新編大學(xué)英語第二版 第一冊Unit4教參

1、Unit 4Fresh StartUseful Information As teachers, we all greet each new school year with feelings of anticipation, excitement, and even a bit of apprehension as we wonder what our new groups of students will be like. Will they be ambitious and interested learners ready to absorb new words and ideas t

2、o make them their own, or will we have to prod and push them to learn the new materials to which they are being introduced? Sometimes, in fact often, a class will have a mixture of both kinds of students.In the teaching profession, unlike many other professions, we have the opportunity to make a fre

3、sh start each year, indeed each semester. We have the leisure to consider what went right and what went wrong in the previous classes; we can also try slightly different methods of teaching，repeating them in the future if they work and discarding them if they dont. In this respect teachers are fortu

4、nate indeed.What about the students? If they are freshmen, they have many apprehensions and many tensions. They are having to make adjustments to dormitory life, no small thing for many of them. They also are now away from a secure base of family and friends and are hoping that they can make new fri

5、ends with whom they can share their hopes and fears. Probably they are most apprehensive about whether or not they can succeed in college, and they may be quite worried as to whether or not they will be able to succeed in this English class. Actually the English classroom can be a place where studen

6、ts apprehensions are eased. In small group discussions they can be encouraged to talk about themselves, their beliefs, and even their fears. The students in the small groups can be very supportive of one another if they are encouraged to be so. Often, praise from peers can mean more to students than

7、 praise from their teachers because they are insecure in their social relationships. Students can also express some of their concerns through writing assignments. Often just writing down something that is bothersome can make an individual feel better. It would be wonderful if we could make the Engli

8、sh class a place that students look forward to entering. It is not impossible to have this happen, and we teachers can think about what we can do to make it so.In a sense, each day is a new beginning for both students and teacher, a time when a fresh start can be made. We all have had class sessions

9、 that didnt go exactly as we would have liked. The beauty of teaching is that we can think about how we can keep that from happening again. To live and to be active means that we will all make mistakes. We can learn not to be crushed by our mistakes but to learn from them, and it is essential that w

10、e help our students to learn this, too. If we can find positive things to say to a student who has had a “bad day,” we can help him to realize that he can make a fresh start during the next class and probably will do better. We teachers already know this, but sometimes it doesnt hurt that we remind

11、ourselves of the fact. If students seek help from us, we can aid them in making their fresh starts, even though sometimes we wonder if we have the time to do so. Then, with their individual successes, we will feel and, indeed, be successful too. Philosophers and poets have also recognized the import

12、ance of fresh starts, or beginnings. The 5th century B.C. Greek philosopher Plato stated that “the beginning is the most important part of the work.” John Dryden, the 17th century British poet, reminded his readers of the importance of beginnings both in nature and in art, when he wrote:“By viewing

13、Nature, Natures handmaid Art,Makes mighty things from small beginnings grow.”Part One Preparation1. A Freshmans AlphabetA is for the ASSIGNMENTS that the teachers give us.B is for the BOOKS that I enjoy reading.C is for the CAMPUS where most students live.D is for the DORM that I share with my roomm

14、ates.E is for the EXAMS that give me headaches.F is for the FRIENDS whom Im glad to stay with.G is for the GRAMMAR that I learn in the English class.H is for the HOBBIES of mine, such as playing tennis.I is for the INFORMATION that I get from the Internet.J is for the JOB that I want to get after I

15、graduate from college.K is for the KNOWLEDGE that we are gaining in school.L is for the LIBRARY where we can borrow books.M is for the MAJOR of mine - business.N is for the NOTES that I take in class.O is for the OK that I say to my mother over the phone.P is for the PROFESSORS who give us lectures.

16、Q is for the QUIZZES that teachers give us now and then.R is for the REPORTS that we write after we have done research.S is for the SCHOLARSHIPS that I hope to win.T is for the TUITION that my parents pay for my education.U is for the UNIVERSITIES that give us the chance for higher education.V is fo

17、r the VACATIONS that Im looking forward to.W is for the WEEKENDS when I can relax myself.X is for the XMAS CARDS that I will receive from my friends in December.Y is for the YAHOO that we like to visit on the Internet.Z is for the ZOO where we can learn about all kinds of animals.Supplementary Activ

18、ity The teacher can ask the students to work in pairs and prepare a short speech entitled “A Freshmans School Life”. They can do it either in class or after class. Ask them to use as many words from the Freshmans Alphabet as possible.Sample:Im a freshman at Zhejiang University. My major is Economics

19、. I have been on campus for about two months, and Im living in a dorm which is close to the library of the university. So far I have been enjoying my new life except that sometimes I worry about the mid-term and final exams. The professors stress almost every time that our students primary purpose h

20、ere is to gain as much knowledge as possible. We should attend class regularly and take good notes; we should hand in our assignments on time; we should read all the books we need to read and write neat reports with few mistakes in grammar; and the results of quizzes will account for part of our gra

21、des. Usually we are very busy during the week. But on weekends we can devote some time to our own hobbies. The thing I like to do most is to surf the Internet, to visit web sites like Yahoo for the kind of information Im interested in. I also like to visit the zoo in my spare time and get to know ma

22、ny animals and birds I havent seen before. Some students make use of their spare time to do some part-time jobs. They say they have to earn their own tuition. I think Id better work hard to win a scholarship and finance myself. Now Christmas is coming. I want to send some Xmas cards to my old friend

23、s. I miss them very much and hope to see them again in the winter vacation. But above all, I hope I will be Ok in the finals. 2. A Letter from CollegeSTEP ONESample:1) The letter is intended to tell her mom that everything is OK in school, but money is badly needed. The daughter dots the letter with

24、 a lot of $s, the symbol of money, to indicate the real intention of the letter. Obviously, Susan is asking for money from her mother in a very tricky way.2) It can be seen that the mother has seen through her daughters trick. In a similar way she dots her letter with NOs, suggesting that she turns

25、down Susans request and encourages her to study hard. STEP TWOSamples:- I usually call home on weekends to say hi to my parents.- I will call home whenever I miss my parents.- Once I wrote home about my new girlfriend/boyfriend.- I couldnt help calling home when I fell ill.- I write home once a mont

26、h telling my parents about my school life.- Sometimes I called home just because I wanted to tell them that I was short of money.- I often write to my parents for their advice.- As soon as I learned that I had got a good grade, I called my parents.- Once I called my parents after I had failed an exa

27、m. I felt much better afterwards.- Just yesterday I called my mother and said “Happy Birthday!” to her.Part Two Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class ReadingII. Pre-ReadingSample 1I felt excited when I came to the campus for the first time. It was so big and beautiful tall buildings, lovely flowers an

28、d trees, and grand lawns. Welcoming slogans could be seen here and there. And inspiring music from the loudspeakers added to my excitement. Spacious as it is, the campus was crowded by freshmen like me, their busy parents, teachers and old students who were helping with our registration. Suddenly I

29、felt that I was no longer my moms baby; I was an adult! I was overwhelmed with pride and excitement.Sample 2I felt at a loss when I first came to the university. The campus was so big that I was afraid I would get lost if left alone. It seemed to be messy and noisy everywhere, with thousands of peop

30、le coming and going. I felt a little dizzy and tired after a whole days journey by train. All I could do was to follow my parents here and there, not knowing what to do and what to say.Sample 3I still remember the day when I first came to the university. After the registration my parents left and I

31、found myself standing alone in a place I had never been before. It seemed that everyone on campus was watching me. I was feeling so ill at ease that I even found it difficult to gather myself. When I came back to my dorm, my roommates were busy making their beds. I just sat there and began to think

32、of my parents. The sense of loneliness was so strong that I thought I was going to cry.III. Passage ReadingWords, Phrases and Grammatical Points1. keep my ears open and my mouth shut ( l. 4 )這是keep帶形容詞或過去分詞作賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)。 e.g. I) My job keeps me really busy.II) Take my overcoat. It will keep you warm. II

33、I) There were toys to keep the kids amused. IV) Its hard to keep the house clean with three kids.2. Once I was in the room ( l. 6 ) The word “once” here is a conjunction which means “as soon as, from the moment when (一旦，一便)”. e.g. I) Once she arrives, we can start. II) Once Ive found somewhere to li

34、ve, Ill send you my address. III) Once inside her apartment she felt an urge to brush her teeth.3. So off to the cafeteria I went. ( l. 25 ) 這里是將off to the cafeteria 前置。前置的意圖是強調(diào)了戲劇性場面的發(fā)生地the cafeteria。4. instead he turned around. ( l. 30 ) The word “instead” means “in place of someone or something e

35、lse that has been mentioned.” e.g. I) We didnt have enough money for a movie, so we went to the park instead.II) Jim didnt join the navy (海軍). Instead, he decided to become an actor. The phrase “instead of (someone or something)” means “in place of (someone or something)”. e.g. I) I should be at sch

36、ool instead of lying here in bed. II) You probably picked up my keys instead of yours.課內(nèi)閱讀參考譯文新的開端1 當(dāng)我父母開車離去，留下我可憐巴巴地站在停車場上時，我開始尋思我在校園里該做什么。我決定我最想做的就是平安無事地回到寢室。我感到似乎校園里的每個人都在看我。我打定主意：豎起耳朵，閉上嘴巴，但愿別人不知道我是個新生。2 第二天早上我找到了上第一堂課的教室，大步走了進去。然而，進了教室，我又碰到了一個難題。坐哪兒呢？猶豫再三，我挑了第一排邊上的一個座位。3 “歡迎你們來聽生物101課，”教授開始了開場白

37、。天哪，我還以為這里是文學(xué)課！我的脖子上冒出了冷汗，摸出課程表核對了一下教室號碼 我走對了教室卻走錯了教學(xué)樓。4 怎么辦？上課期間就站起來走出去？教授會不會生氣？大家肯定會盯著我看。算了吧。我還是穩(wěn)在座位上，盡力使自己看起來和生物專業(yè)的學(xué)生一樣認真。5 下了課我覺得有點餓，便趕忙去自助食堂。我往托盤里裝了些三明治就朝座位走去，就在這時，我無意中踩到了一大灘番茄醬。手中的托盤傾斜了，我失去了平衡。就在我屁股著地的剎那間，我看見自己整個人生在眼前一閃而過，然后終止在大學(xué)上課的第一天。6 摔倒后的幾秒鐘里，我想要是沒有人看見我剛才的窘相該有多好。但是，食堂里所有的學(xué)生都站了起來，歡呼鼓掌，我知道他們

38、不僅看見了剛才的情景，而且下決心要我永遠都不會忘掉那一幕。7 接下來的三天里，我獨自品嘗羞辱，用以果腹的也只是沒有營養(yǎng)的食品，是從安放在房間外的機器上買來的。到了第四天，我感到自己極需補充一些真正的食物。興許三天時間已經(jīng)足以讓校園里的人把我忘在腦后。于是我去了食堂。8 我好不容易地排隊取了食物，踮腳走到一張桌子前坐下。突然我聽到一陣熟悉的嘩啦跌倒聲。抬頭看見一個可憐的家伙遭遇了和我原先一樣的命運。當(dāng)人們開始像對待我那樣歡呼鼓掌的時候，我對他滿懷同情。他站起身，咧嘴大笑，雙手緊握高舉在頭頂上，做出勝利的姿勢。我料想他會像我一樣溜出食堂，可他卻轉(zhuǎn)身重新裝一盤食物。就在那一刻，我意識到我對自己過于認

39、真了。9 我是否摔了個托盤，坐在教室的哪個位置，甚至于是否走錯了教室，有誰會在乎呢？沒有人在乎。這不像中學(xué)。在大學(xué)里，這些都無關(guān)緊要。我完全可以按自己的意愿行事。10 一旦意識到我不必考慮別人的期望，只要自己滿意就行，我感到釋然。我開始把大學(xué)看作一個美妙的實驗。我稍稍改變了自己的穿著，開始欣賞爵士樂，還認定自己喜歡光著腳走路。11 在以后的大學(xué)生活里，我不再試圖做出什么姿態(tài)，而是順其自然。大學(xué)，在我看來，也許是唯一一個有錯誤可以完全諒解的階段（包括踩到番茄醬，摔了托盤）。于是，我利用這個機會來體驗我認為自己可能會犯的所有過失。12 大學(xué)畢業(yè)已經(jīng)三年了，我仍然時有過失。其中的一些過失我還得到了原

40、諒。IV. Post-ReadingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the TextI. Introduction (Para.1)How I felt the first day on campus after my parents had left. II. Mistakes I made on my first class day and my reaction (Para.27)A) The first mistake I made: I went to a wrong class. (Para.24)

41、B) The second mistake I made: I stepped in a puddle of ketchup, dropped the food tray and fell to the ground. (Para.56)C) My reaction: I avoided going to/dining in the cafeteria for 3 days, feeling ashamed. (Para.7)III. The mistake made by another college student: he also dropped the food tray and f

42、ell to the ground. And his reaction to it: he seemed to feel that nothing serious had happened. (Para.8)IV. My thoughts on making mistakes (Para.912)A) It didnt matter if one made mistakes in college. (Para.911)B) Making mistakes is forgivable even after graduation. (Para.12)2. Understanding Specifi

43、c Information1) No, that was just the way the narrator felt. Because he/she was self-conscious and shy.2) He/she probably wanted to be out of the professors direct line of vision.3) Literature.4) Most biology majors are serious. 5) A) Here “it” refers to “my entire life”.B) It was a miserable day.6)

44、 Here “it” refers to the miserable and embarrassing moment.7) Because he/she was afraid that other students might recognize him/her and make fun of him/her.8) Dropping the food tray and falling to the ground.9) Because he took it as nothing serious.10) Whether you drop a tray, where you sit, or whet

45、her you show up in the wrong lecture, etc.11) Mistakes.12) Making mistakes is not so serious as one might think.3. Group DiscussionSample 1On the afternoon of the day I came to college, I saw my parents off and went back to the campus. I found my dorm and walked in. Settling into my bed as I was tir

46、ed, I reached for the cup on the desk when I sensed something strange. Two persons in the room were staring at me, puzzled. I can still remember I was a bit shocked at that moment. Who were they? I jumped out of bed, puzzled, too. Why were they staring at me like that? But in a few seconds I realize

47、d what had happened: I had come to the right room but the wrong building. I flushed and apologized in a clumsy way. The two guys seemed to be amused. They told me that they were also freshmen and that I was welcome to their dorm anytime I liked. I said thanks and then fled.Sample 2It happened about

48、a week after I came to college. Just as I got out of the library building, I found that I had taken someone elses bag. How foolish! I could imagine the bag owner cursing me. I hurried back to the library to find that the guy was already in the librarians office with an angry look. The moment he saw

49、his bag he smiled with relief. I apologized for my mistake and waited for his sharp words. To my surprise, he patted me on my back and said in a friendly way, “Dont worry, I have made the same mistake once, too.” Sample 3 I made a serious mistake on my first English test. I forgot to put my name on

50、my paper. My teacher didnt blame me but told me to avoid repeating the same mistake. It was a good lesson for me and I learned to be very careful when it came to details. Vocabulary1. 1) taste 2) rearing 3) tips 4) taste 5) settled 6) major 7) lot, lot 8) rear 9) settle 10) major 11) settled 12) tip

51、2. 1) tray 2) view 3) clasped/clasps 4) relax 5) crashed 6) schedule 7) slip 8) groped 9) completely 10) grinned 11) opportunities 12) hesitationTranslation1) Its far too hot in the room; open the window, please!2) The noise woke us up in the middle of the night.3) He shouldnt have been angry at wha

52、t I said. It was nothing more than a joke.4) We invited all our friends to the picnic but it rained and only five of them showed up.5) She views marriage as a serious matter.6) To my disappointment, the movie didnt live up to my expectations.課外閱讀 I參考譯文做一個成功的學(xué)生1 你終于上了大學(xué)。你被錄取了，而且已經(jīng)在校園里住了一段時間?，F(xiàn)在你開始問自己：

53、“怎樣才能成為一名成功的學(xué)生？” “成功的學(xué)生有什么特點？” 要回答這些問題，你最好先牢記以下的忠告：2 自律 不要把你每周要閱讀的東西留到最后一個晚上才看。要想成功，你必須約束自己（當(dāng)然如果你不這樣做，也不會有人責(zé)備你），并制定一個常備不懈的時間表。3 建設(shè)性地思考 你必須對自己有信心，這樣你才能把可能的挫折轉(zhuǎn)變成對學(xué)習(xí)有利的局面。如果你相信自己能做得更好，并且努力去做，那么，總體上你會做得更好。4 對自己所學(xué)的科目感興趣 即便你認為某一門課無聊透頂，你也必須強迫自己對它感興趣。選出一個小的知識點，盡可能多地閱讀相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，使自己成為這小部分知識的專家。這種對局部的興趣可以使你對整個課程產(chǎn)生

54、興趣。5 做好筆記，經(jīng)常復(fù)習(xí) 大學(xué)考試不多（通常不超過兩三次，外加期末考試），考試往往會涉及一大段時間里所學(xué)的內(nèi)容。只有通過記筆記，不斷復(fù)習(xí)記下來的東西，你才能有效地學(xué)習(xí)，通過考試。6 及時尋求幫助，以免貽誤時機 如果你有特別的困難，就應(yīng)大膽地尋求幫助?？梢匀フ夷愕睦蠋?、導(dǎo)師，找任何你認為可以幫助你的人。重要的是，你得知道哪兒可以得到幫助。大多數(shù)學(xué)校能幫學(xué)生得到錢學(xué)生貸款、獎學(xué)金、助學(xué)金或勤工儉學(xué)的項目。先了解清楚自己學(xué)校可提供什么幫助，必要時就可以獲得幫助。7 不缺課，課堂表現(xiàn)活躍 不缺課，按時上課是你學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度認真的重要表現(xiàn)。你還應(yīng)該積極參與課堂討論，按時交作業(yè)。課堂發(fā)言能促使你認真思考討論

55、的內(nèi)容，并且使你對它保持興趣。8 正確對待大學(xué)生活 認識清楚自己的強項和弱點，了解大學(xué)能夠為你做什么，不能為你做什么。要對自己的教育負起責(zé)任來。你應(yīng)該認識到，上大學(xué)給了你成功和教育的原材料 圖書館、教師、課本。然而，只有你本人才能教育你自己。好好利用你身邊的資源，根據(jù)自己的需要最大程度地去利用這些資源。9 掌握成功的“秘訣” 確保自己知道如何學(xué)習(xí)、做筆記、考試以及合理地使用時間。確保你知道如何使用可供參考的資源，如圖書館。培養(yǎng)自己的記憶能力。與老師、同學(xué)保持良好的關(guān)系。懂得自如地表達自己，聆聽他人。從經(jīng)驗中吸取教訓(xùn)?？偸菍で蠼鉀Q問題的更好途徑。10 你如果照以上的忠告去做，你也許不會必然地成為

56、一個成功的學(xué)生，但是你肯定是走在通往成功的正確道路上。課外閱讀 II參考譯文大學(xué)一個新的開端1 “上午早些時候，我與一位同事通電話。他告訴我說，我今天不該來辦公室，因為正是新生入學(xué)的時候，校園里一切都亂套了。他說得沒錯。真的是一團糟。校園里有幾百輛車，載著汗流浹背的新生，他們的家人，還有許多行李。做父母的為什么時候停車、在哪里停車、是否要停車爭執(zhí)不停。校警竭盡全力指揮交通，但是他們知道，今天不得不允許人們違反一些規(guī)則了。這是一年中最忙亂的日子，這毫無疑問。這也是我最喜歡的日子?！? 這是夏洛特·J·帕特森在最近的迎新致辭中的開場白。作為弗吉尼亞大學(xué)的一位心理學(xué)教授，帕特森非

57、常了解新生：了解他們的希望、夢想和顧慮。在開學(xué)的這一天成為大學(xué)一年級學(xué)生意味著什么？帕特森教授認為它意味著一個嶄新的開端。她接著說：3 “它使我想起了積雪消融的早春時節(jié)。你無論踩到哪里都會濺起水花。但即便是又冷又濕，我也無法使自己怨恨那些日子，因為它們預(yù)示著春天的到來。新生的到來給學(xué)校帶來一團糟，但我同樣無法討厭這件事。新生來到鎮(zhèn)上，就像綠色的新苗從四處冒出來，尋找陽光。當(dāng)他們的臉從宿舍的窗戶里探出來時，就好像古老的大樹上綻出的新芽。也許有人會擔(dān)心陽光是否充足, 土壤是否肥沃, 霜凍是否降臨, 但是對幼苗和大學(xué)新生來說, 能夠存活，能夠跨進大學(xué)的校門, 就足夠了。4 “是的，今天是新生活的開始。昨天你們還是媽媽的孩子，住在家里； 今天，你們已經(jīng)是大學(xué)的新生，開始獨立生活了?！靶律?！” 我喜歡這個稱呼。這個稱呼本身讓人想到一個問題。我們在讀這個詞時，應(yīng)該把重音放在“新”上呢，還是放在“生”上？怎么讀都可以。無論你把成年看作是人生的旅程還是終點，今天無疑是你們?nèi)松缆飞系囊淮蟛?。新生的歡喜和新生的憂愁都掛在我周圍每一張年輕的臉上。5 “大學(xué)是令人激奮的時期，也許是你一生中最開心的時光。但同時也是進行不少重大調(diào)整和經(jīng)歷一些挫敗的時期。如今