(完整word版)八年級英語語法點及重點短語

1、八年級重點語法句型語法：1、動詞1)情態(tài)動詞(modal verbs)情態(tài)動詞可以用來表示“提議”、 “建議”或“請求”等。情態(tài)動詞should 作“應該；應當；可以”講，用以表達職責和義務、提出勸告，而且表述的是自己的主觀看法。其后動詞接原型。例如：a 用于表示 應該 或 不應該的概念。此時常指長輩教導或責備晚輩。例如：You should be here with clean hands 你應該把手洗干凈了再來。b 用于提出意見勸導別人。例如：You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.如果你感覺不舒服，你最好去看醫(yī)生。c 用于表示可能性。sho

2、uld 的這一用法是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點之一。例如：We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。She should be here any moment.她隨時者 B 可能來。情態(tài)動詞could 用于有禮貌地向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆蠡蛘埱?。a. 表示“能力”或“可能性”，作為 can 的過去形式。如：Could you speak English then？那時你能講英語嗎？He said he couldnt follow me. 他說他跟不上我。b. 表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等情緒。如：Who could have taken them？誰會把它們拿走了呢

3、？She couldnt have left so soon. 她不可能這么快就走了。在這種情況下，could和can是可以換用的，用could時口氣較緩和，用can時不 相信的程度更強一些，兩者在時間上沒有差別。c. 比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。如： Could you let me have your passport? Yes, here it is.看看你的護照好嗎？行，這就是。I could come earlier, if necessary.如果必要我可以早點來。這時could和can沒有時間上的差別。2、過去進行時(past progressive tens)e1)過去進

4、行時的定義過去進行時主要表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作，或表示過去某一階段一直在進行的動作。如：I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那時，我正在跟李華談話。I was watching TV at home last night. 昨晚我一直在看電視。2)過去進行時的結(jié)構(gòu)過去進行時由“was / were + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。如：I was doing my lessons then.那時，我在做功課。We were cleaning the house.我們在打掃房子。3)使用過去進行時應注意的幾點(1) 過去進行時可表示按計劃、安排過

5、去某時刻將要發(fā)生的動作。如：He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon. 他說他今天下午要去北京。(2)動詞hope, wonder等的過去進行時常用來表示提出要求，雖然表示現(xiàn)在的內(nèi)容，但語氣比一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時要委婉。如：I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否過來跟我們一起活動 ?(3)過去進行時中有 always, forever, continually, constantly修飾時，表示說話 人的贊賞或厭煩的感情。如：He was always t

6、hinking of others. 他總是想到人家。3、現(xiàn)在完成時(present perfect tense)1)表示截止現(xiàn)在業(yè)已完成的動作By now, I have collected all the data that I need到現(xiàn)在為止，我已收集到了我所需 的全部資料。She has read 150 pages toda她今天已看了 150 頁。We havent met for many years我們已多年沒見了。They have developed a new product們研制成功了種新產(chǎn)品。2）表示發(fā)生在過去而對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響、帶來結(jié)果的動作Have you ha

7、d your dinner? 你吃晚飯了嗎?She has been to the United States她已去美國了。You have grown much taller.爾長高了 許多。3）表示過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能還要延續(xù)It has been five years since he joined the army. 參軍五年了。They have learned English for eight years他們已學了/l 年的英語了。So far weve only discussed the first five chapters!今我們還只討論了 前五章。3、連詞

8、both and:表示“兩者都”。注意：當bothand連接主語時，后面動詞一般要用復數(shù)。如：Both Lily and Lucy are right.not only but also: 不僅而且”。注意：后面動詞采用就近原則，與but also后的詞保持一致。如： Not only my parents but also my brother likes the cat. either-or: 或者或者”。注意謂語動詞采用就近原則。如：Either youor I am wrong. neither-nor: “既不也不 是“eitheror的否定形式。謂語動詞采用就近原則，與nor 后的

9、詞保持一致。如： Neither you nor he is right.4、狀語從句狀語從句專題句法重點狀語從句是中考詞匯和句法部分考查的重點內(nèi)容之一。狀語的功用：狀語說明地 點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步等在復習狀語從句時,主要任務是弄清楚引導各種狀語從句的連詞的用法?，F(xiàn)就主要考查點簡述如下:1 .引導時間狀語從句的連詞主要有 when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until, as soon a等。其中when while和as都可表示當時候，但用法有區(qū)別：when意為在時；當時，可表示點時間或段時間，從

10、何謂語可以是終止性動詞,也可以是延續(xù)性動詞。例如:When I got home, he was having supper.as意為邊邊或與同時，重在表示兩個動作同時發(fā)生。伴隨 進行。as從何是終止性動詞時，主句通常也必須是終止性動詞。例如：They sang as they danced. while 只可表示 段時間,從句謂語只限于延續(xù)性動詞。例如:While I was sleeping, my father came in.注:從何謂語是持續(xù)性動詞時，when、while和as可以互換2 .引導原因狀語從句的連詞原因狀語從句一般由 because,since, as, for 弓I導

11、印意 as,because,since口 for的區(qū)別 :如果原因是構(gòu)成句子的最主要部分，一般用because because引導的從句一般不放在句子的開頭。例如:I missed the train because I got up late.注:對于以why開頭的問句，一般只能用because導的從何來回答。如果原因已為人們所知，或不如句子的其余部分重要，就用as或since since 比as稍微正式一些。as和since引導的從旬一般放在句子的開頭。例如：As he was not well,I decided to go there without him.Since this me

12、thod doesnt work, lets try another. for 表示所說的理由是一種補充說明, 因此,for 引導的從句可以放在括號里,而且 for 引導的從句一般不放在句子的開頭。例如:I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry.3 .引導結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞主要有 so/such that,so that 等。1) sothat結(jié)構(gòu)在某種情況下可以與 enough to和tooto結(jié)構(gòu)相互轉(zhuǎn)換。例 如:She is so short that she cant reach the butto

13、ns of the lift. =She is too short to reach the buttons of the lift.2)so that也可以引導結(jié)果狀語從何，意為”結(jié)果是；以致于。例如：They missed the bus so that they were late for class. sothat.：句型的意思是“如此/這么以致于”，常引導結(jié)果狀語從句，但“sothat”是個愛”變臉”句型，你一不留意就會出錯。 “ so.that.”句型及其轉(zhuǎn)換也是中考的熱點，現(xiàn)將其用法總結(jié)歸納如下，讓我們一起來看看它是怎樣變的吧。注意：sothat.句型中的so是副詞，常常用來修飾

14、形容詞或副詞，常用句型為： 主語+謂語+so+adj. / adv. + that從旬。例如：1. he is so young that she cant look after herself.2. The boy ran so fast that I couldnt catch him.3. He was so angry that he couldnt say a word.在“suchthat.句型中，such修飾名詞，意思也是“如此以致于”但當名詞前有many、 much、 (a) few、 (a) little 等詞修飾時，句子中要用“ so.that.”而不能用“such.tha

15、t.”. 。例如：1. He has so much money that he can buy what he wanted.2. Ive had so many falls that I have pains here and there.3. There is litte water in the glass that I cant drink any more.4. 引導目的狀語從句的連詞so that也可引導目的狀語從句，此時可用to或in order to替換，將其改為簡單句。例如 :He got up early so that he could get to school on

16、 time. =He got up early to get to school on time. =In order to get to school on time,he got up early.5. 引導讓步狀語從句的連詞though, although注意： 當有though, although時，后面的從何不能有 but,但是though和yet 可連用Although its raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢e is very old, but he still works very ha

17、rd.雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。（諺語）6. 引導條件狀語從句的連詞要點： 表示狀語從句由連詞if, unless （=if not） 引導。6.1 f it doesn t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨, 我們就去遠足.2.You will get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力學習,就會取得好成績.3.I will go to the party unless he goe

18、s there too.我不會去參加聚會的, 除非他也去.（如果他不去,我也不去.）難點提示：用條件狀語從句時要注意時態(tài)的正確使用,當主句是將來時的時候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時.7引導地點狀語從句的連詞（1）地點狀語從何由 where, wherever,引導，如：We must camp where we can get water.我們必須在能找到水的地方露營。（ 2）地點狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別where引導定語從何時，從旬前應有一個表示地點的名詞作先行詞；而狀語從何前則無需先行詞。如：Go back where you came from.（whe|導地點X犬語從句 ）你從何處來到何處去。

19、Go back to the village where you came from.（whereH導定語從句, 修飾 village）回到你來的那個村子里去重點語法：一般將來時態(tài)的應用do/does 的一般將來時態(tài)形式：(shall/will) dodo/does 的一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：(shall/will) be done一般將來時態(tài)的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句：People (will not/wont) have robots in a few years.一般疑問句例句：Wil

20、l people have robots in a few years?特殊疑問句例句：What will people have in a few years?重點語法：過去將來時態(tài)(將來時態(tài)的委婉說法)do/does 的過去將來時態(tài)形式：(should/would) dodo/does 的過去將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：(should/would) be done過去將來時態(tài)的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.否定句例句：You shouldnt write a letter to him.一般疑問句例句：Should I w

21、rite a letter to him?特殊疑問句例句：What should I do?重點語法：過去進行時態(tài)do/does 的過去進行時態(tài)形式：(was/were) doingdo/does 的過去進行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：(was/were) being done過去將來時態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.否定句例句：I wasnt walking down the street when a UFO landed.一般疑問句例句：Were you walking down the st

22、reet when a UFO landed?特殊疑問句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?動詞 when 和 while 的選擇： when 后加瞬間動詞，while 后加延續(xù)性動詞。例句： The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)： (1) How + adj. + the + 主語 + 謂語動詞=(2) What + (a/an) + adj.

23、+ n. + 主語 + 謂語動詞 例句： What a beautiful flower it is!=How beautiful the flower is!What beautiful flowers they are!=How beautiful the flowers are!重點語法：賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ 謂語動詞+ 賓語從句（主語+ 謂語動詞+ 賓語/表語）例句： Im good at English. He says. （改為加賓語從句的復合句）He says Im good at English.注意：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，賓語從句的時態(tài)不受其影響。例句： He says Im

24、good at English now.He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.主句是過去時態(tài)，賓語從句也要用過去時態(tài)。例句： He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.He said I was good at English now yesterday.賓語從句是客觀真理時永遠用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例句： Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.Our teacher said the sun gives us so ma

25、ny energy yesterday.動詞原形不能作主語，必須用其-ing形式。例句： She said helping others changed her life.重點語法：if 引導的條件狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+ if + 條件狀語從句if + 條件狀語從句+ （comma） + 主句注意：在if 引導的條件狀語從句中，主句應用將來時態(tài)，狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例句： Youll have a great time if you go to the party.=If you go to the party, youll have a great time.重點語法：現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)do

26、/does 的現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)形式：have/has been doingdo/does 的現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：have/has been being done現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)所應用的場合：某事從過去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在都在做過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響例：我已上了三年初中。I have been in Junior School for 3 years.自從那次他與我談過心后，我天天都在進步。I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：肯定句例句：I have

27、been skating for five hours.否定句例句：I havent been skating for five hours.一般疑問句例句：Have you been skating for five hours?特殊疑問句例句：How long have you been skating?注意：瞬間動詞不能和一段時間連用。重點語法：mind ones doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事重點語法：詢問別人為什么要做或者不做某事why dont you do sth. = why not do sth.例句： Why dont you get her a camera?

28、= Why not get her a camera?what about = how about例句： How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?重點語法：現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)do/does 的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)形式：(have/has) donedo/does 的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：(have/has) been done現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)主要強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響。例句：我去年去過美國，那是我第一次出國。I have ever been to America. Its the first time for me to

29、go abroad.重點句型短語in five yearson computeron paperlive inas a reporterfree timefall in love with like doing sthkeep a parrotwant sb. to do sth.play one s stereostay at homeargue with sb / have an argument with sb.be out of stylewrite sb a letter/write totalk abouton the phonesurprise sb.pay forget a p

30、art-time jobborrow sth. from sb.get out (of)in front of / in the front oftake offbuy forland onshout to / atrun awaycome inhear aboutthe Museum of Flighthappen tostop doingtake placeas. asfirst of allpass onbe supposed todo better inbe in good healthreport cardget overopen upcare forhave a party for

31、 sb.be mad at sball the time一直，始終in order to為了have a party舉行聚會go to college 上大學be famous for因而著稱in fact事實上laugh at嘲笑too much太多get exercise鍛煉travel around the world 周游世界努力工作work hardwear jeans穿牛仔褲get an education獲得教育in factrun out of 用完；用盡用盡by the way順便；附帶說說be interested in對感興趣more than比多make a list

32、of列清單thanks for doing sth. 感謝某人做了某事think of / about sth. 想起某事not at all一點也不turn down調(diào)節(jié)（收音機等）使音量變小right away立刻；馬上wait in line排隊等候cut in line插隊keep down控制首先at firstbreak the rule不服從；不遵守put out熄滅put onpick up撿起even if即使fall asleep入睡give awayrather than贈送勝于hear of 聽說take an interest in 對感興趣make friends

33、with 與交友Unitl :When was she born?She was born in 1996.How long did David stand in a box of ice?When did he start writing?How old was Mo Yan when he left school?Why was he famous?/what made him famous?with great talentstreet artistpaint pictures on the groundget in troublewin the Nobel Prize in Liter

34、atureexpect to do sth.all over the worldpen name ;real namebe born into a farmer s familydrop out of schooltry every means to do sth.with sth.(no more books) at handHe read it _so many timeslhat he found several mistakes in it.join the armybecome famousbe made into a filmbecome interested in his wor

35、ksshort storytoo to ride a bikespend time with sb.（spendM它用法） win a skating competition enjoy doing sth.become seriously illhave bad healthkeep on doing sth.take piano lessonsgive concertstouch the heart of sb.break uppersonal informationWhat do you think of our school?kind of stricthappen to sb.fee

36、l unsure of stha good starting pointturn to sb.more and more+adjwalk through the doorcome overhave a secret feeling of fearstand in a cornerhelp sb. do sth.pass the timemake small talkwait in linebreak the icedepend ongive sb. a chance to do sth.on vacationtrek through the jungletake it easyin gener

37、alsome dayas soon as possiblecome truethousands ofso thatquite a fewon the other handhold on to one s dreamin the futureI like places where the weather is always warm.Where would you like to go？in this seasonat this time of yearIt s convenient to do sth.take the underground trainpack light clothespr

38、ovide sth. for sb. /provide sb. with sth.be willing to do sth.achieve one s dreamfind it difficult to do sth.the secret to language learningbe afraid to do sth.body languagethe expressions on the faceskey wordsbe interested inlook up the word in the dictionaryask sb. for help work with friends make

39、word cards listen to tapes How do you study for a test? I study by improve my speaking skills spoken EnglishIt s hard to do sth.give a report get the main idea at firstword by wordIt takes time.The more you read, the faster you ll be. because of poor pronunciation fall in love withhave a better understanding of sth.be born withhave sth. in commonget boredtake notesdraw mind mapsthe Lantern Festivalthe Dragon Boat Festivalthe Water Festival eat five meals a dayput on five poundslose weightin two weeks be similar to.throw water at each otherin the shape of.folk stor