8初中八大時(shí)態(tài),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)法學(xué)案【學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容】動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài):時(shí) 體現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/ does一般過(guò)去時(shí)did/ were一般將來(lái)時(shí)will do一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would do進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are doing過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will be doing過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)wouldbe doing完成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/have done過(guò)去完成時(shí)Had done將來(lái)完成時(shí)will have done過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)wouldhave done完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)has/have bee n doing過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)had bee n doing將來(lái)完

2、成進(jìn)行時(shí)will have bee n doing過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)would have bee n doing-、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：(動(dòng)詞原形)sb+be(am/is/are)+表語(yǔ)，sb+do/does+n(賓語(yǔ))(1)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)：e.g. We have meals three times a day.He is always ready to help others.(2)表示不受時(shí)間限制的事實(shí)或普遍真理。e.g. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(3)用在狀語(yǔ)從句中，構(gòu)成主將從現(xiàn)”的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g. I wi

3、ll let you know as soon as I hear from him.(4)表示已安排或計(jì)劃好將來(lái)必定發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，一般用be, come, go, arrive,leave, start等動(dòng)詞。e.g. My birthday falls on May 2.The ship leaves at 9:00 a.m(5)圖片說(shuō)明、電影說(shuō)明、解說(shuō)戲劇內(nèi)容及場(chǎng)景等。(6)由here, there, now, then開(kāi)頭的句子e.g. There goes the bell.Now comes your turn.二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式)sb+be(was/were)

4、+表語(yǔ)，sb+did(動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí))+n(賓語(yǔ))表示在過(guò)去時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用yesterday,last night，in 1990，two days ago, the day before yesterday last summer，at thattimee.g. He didn t watch TV last night.三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)：(will(shall) do)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用tomorrow,nextyear,next week，in the future，the day after tomorrow。

5、e.g. He will be back in a few days.注意將來(lái)時(shí)幾種形式的區(qū)別：will(shall) do, be going to do, be about to do, be doing, be to do, do/does(1) will(shall) do表示將來(lái)要出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；表示事物的必然趨勢(shì)；表示主語(yǔ)的 意愿”.wil還有臨時(shí)決定去做.e.g. Tom will come back n ext week.Man will die without air.-Who will go and help that poor old man?-Mary will .(

6、瑪莉愿意。)(2) be going to do表示即將會(huì),打算將人打算去做);表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)象對(duì)未來(lái)進(jìn)行推 斷.e.g. He is going to speak on TV this evening.他計(jì)劃今晚到電視臺(tái)講話.Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.be about to do即將馬上要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.)，此句型不與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.e.g. The train is about to leave.火車就要開(kāi)了.be doing表示定于 指接近的將來(lái)動(dòng)作)e.g. He is leavi ng for Hong Kong tomor

7、row morni ng.他定于明天早晨到香港去.(5) be to do1表示按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事情(定于,指預(yù)定的將來(lái)動(dòng)作)e.g. Preside nt Bush is to visit China next mon th.She is to get married n ext mon th.2表示 應(yīng)該”指令性的動(dòng)作),相當(dāng)于should/must/have toe.g. This medicine is to be taken three times a day.You are to report to the police.3表示 想，打算”相當(dāng)于intend, want.(能用在

8、從句當(dāng)中)e.g. If we are to be there before ten, well have to go now.4be to be done的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)e.g. The n ews is to be found in the eve ning paper.(6) do/does表示按計(jì)劃、安排將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).一般表示規(guī)定好的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).e.g. The train leaves at 8 oclock.The class begins at 9 oclock.四、 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：(would do ; was/were going to do)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)

9、看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。e.g. No one knew he was going to come.He said that he would go to the cin ema.五、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：(am/is/are+doing)1.表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或且前這段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作e.g. I was havi ng breakfast at 7 in the morning.They are lear ning Chin ese in Beiji ng.2. be always doing表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，帶有贊賞,厭惡等情緒.e.g. He is

10、always thinking of othersHe is always maki ng the same mistakes.3.用進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示過(guò)程e.g. Its getting cold.The leaves on the trees are turning brow n.六、 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：(was/were+doing)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這一特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間可用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示也可由上下文暗示。常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：then，at that time，this time yesterday，at ten yesterdaye.g. As I was walking in t

11、he park, it began to rainThey were listening to the teacher attentively when the bell rang.七、 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：(will be doing)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。e.g. I will be busy this evening. I will be writing an article.八、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：(have/has+done)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是以過(guò)去的時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)，表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):so far, since,

12、for, in the past few years, up to now, till(until)now,recently, for a Iongtime, already, yet, just, before, recently, lately(注:already常用于肯定句,yet常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，且常位于句末)e.g. He has bee n in the League for three years.They havent finished their homework yet.We have already worked out that problem.注意:si nee

13、從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，句子意思是肯定的含義，即：自從干至今.但是從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，句子的意思是否定的，即:自從不干.已經(jīng).e.g. It is 20 years since we came here.自從我們來(lái)這兒已經(jīng)20年了.It is 20 years since we lived here.自從我們不在這兒住已經(jīng)20年了.常見(jiàn)的瞬間動(dòng)詞有:come, go, get to/reach/arrive at, leave, buy, sell, ope n, close, get up,join /take part in, begi n/start, retur n

14、/give, borrow/le nd, become/t urn, brin g/take, jump, die,fini sh/e nd, receive/hear from, marry, break, lose。That/It is the first/seco nd從句(從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài))e.g. This is the first time (that) I have come here.注意:做題的時(shí)候，一定要先審清題，然后在做，出題時(shí)可能會(huì)利用你的思維定式，給你設(shè)下套兒.e.g. I_in London for many y ears, but Ive never regr

15、etted my final decision to move back toChi na.lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived注意：一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：His brother was in the army for five years.他的兄弟當(dāng)過(guò)5年兵。(現(xiàn)已退役)His brother has been in the army for five years.他的兄弟已當(dāng)兵5年。(現(xiàn)仍在部隊(duì)里)九、 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：(had done)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，即一件事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而另外一件事情先于它發(fā)生e.g. She s

16、aid (that) she had never been to Paris.When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般和過(guò)去時(shí)一起出現(xiàn)sb had done sth before sb did/ sb did sth after sb had donee.g. I had nt lear ned any En glish before I came here.我來(lái)這兒之前沒(méi)學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ)。I went out for a walk after I had done my homework.做完作業(yè)之后，我出去散步.注意:做題的

17、時(shí)候，一定要先審清題，然后在做，出題時(shí)可能會(huì)利用你的思維定式，給你設(shè)下套兒.He_football regularly for many years whe n he was young.A. has played B. had played C. played D. plays(1)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：by last year/by the time of,by +含一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子表示到為止”e.g. Edis on had built a chemistry lab by the time he was ten注意下面的句子：e.g. By the time he realiz es

18、 he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it.A. walks B. walked_C. has walked D. had walked(2)用于hardlywhen, no soonertha的句式中,表示 一就”e.g. We had hardly come home whe n it rain ed.Hardly had we come home whe n it rain ed.(3)用在It was the first/second.time+that句型中 ”用在 “It was/had b

19、ee n+段時(shí)間si nee sb had do ne句型中e.g. It was the third time that he had made the mistakes.It was ten years since we had had such a won derful time.十、將來(lái)完成時(shí)：(will have done)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):by+表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間e.g. By this time of n ext year, all of you will have become college stude nts.十、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(has/have bee n doin g)一直做

20、表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且仍在進(jìn)行。e.g. He has bee n lear ning En glish for 6 years.十二、過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：(had been doing )一直做表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去，并一直持續(xù)到過(guò)去，并且仍在進(jìn)行動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)：(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：時(shí) 體現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般is/am/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould/should be done進(jìn)行is/am/are being donewas/were beingdonewill/shall be beingdon

21、ewould/should be beingdone完成have/has bee n donehad bee ndonewill/shall have bee ndonewould/should have bee ndone完成 進(jìn)行Have/has bee n beingdonehad bee n beingdoneWill/shall have bee nbeing donewould/should have bee nbeing done(1)get+過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng),即get+donee.g. The patie nt got treated once a week. He fell

22、off the car and got killed.(2)主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的一些詞：1感官動(dòng)詞：look, sou nd, feel, smell taste系動(dòng)詞:appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep e.g. The steel feels cold. Hispla n proved (to be) practical.2sth+be+adj to do某事做起來(lái)如何 e.g. The clothes are easy to wash.=The clothes wash easily.3動(dòng)詞nee

23、d,require,want作 需要解時(shí)，其后跟非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作它的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)式。e.g. The window n eeds / requires / wants clea ning / to be clea ned.4worth的主語(yǔ)通常是物，但其后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，不能接不定 式的被動(dòng)式e.g. The book is well worth read ing.注意:be worthy of being done=be worth doingThe book is worthy of being read.5表示被動(dòng)的詞組：u

24、nder+名詞under repair, under treatment, under control, beyond onereach, beyond belief, in print,in sight,on sale, out of control, out of fashion, for sale, for rent(3)不能用于被動(dòng)的詞組.happen, take place, break out, come about, come out,belong to, date backe.g. What has happe ned over there ?How did it come a

25、bout ?真題演練1Im clinagl about the apartment you_ the other day.Could you tell me more about it？AadvertisedBhad advertisedCare advertisingDwill advertise2 Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure.I_ a report at home.Awill be writingBwill have writtenChave writtenDhave been writing3 What about your se

26、lf-drive trip yesterday?Tiring！The road is being widened，and we_ a rough ride.AhadBhaveCwould haveDhave had4Hurry up，kids！The school bus _for us！AwaitsBwas waitingCwaitedDis waiting5On Monday mornings it usually _ me an hour to drive to work although the actualdistance is only 20 miles.AtakesBis tak

27、ingCtookDwill take6Jim _ a late night film at home when，right in the middle of a thrilling scene，thetelevision went blank.AwatchedBhad watchedCwas watchingDwould be watching7Shakespeares play Hamlet _ into at least ten different films over the past years.Ahad been madeBwas madeChas been madeDwould b

28、e made8Hurry up！Mark and Carol _ us.AexpectBare expectingChave expectedDwill expect9 So what is the procedure?All the applicants _ before a final decision is made by the authority.Ainterview Bare interviewing Care interviewedDare being interviewed10He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all，he

29、_ it for a very long time.Ahas hadBhad hadChasDhadA檔 （ 鞏固專練 ）1Whatever you have found，you should give it back to whomever it _.Ais belonged toBis belonging toCbelonged toDbelongs to2Now the worlds attention _ the stock marke，tsas they have a great influence on theworlds economy.Ais fixing onBhas fix

30、ed onCis being fixed onDhad been fixed on3I like these English songs and they _ many times on the radio.AtaughtBhave taughtCare taughtDhave been taught4I would have helped you，but I _ the whole week.Awas really occupiedBreally occupiedChave really occupiedDwill be really occupied5 Tom is so joyful t

31、hat he smiles at everyone.So _ you if you get the first in the exam.AdoBareCwouldDwill6 What were you doing when Lucy _ in yesterday?I had just finished my homework and _ to takea shower.s parents when the first class is over?Ahas hadBhad hadAdropping；startBhad dropped；startedCdropped；have startedDd

32、ropped；was starting7I _ to go for a walk，but someone called and I couldnAwas planningBplannedChad plannedDwould plan8 Mom，where is my lunch pack?Just where it _ .Ahas been Bhad beenCwasDbe9 Will you be able to see JenniferIm afraid not.Ia lecture on British literature in the hall.AtookBis takingAwil

33、l attendBam attendingCwill be attendingDam going to attend10We _for cheap houses but havent found _we like yetAare looking；oneBhave looked；itChave been looking；oneDlooked；themB檔（提升精練）11We are confident that the environment_ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.Ahad been improvedBwill be improv

34、edCis improvedDwas improved12The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers_ one of the mainpipes.Ahad repairedBhave repairedCrepairedDare repairing13Around two oclock every ni，ghSt ue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat_ us.AbothersBhad botheredCwould bother14If nothing_，

35、the oceans will turn into fish deserts.AdoesBhad been doneCwill doDis done15 I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.Im so sorry.But I_ my homework.Ahad doneBwas doingCwould doDam doing16 Oh no！Were too late.The train_.Thats OK.Well catch the next train to London.Awas l

36、eavingBhad leftChas leftDhas been leaving17The girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the lastthree years.DbotheredCtakesDhas been taking18I felt very tired when I got home，and I _ straight to bed.AgoBwentChad goneDhave gone19The letters for the boss_ _ on his d

37、esk but he didnt read them until three days later.Awere putBwas putCputDhas put20I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I _ to Shanghai.Awill be flyingBwill flyChave been flyingDhave flownC檔（跨越導(dǎo)練）21 When did you move to Qionghai?In 2009.But I _in Haikou for many years.Ahave workedBwould workChave been workingDworked22Who do you think _ for the accident?Ato blameBto