高考總復習不定式專題

1、高考熱點：動詞不定式動詞不定式的構成：to do解讀：動詞不定式雖然不能作謂語動詞用，但仍留著動詞的特征，它可以帶有所需要的賓語或狀語而構成動詞不定式短語，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。動詞不定式的形式變化 語態(tài)一般式完成式進行式完成進行式主 動to buildto have builtto be buildingto have been building 被 動to be builtto have been built動詞不定式的基本用法：這里只學習不定式做主語，賓語，和狀語的用法，它作定語和賓補的用法與分詞一塊學習。一 作主語句型： It is

2、/was +形容詞/可數名詞單數+ to do sth解讀1：不定式作主語常見的是 it 作形式主語，放在句首，將真正的主語動詞不定式（短語）放在句子后面。經典例句：1) Its easy to be wise after the event.2) It is easier to spend money than to make money.3) Its better to love someone you cant have than to have someone you cant love.4) It is not a good habit to stay up too late解讀2：

3、此外形式主語it 不能用that、this 來替換。 這也是不定式作主語時的考點。出題句型是：_ is/was +形容詞/可數名詞單數+ to do 此句型特別重要，要牢記。判斷下列句子讀錯，并說明理由：1 This is impossible for people to stare directly at the sun.2 Due to the refraction of light rays , this is impossible for the naked eye to determine the exact location of a star close to the horiz

4、on.解讀3：it 作形式主語，不定式可以有自己的邏輯主語，通常用for + 名詞（代詞）或of + 名詞（代詞）放在不定式的前面。此時不定式的語態(tài)須看與邏輯主語的主被動關系。For與of的區(qū)別是初中內容。經典例題：1. Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A. this B. there C. that D. it2. The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday. (2010全國卷II 14).A. this B. that C. one D. it3.

5、 Its important for the figures _ regularly. （2011北京卷）A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to updateD. to have updated二作賓語 1.直接作賓語句型：動詞（vt）+ to do 解讀：直接跟在一個及物動詞后面作賓語。這時句子有以下兩個特點：第一：句子的主語和不定式的邏輯主語是一致的，不定式的語態(tài)需看與句子主語的關系。第二：這時句子的謂語動詞多是描寫態(tài)度；不定式動作則說明行為。經典例句：1) Nobody wants to be laughed at.2) This c

6、ompany refused to cooperate with us.經典例題：1. I don't want _like I' m speaking iii of anybody, but the manager' s plan is unfair. (2005天津卷)A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded2. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works.

7、(2006北京卷) A. working ; stopping B. to work ; stopping C. working ; to stopD. to work ; to stop3. As a young man , I hate_ in public. A. laughed at B. to be laughed at C. to laugh at D. laughing at 2. 句型：某些及物動詞+連詞+to do解讀：在一些動詞之后，可以在連接代詞（what, who , which）或連接副詞（how,when,where）及連詞 whether 后面接一個帶to 的動詞

8、不定式作賓語。常見的動詞有：ask, decide, explain, forget, find out , guess, imagine , know, wonder.經典例句：1) I wonder who to invite. 2) Show us what to do .3) I dont know whether to answer his letter.考點解讀：不定式的語態(tài)：必須用主動形式，此時易誤選為被動形式。當連接詞為代詞時，不定式為及物動詞，且其后不加賓語。經典例題：1. Theres so much delicious food! I cant decided_. A .

9、 what to eat B. when to eat C. how to eat D. where to eat2. Can you tell me _ on the Internet? A. how to search B. how search C. where can I search D. when can I search 3. He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussion. (2009四川卷)A. to have B. having C. have D. had3不定式作賓語后置：如果不定式（賓語）后面有賓語補足

10、語，則用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語（不定式）后置，放在賓語補足語后面，構成句型“動詞+ it +賓補（名詞或形容詞）+賓語to do ”。 經典例句：I think it hard to answer the question in one go. 我覺得很難一下子回答這個問題。He feels it challenging to be a marketing supervisor .經典例題：1. Using many symbols makesto put a large amount of information on a single map.A. possible B. it is

11、possible C. it possible D. that possible2. The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting . (2005全國卷1)A. that B. it C. this D. him3.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. (2006湖南卷)A. this B. that

12、C. one D. it4. Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (2006山東卷)A. that B. it C. this D. you5. The fact that she was foreign made _difficult for her to get a job in that country. (2010遼寧卷33) A. so B. much C. that D. it6. The two girls are so alike that strangers find _

13、 difficult to tell one from the other. （2011山東卷）A. it B. them C. her D. that7. New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost. 【2012四川】A. that B. this C. one D. it 三. 狀語構成以下幾種句型句型1 ：形容詞+to do （語言山表述為：形容詞后面的動詞不定式）解讀1：該形容詞為表示動作特點的形容詞時，一般做兩種成分：表語和賓補 當該形容詞作表語時，

14、句子主語和不定式動詞可構成邏輯上的動賓關系。 當該形容詞作賓補時，句子賓語和不定式動詞可構成邏輯上的動賓關系。經典例句：1) She is very nice to talk to .2) Mary is easy to get on with.3) I find English difficult to speak. 4) I find Football very interesting to watch. 此句型三大考點不定式動詞一般不用被動形式：（最容易出錯）不定式后不能再加賓語：不定式動詞所帶的介詞不能省略：經典例題：1. Tom asked the candy makers if t

15、hey could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces. （2011安徽卷）A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break2. This machine is very easy _. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 【2012遼寧】A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operated解讀2：在本句型中，如果形容詞是表示人的性格特征（如：brave , careful, clev

16、er, considerate , foolish, generous , kind ,等）或情緒感受（happy；surprised；glad；honored）的詞。句子主語或賓語和不定式動詞可構成邏輯上的主謂關系.經典例句：1) He was kind to help us .2) The boy was careless to break the window .3) We think the boy careless to break the window.經典例題：1. The old man sat in front of the television every evening,

17、 happy_ anything that happened to be on. 【2012全國卷II】A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched2. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (2008北京卷)A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed3. We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition. (2010遼寧卷)A. findi

18、ng B. to find C. find D. to be found4.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _. （2011福建卷） A. held B. holding C. be held D.to hold句型 2 ：不定式作目的狀語，可構成句型：To do/In order to do sth, 主語+謂語或主語+謂語+to do/in order to do/so as to do.經典例句：1. Hating peopl

19、e is like burning down your own house to get red of a rat.2. To acquire knowledge, one must study; but to acquire wisdom, one must observe.3. We had better start early to catch the train.4. We had better start early so as to catch the train.5. I went to the post office in order to mail a letter .經典解

20、讀：1. so as to 一般不用在句首。但to do 或 in order to do 可提到句首。2. 目的狀語放在句首時，和句子之間要有“，”間隔；當目的狀語位于句末時，和句子之間不可以有“，”間隔。3. 不定式的語態(tài)：看與句子主語的關系：主動to do；被動to be done。經典例題：1. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent therefor a space flight. (2007江西卷) A.training B.being trained C.to have trained D.to be trained2.

21、 the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly. (2007上海春)A. To ensureB. EnsuringC. Having ensured.D. To have ensured3., you need to give all you have and try your best. (2009遼寧卷)A. Being a winner B. To be a winner C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner句型 3作結果狀語

22、，可構成句型：主+謂（，）only to do。指意想不到或不愉快的結果，結果狀語必須放在句末。經典例句：1) We hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had just left.2) They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他們搬起石頭卻砸了自己的腳注意： 分詞作結果狀語，一般表示意料之中的結果。如：1) His parents died, leaving him an orphan.2) It rained heavily, causing sev

23、ere flooding in that country.經典例題：1. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. (2005遼寧卷)A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving2. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. (20

24、06陜西卷)A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told3. George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. 【2012山東】A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 4. He comes home late every evening, _his wife very angry.A. make B.only to make C. making D. made句型4: sb seem/appear/pretend +

25、 to do/to be doing/to have done解讀：本句型中關鍵是判斷不定式的時態(tài)。To be doing 正在做；to have done 已經做了；to do 要去做。經典例句：1) He seems to have finished his work.2) When the teacher came in , all the students pretended to be studying.3) The old man appeared to be asleep.經典例題：1. I dont know whether you happen, but Im going t

26、o study in the U.S.A. this September .Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard2.Look at the pride on Toms face. He _ to have been praised by the manager just now. （2011重慶卷）A.seemed B. seems C. had seemed D.is seeming3. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing but we seem _ the a

27、rt of communicating face-to-face. (2011上海卷)A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lost句型5 sth be said/reported/believed/thought/considered +to do/to be doing/to have done 解讀：1) 在此結構中主語必須是sth或sb，不能是形式主語it，動詞后必須用不定式，不能用that從句。2) 此結構中關鍵是判斷不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)：語態(tài)判斷與句子主語的關系；時態(tài)：To be doing 正在做；to have done 已

28、經做了；to do 要去做。經典例句:1) Many of his books are said to have been translated into foreign languages.2) Zhanghua is said to go to America tomorrow , which made his parents very proud.經典例題：1. Is Bob still performing? (2005江蘇卷) I'm afraid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an officialA

29、. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left2. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. (07遼寧)A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. break3. It is reported that many a new house at present in the

30、 disaster area. (2010陜西卷24) A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built句型 6：but后不定式符號“to”的省略問題解讀：but后是否加to遵循三個句型一個原則：三個句型：這三個句型后都不加to1) cant but do2) cant help but do3) cant choose but do一個原則：but前面有實義動詞do的某種形式，后面省to；沒有加to?？捎洃洖椋河衐o省to；無do加to。經典例句：1) I have no choice bu

31、t to stay here.2) He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.3) When he heard the interesting story, he cant help but laugh loudly.經典例題：1. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge. (2012陜西卷)A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet2.Before the boss came back,

32、 we had nothing to do but_here. A. to do B. doing C. does D. do3. After he gave a wonderful lecture, the audience couldnt help _. A. clap their hands B. clapping their hands C. to clap their hands D. claps their hands綜合練習：1. (2006浙江卷)18. It remains _ whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals

33、.A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see2. (2009湖南卷)Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _.A. reusingB. reusedC. reusesD. to be reused3. (2006上海春)38. _ the employees' working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.A. Improving B. To

34、 improve C. Having improved D. Improved4. (2006山東卷)33.Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday.A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost5. Mr. Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had _ was nowhere to be see

35、n.A. repairing B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired6. I've worked with children before, so I know what_ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects7. -You seemed to be nervous. -Oh. With so many watchers around, how could I keep calm?AstandingBstoodCto standDstan

36、d8. AIDS is said _ the biggest health problem in Africa over the past years.A. to beB. that it isC. to have beenD. that it has been9 you turn off all the lights when you are away from the classroom.AMaking sure BTo make sure CBeing sure DMake sure 10.It took a long time for the connection between bo

37、dy temperature and illness_.(江西卷)Ato make Bto be made Cmaking Dbeing made11. (2010遼寧卷25. We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition.A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found12. (廣東卷)31. He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left.A. to find    

38、;   B. finding     C. found     D. to have found13. (2010四川卷11). In many peoples opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant. A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with14.- Is Bob still performing?- I'm afraid

39、not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an officialA. to have left       B. to leave      C. to have been left       D. to be left2012-2006動詞不定式高考題1.【2012全國卷II】 The old man sat in front of the television

40、 every evening, happy_ anything that happened to be on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched2.【2012安徽】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 3.【2012重慶】28. Were having a meeting in ha

41、lf an hour. The decision _at the meeting will influence the future of our company.A. to be made B. being madeC. made D. having been made4.【2012陜西】22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet5.【2012山東】26. George returned a

42、fter the war, only _ that his wife had left him.A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 6.【2012湖南】21. Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success.A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do 【2012江西】33. Having finished her project, she was invited by the scho

43、ol _ to the new students.A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken【2012遼寧】29. This machine is very easy _. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate【2012四川】6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the

44、 sky.A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found【2012浙江】3. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better _ silent.A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain11.【2012浙江】8. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or _

45、 his job.A. quits B. to quit C. quitting D. quit1.（2011北京卷） Its important for the figures _ regularly.A. to be updated              B. to have been updatedC. to update           &#

46、160;   D. to have updated2.(2011上海卷) Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing but we seem _ the art of communicating face-to-face.A. losing        B. to be losing           C. to be lost

47、0;           D. having lost3.（2011安徽卷） Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.A. break      B. breaking           C. broken 

48、60;               D. to break4.（2011浙江卷） If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheered            B.

49、 be cheered        C. to be cheered        D. were cheered5.（2011福建卷）The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _.   A.held    B. holding

50、60;  C.be held    D.to hold6.（2011四川卷） Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keep       B. kept       C. keeping      D. to keep7.（2011天津卷）Passengers are permitt

51、ed _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry         B. carrying             C. to be carried       D. being carried8.（2011重慶卷）More TV programs, accordin

52、g to government to officials, will be produced _peoples concern over food safety.A.to raise                        B.raisingC.to have raised       

53、60;          D. having raised9.(2011湖南卷) The ability  _an idea is as important as the idea itself.A. expressing        B. expressed        C. to express    

54、0;   D. to be expressedKeys: ABDCDDA1.（10上海40）That is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce2.（10江西32）There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovere

55、d D. being discovered3.（10山東23）I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed4.（10全國I 34）With Fathers Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bough

56、t5.（10陜西19）His first book next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published6.（10遼寧25）We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition.Afinding Bto find Cfind Dto be found7.（10重慶34）Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the on

57、e _first is the library.A. repairedB. being repairedC. repairing D. to be repaired8. (09安徽28) The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced9. (09北京28) All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more eff