謂語動詞放在主語之前的這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為倒裝

1、羃謂語動詞放在主語之前的這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為倒裝。從倒裝的形式來看，可分為全部倒裝full inversion )和部分倒裝( partial inversion )兩種。前者是指整個謂語置于主語之前，而后者僅是指助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或 be 動詞等功能置于主語這前。蒈 引起倒裝的情況多種多樣，倒裝的表現(xiàn)形式大體有下列幾種：螇 1. 在疑問句中袂例 1 ：How are you getting along with your work？螂例 2 ： Is this report written in detail？薈 注：如疑問詞作主語或者作定語修飾主語時，不發(fā)生倒裝。膈 2. 在 there be

2、及其類似結構中薄例 1： There are forty students in our class.薀例 2 ： There seem to be still some elements undiscovered yet.蚈例 3 ： There stands a bridge across the river.薈 3. 在表示祝愿的句子中肂例 1 ： Long live the People's Republic of China！例 2：May you succeed例 3 ： Dog-tired though they were， they continued to march

3、 on.蚅 4. 在省略 if 的虛擬語氣條件狀語從句中螄 這類句子中有 were ， had ， should 等詞時，把 were ， had 或 should 置于句首。莂例 1 ： Were there no air or water， there would be no life in the world.袈例 2 ： Had you been more careful， such spelling mistakes might havebeen avoided.肆 5. 在 so ，nor ， neither 或 no more 開頭的句子中蒆 此類句子通常表示前面一句話中的謂語所

4、說明的情況，也適用于另一句中的主語。例如：膁1) This problem is not difficult and neither is that one.袇2 ) Coal is under the ground in some places，and so is oil.蕆 6. 在以具有否定意義的副詞、連詞及詞組開頭的句子中羄 這些詞和詞組通常有： rarely ， never ，scarcely ， no sooner ， little ， few ，hardly ，seldom ， at no time ，in no way ，on no account ， nowhere ，nob

5、ody ，not only 等。例如：1 ) Visit our stores. Nowhere else will you find such magnificent bargains.2 ) Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang.3 ) Not only did he complain about the food， he also refused to pay for it.4 ) Little did we think his speech had made so deep an impression on hi

6、s audience.羃 7. 在強調表語時肇例 1 ： Worst of all were the humiliations.肅例 2 ： Such is the case.肄 8. 在強調賓語時螞例 1 ： Still greater contributions should we make to our socialistconstruction.膇例 2 ： Useful chemical fertilizer can we make from the waste liquid.注：當前置賓語由 “ not a 名詞 ”或者 “ not a single 名詞 ”構成時，也會引起倒裝。

7、例如：Alice had a terrible time touring that country. Not a day did she spendwithout having some unpleasantness with waiters in the hotel.9. 在強調狀語時1 ）當句首狀語為方位詞或擬聲詞，謂語動詞為go ，come 等表示位置轉移的動詞時句子須倒裝。例如：袇 1 ) Up went the plane.芃2 ) In came the chairman and the meeting began.蒃 注：如果主語是代詞則不發(fā)生倒裝。例如：薁1 ) Out the

8、y rushed！芇2) Lower and lower he bent.羅 (2 )當句首狀語為表示地點的介詞詞組時，句子須倒裝。例如：節(jié)1 ) Round the corner walked a large policeman.蟻2 ) Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.(3 )當句首狀語由 “only 副詞 ”， “ only 介詞詞組 ”，“only 狀語從句 ”構成時，句子須倒裝。例如：蒃1 )Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.2

9、) Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get sometickets in the end.4 ）當句首狀語為 here ， there ， now ， then 等時，句子須倒裝，主語是代詞時，句子不用倒裝。例如：螅 1 ) Here is a ticket for you.膅2 ) Now comes your turn.螀3 ) Here he comes.袀(5 )以關聯(lián)詞so (that )開頭的句子中，句子須倒裝。例如：膆 1 ) So small was the mark that I could har

10、dly see it.薃 2 ) So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given abonus.袃 3 ) So much does he worry about his financial position that he can'tsleep at night.羀 注：在該結構中，“so形容詞"是表語的前置：“so副詞"是狀語的前置。薇 10. 在直接引語之后蒞 在敘事性書面語中，直接引語后常跟 asked Mary ， answered John ， said theold l

11、ady ， grunted Peter 之類的詞語。在這些詞語中，動詞常的主語之前，主語是代詞時，不用倒裝。例如：1 ) “What do you mean？ ” asked Henry.肀2 ) “ What do you mean ？ ” he asked.羈 11. often ， many a time 等表示頻度的狀語置于句首時螃例如： Often did they think of going there， but they never had a chance.莁 12. 在 as ， though 引導的讓步狀語從句中膀在 as ， though 引導的讓步狀語從句中，一般將形容詞、副詞或名詞等置于句首。例如：Small as the atom is， we can smash it.僅供個人用于學習、研究；不得用于商業(yè)用途For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use.Nur f u r den pers?nlichen f u r Studien, Forschungommerziellen Zwecken verwendet werden.Pour l ' e tu