2012屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法精選講義第九部分詞法[1]

1、2012屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法精選講義第九部分詞法名詞1. 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題：A) 加s的問(wèn)題.B) 加es的問(wèn)題.C) 不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題.D) 復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題.2. 名詞的所有格問(wèn)題. A) Jane and Mary's room (共有)B) Jane's and Mary's rooms(不共有) C) at Mr. Green's (家)at the tailor's (店鋪) D) 表示物生命東西的名詞,通常用 "of +名詞 "表示所有關(guān)系. the gate of the school the window o

2、f the door E) 雙重所有格問(wèn)題 F) of + 抽象名詞=形容詞 of importance = important of + great + 抽象名詞 = very + 形容詞 of great importance = be very important of + no + 抽象名詞 = not + 形容詞 (-less) It is no use . = It is useless.3. 名詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)一般不用介詞.She kept washing all day. I told you many times. Come this way, please.He can wal

3、k 50 miles a day.We waited there two hours.4. 關(guān)于dozen, acore的用法.數(shù)詞1. 數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)2. 順序編號(hào)中的數(shù)詞 事物名詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞事物名詞3. 年，月，日的表達(dá)順序時(shí)間小的在前，大的在后要注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)4. 時(shí)間與地點(diǎn)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題 在同一句中，如果時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)都在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后，按習(xí)慣，地點(diǎn)在前，時(shí)間在后5. “一個(gè)半”的表達(dá)法one pound and a half one and a half years6. 帶數(shù)詞的成語(yǔ) twos and threes三三兩兩at sixes and sevens 亂七八糟7. 數(shù)詞的

4、修飾語(yǔ)問(wèn)題 形容數(shù)目很大，常用full, solid 于名詞前； good, all of, no less than, asas , 用于數(shù)詞前. 形容數(shù)目小常用barely, scarcely, no more than等于數(shù)詞前 形容“恰好”，“不多不少”，常用clear (名詞前) sharp (后置定語(yǔ)) more or less (數(shù)詞前) 表示“大約”，“大致”常用nearly, almost, close to, some, about等于數(shù)詞前，or so(句末),more or less(句末)1.  小數(shù)，分?jǐn)?shù)，百分比引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 分?jǐn)?shù)和百分

5、數(shù)引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞來(lái)確定如果是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式代詞1.  one, some any 的用法2.  each, every 的用法區(qū)別3.  none, no, no one 的用法區(qū)別4.  many , much 的用法區(qū)別5.  other, another 的用法區(qū)別onethe other 一個(gè)(兩個(gè)中)另一個(gè)onethe other two 一個(gè)(三個(gè)中)另兩個(gè)oneanother 一個(gè)(不定的)另一個(gè)onethe o

6、thers 一個(gè)(除一個(gè)外的)其它的oneothers 一個(gè)(不定的)另幾個(gè)6.  all, both, none, neither, not all, all not 的用法區(qū)別7. by oneself, of oneself , for oneself的用法區(qū)別形容詞副詞1. 多個(gè)形容詞做定語(yǔ)的一般排列順序（前置、冠詞、不所指，數(shù)詞、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)詞，大小、形狀、新溫度，色國(guó)、材料、動(dòng)名詞。）2. 形容詞副詞的比較等級(jí)少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞，特別是分詞形容詞用加 more 或most 構(gòu)成。 real tired pleased stupid fit以 a 開(kāi)頭的形容詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)也是加

7、 more 或加most 構(gòu)成。 afraid alikeA. 比較的等級(jí)B. 比較的對(duì)象C. 比較的范圍3. 用比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)倍數(shù)問(wèn)題4. 比較級(jí)前面的修飾語(yǔ)問(wèn)題5. 形容詞句型6. 常見(jiàn)形容詞，副詞的用法區(qū)別比較級(jí)的常見(jiàn)句型：比較級(jí) + than + any other + 名詞（單數(shù)） He is taller than any other student in his class. = He is the tallest student in his class. 比較級(jí) + than + all other + 名詞（復(fù)數(shù)） He does better than all othe

8、r boys here. 比較級(jí) + than ( + any of ) + the other + 名詞（復(fù)數(shù)） He is taller than ( any of ) the other students in his class. 比較級(jí) + than + ( any of ) + the others He is taller than any of the others . 比較級(jí) + than + anyone( anybody , anything ) + else He is taller than anyone else in his class. No one ( Nob

9、ody, Nothing ) + 比較級(jí) + than + No one is taller than he in his class. No one ( Nobody , Nothing ) + + so ( as ) + 原級(jí) + as + No one is as tall as he.1. at, in, on 表示地點(diǎn)的用法區(qū)別.2. at, in 表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別.3. besides, except, except for 的用法區(qū)別.4. 乘坐交通工具的介詞使用.5. to 后面跟什么?come tobe used toused torefer tospeak togive

10、one's life tolook forward toprefer topretend tobe worthy to6. 介詞省略的問(wèn)題.A)      動(dòng)名詞前的介詞省略.B) 間接賓語(yǔ)前的介詞省略.B)       某一些動(dòng)詞后介詞段與表示時(shí)間和距離時(shí)的介詞省略.C)       某些名詞前的介詞省略.D) all組成的短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),介詞省略.、介詞的省略 prevent sb (from) doing sth.

11、stop sb (from) doing sth. have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.spend time / money (in) doing sth. be busy (in) doing sth.： 介詞for的用法一、 作介詞用。1、用來(lái)表示時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度，有時(shí)不譯出來(lái)，而且通?？梢允÷裕诰涫谆蛘轿捏w中則通常不省。如：We have studied Einglish (for)five years.They have waited for you for ten days.2、含有代動(dòng)性，可與一個(gè)名詞連用(不能和動(dòng)名詞連用)，構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)

12、，起不定式短語(yǔ)作用，表示目的。如： The students went to Beijing for (=to spent)the sum mber holiday.Crusoe rdturned home for (=to get)two guns.Not all the ants go out for (=to look for)food.3、含有“交換”之意?？捎脕?lái)表示“錢(qián)物等相交換”， “買(mǎi)賣(mài)關(guān)系”等。如： He once refused to speak on the radio for$1000 a mi nute.I bought the dictionary for 20 yu

13、an.4、常與表示離開(kāi)、起行的動(dòng)詞連用(如sail,leave,staft,head等)。如：I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai tomorrow.The boat headed for the French coast.5、表示“對(duì)而言”。It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone.It is very cold for October.6、表示“由于”，“因?yàn)椤?。如：He got a medal for swimming well.He was scolded for being l

14、ate.7、表示“支持”，“贊成”。如；Some people were for the strike.He is for me .8、表示“給”，“適于”。如：These flowers are for you .The books are for children.9、固定搭配。Be late for ,be fit for ,the rules for verbs,prize for physics, reach(out)for,bd/get ready for ,wait for ,look for ,long for ,search for ,call for ,send for ,

15、for ever, for ,example ,take for ,etc.二、 作連詞用，為“因?yàn)椤?。如：We must get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to errors(錯(cuò)誤)。省略與代替1.   省略與代替的作用是什么?2.   so代替前面句子中已經(jīng)表達(dá)過(guò)的詞,短語(yǔ)或句子(多是賓與從句). 與so 連用的常用動(dòng)詞有：hope , believe, think , be afraid , expect , surprise, imagine等3.   用not代替so的情

16、況.4.   用不定式符號(hào)代替不定式.5. 用do在句子中代替其它動(dòng)詞.四冠詞1.   不用冠詞的情況A. 學(xué)科名詞前不加冠詞B. 體育或動(dòng)名詞前不加冠詞.C. 形容詞的最高級(jí)不含比較意義,而只表示"非常"時(shí),不加"the".D. 形容詞的最高級(jí)只用于本身不同情況的比較而不是與其它事物的比較時(shí),不加"the".E. 廣場(chǎng),公園,街道,建筑物以及重要的機(jī)構(gòu)或處所的名詞前不加"the".F. 季節(jié),月份,星期,節(jié)日,假日,一日三餐的名詞前不加"the".G.

17、普通名詞+as 引起的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,名詞前不加冠詞.H. 在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中不加冠詞.例如: gun in handI. turn(go)作為"變成"講時(shí),后面所跟的名詞前不加冠詞.2.   rather , quite 后面的冠詞問(wèn)題rather a difficult job = a rather difficult jobEnglish is quite a useful tool. = English is a quite useful tool.3.   詞組中的冠詞go to school go to the school

18、at school at the schoolgo to prisongo to the prisontake advice(征詢(xún)他人意見(jiàn))take the advice(聽(tīng)人勸告)take placetake the placego to towngo to the countrysidein townin the cityout of question(毫無(wú)問(wèn)題)out of the question(完全不可能)訣3    定冠詞用法小結(jié)口訣1.有水無(wú)湖：海、洋、海灣、河等，都用the；單個(gè)湖不用the，(但多個(gè)湖用the)； the Red

19、60;Sea，the Pacific Ocean，the Persian Gulf， the Yangtze River The Great Lakes(五大湖)；Lake Erie(伊利湖) 2.有球無(wú)星：地球，月亮用the；行星不用the： Mars， Venus； 3.有山無(wú)峰：The Huangshan Mountains(黃山)；Mount Everest(珠穆朗瑪峰)； Mount(or Mt.) Tai(泰山)。 4.