(chéng)凝聚=A_A=成就夢(mèng)想 鑼點(diǎn)亮心燈/()照亮人生 鑼主謂一致主謂一致是高一下學(xué)期的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)。對(duì)于這一語(yǔ)法的掌握大部分靠理解后的記憶。關(guān)鍵要找準(zhǔn)主語(yǔ)，再看其句式結(jié)構(gòu)，按照規(guī)則辦事。另外，對(duì)于作主語(yǔ)的名詞還要分清是可數(shù)名詞還 是不可數(shù)名詞。下面我們就這一語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容進(jìn)行講解。謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，須和主語(yǔ)在人稱、數(shù)上保持一致，叫主謂一致。處理主謂一致問題可依據(jù)三項(xiàng)原則：語(yǔ)法上一致、意義上一致和就近一致。一、語(yǔ)法上一致：謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)通常是從語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致，即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也為復(fù)數(shù)形式。A、謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)的情況1、 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作

2、主語(yǔ)時(shí)。例: The boy is clever eno ugh to study maths well.To work hard is n ecessary.Readi ng aloud is very importa nt in lea ning a foreig n Ian guage.Whether she comes or not is of no matter.2、 由 and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)的前邊如果分別有each, every,或 no 修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)要用單 數(shù)形式。例: In our country every boy and every girl has the rig

3、ht to education.No teacher and no student is going to take part in such a boring game.3、 主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，其后盡管有 as well as, no less tha n, rather tha n, more tha n, but, except, besides,with, alo ng with, together with, like, i ncludi ng, in addition to等起連接作用的詞語(yǔ)帶其他名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。例: The teacher as well as the stud

4、ents likes this painting.4、 某些不定代詞，女口either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything,somebody, some one, someth ing, every body, every one, everyth ing, no body, no one, nothing. 等，當(dāng)它 們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用單數(shù)。5、 many a +單名，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例: Many a stude nt is coming.6、 the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，中

5、心詞是number。二、意義一致：從意義著眼處理主謂一致問題，即主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù)，意義為復(fù)數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)依意義而定用復(fù)數(shù)， 反之，主語(yǔ)II精誠(chéng)凝聚7=成就夢(mèng)想 鑼點(diǎn)亮心燈/()照亮人生 鑼形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。7、 表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語(yǔ)作為一個(gè)整體看時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例：Fifty years is not a long time.One hun dred kilometers is a good dista nee.Four hun dred dollars is more tha n she can afford.Five pou nds is quite e

6、n ough.8、 在說一個(gè)算式時(shí)，表數(shù)目的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例: 20 plus 5 is 25.9、 以 ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，如 mathematics, physics, politics, news, works 等都屬形復(fù)意單名 詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例: Mathematics seems to be difficult to me.The glass works was rebuilt in 1959.10、用作書名、劇名、報(bào)紙名、國(guó)名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主謂時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。例:“ The Arabian Nights ” is a very interesting story

7、 book.The Un ited States is a capitalist cou ntry.B、謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)的情況：1 主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。例: They are doing their homework now.2 .用 and 或 bothand 連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。例: Plastics and rubber n ever rot.He and I are classmates whe n we were at college.Both bread and butter were sold out in that shop.What he says and what h

8、e does do not agree.但是：并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念其謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。例:In this hotel, the bread and butter (= the bread with butter on it) is served for breakfast.A cart and horse was see n in the dista nee.The girl s teacher and frie nd is a you ng doctor.Truth and hon esty is the best policy.3. 一

9、些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞如clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts, scales, glasses 等，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)。例: The scales are mine.My trousers are being washed.但：如果成雙的東西前有a pair of 來(lái)修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。II精誠(chéng)凝聚7=成就夢(mèng)想 鑼點(diǎn)亮心燈/()照亮人生 鑼例: This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor.4. 表總稱意義的名詞 public, police, cattle, people (人們、人民)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)

10、數(shù)。例： The police have not made any arrests.People are talking about the news.5.以定冠詞 the + adj （或分詞形式的 adj.）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果指的是一類人，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。例: The English speak English.The rich are not always happy.C、單復(fù)數(shù)依情況而定：1、在主謂倒裝句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。例: Here comes an old lady.2、關(guān)系代詞 who, that, which 等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)

11、 一致。例: Those who want to go please sign their names here.Some of the en ergy that is used by man no wadays comes from the atom.3、 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a heap of（ 一堆）,heaps of, a large quantity of 等 +n 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ) 作主語(yǔ)2由分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)+n 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)3the rest of / the rema in der of / most of/half of 短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ) ,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

12、詞要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定，這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語(yǔ)中前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)。例: There are lots of people.Lots of damage was caused by the fire.Three-fourths of the people here are doctorsThree-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.Only 30 percent of the students are Only 30 percent of the water is The rest of the books are

13、The rest of the water is Half of the visitors are from Europe.Half of the fruit is bad.Most of them are Most of the wood was used to make fur niture.4、 有些集合名詞，女口family, team, group, crowd, crew, class, audie nee, gover nment, company, committee 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果看作一個(gè)整體用單數(shù)，如果就其中的一個(gè)成員而言，用復(fù)數(shù)。例:family:My family i

14、s a big family.My family are watchi ng TV.populati on:The populati on of the earth is in creas ing very fast.II精誠(chéng)凝聚7=成就夢(mèng)想 鑼點(diǎn)亮心燈/()照亮人生 鑼W(xué)hat is the populati on of China?One third of the populati on here are workers.II精誠(chéng)凝聚7=成就夢(mèng)想 鑼點(diǎn)亮心燈/(AvA)鑼5、疑問代詞 who, what, which，不定代詞 all, some, any, none 等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須視情況

15、分別采 取復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)形式。例： Who is your brother?Who are league members?三、就近一致有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。1、 在正式文體中，用連詞or, either - or, neither nor, whether or, not only but also 等連接并列主語(yǔ)，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。例: What he does or what he says does not concern me.Either he or I know the truth.He did n t s

16、ay whether some En glish no vels or an En glish dicti onary was wan ted.Not only he but also you are wrong.2、在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往和后面的第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)取得一致。例: Where is your mother and younger sisters?There is a no tebook, a pen and some books on the desk.In the dista nee was heard the applause of the people, the shouts

17、and clapp ing of han ds.但：也可按語(yǔ)法一致原則處理倒裝句中主謂一致的問題。例: There are a notebook, a pen and some books on the desk.練習(xí)檢測(cè)1. About 60 perce nt of the stude nts andforeig n cou ntries.A. are/isC. is/are2. Half of the workers here_un der 30_ .A. is/yearsB. are/year oldC. is/years oldD. are/years of age3. Now Tom

18、 with his classmates_football on the playgrou nd.B. are play ingD. is playi ng4. The n umber of pages in this dicti onary_ about two thousa nd.A. areB. hasC. haveD. is5. Thirty dollars_ too expe nsive.A. areB. isC. wereD. befrom the south, the rest of them_from the northA. playC. playsII精誠(chéng)凝聚7=成就夢(mèng)想 鑼

19、點(diǎn)亮心燈/(AvA)鑼照亮人生II精誠(chéng)凝聚7=成就夢(mèng)想 鑼點(diǎn)亮心燈/()照亮人生 鑼6. The audienee_ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.A. isB. areC. wasD. has7. The secretary and prin cipal_ at the meeti ng now.A. are speak ingB. is speak ingC. were making a speechD. have a speech8.If anybody_ , please put down_ na

20、me, ” said the teacher to the monitor.A. wants to buy the book/hisB. want to buy the book/theirC. will buy the book/one sD. wants to have the book bought/her9. Noth ing but one desk and six chairs_ in the room.A. areB. is stayedC. isD. are left10. Having arrived at the stati on,_A. it was found that

21、 the train had leftB. the train had leftC. the train was found leftD. he found that the train had left11. Betwee n the two roads_a TV tower called “ Skyscraper TowerA. sta ndsB. sta ndingC. which sta ndsD. sta nd12. Either of you_ going there toni ght.A. willB. wasC. isD. are13. You as well_ right.A

22、. I areC. as I amB. I amD. as I are14. All but Dick_ in Class Three this term.A. areB. isC. wereD. was15. Shall I wait here for three hours?Yes. Three hours_to wait for such a doctor.A. are not very long for youB. is not long eno ugh for youC. was not long en ough for youD. will be too long for youII精誠(chéng)凝聚7=成就夢(mèng)想 鑼點(diǎn)亮心燈/()照亮人生 鑼II精誠(chéng)凝聚7=成就夢(mèng)想 鑼點(diǎn)亮心燈/()照亮人生 鑼16. Where to get the materials and how to g