狀語從句用法講解和練習(xí)0001

1、第章狀語從句學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo),分別狀語從句在句子中作狀語，用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類 表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多但由于狀語從句與漢語結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似 ，所以理解和掌握它并不難。 狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句的常用連接詞?，F(xiàn)分別列舉如下:狀語從句分九類：從句種類主要從屬連詞1時間狀語從句whe n, while, as, before, after, un til, till, whenever2條件狀語從句if, uni ess3目的狀語從句in order that, so that4結(jié)果狀語從句so that, such that

2、, so that, so5原因狀語從句because, as, since6讓步狀語從句although, though, eve n though(if), while7方式狀語從句as if, as though8地點狀語從句where, wherever9比較狀語從句tha n, as在這一章節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)中，要求同學(xué)們掌握各類狀語從句基本概念，并能夠靈活應(yīng)用。 第一節(jié)時間狀語從句1.時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。連接時間狀語從句的連接詞有：when（當(dāng)?shù)臅r候），while （當(dāng)?shù)臅r候），as（當(dāng)?shù)臅r候），once（ 一旦），till（ until）（直到 ，直到 才），by the t

3、ime（ 到 時），as soon as （ 就）the moment（ 就）. since（ 自從 ）.before（ 在前）.after（ 在后）2. when, while , as均可表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”。when強調(diào)“特定時間”，表示主句謂語動詞的動作與從句謂語動詞的動作是同 時發(fā)生的，或從句的動作發(fā)生在主句的動作之前；while表示的時間是一段，而不是一點，as多用在口語中，強調(diào)“同一時間”或“一前一后”，有時還有“隨著”的含義。/come back tomorrow .我明天回來后會繼續(xù)r II go on with the work whe n做我的工作。When spring c

4、ame, he felt like a trip.春天來了，他想去旅游。as和when引導(dǎo)的從句As spring warms the good earth ，all flowers beg in to bloom . (as 有“隨 著”的含義) as, whe n, while 都表示主、從句的動作或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生，但三者也有區(qū)別。既可表示一點時間，也可表示一段時間，從句中的謂語動詞既可以是持續(xù)性動詞，也可以為短暫性動 詞，經(jīng)?？梢曰Q使用；while引導(dǎo)的從句通常表示一段時間，從句中宜用持續(xù)性動詞作謂語。當(dāng)從句中的謂語動詞為持續(xù)性動詞時，這三者可以通用(前面例句中已有體現(xiàn))，再如：Moth

5、er was worried because little Alice was ill, esp ecially as / whe n / while father was away in Fran ce.媽媽擔(dān)心，因為小艾麗思病了，特別是當(dāng)父親遠(yuǎn)在法國的時候。 如果從句和主句要表示一個人的兩個動作交替進(jìn)行或同時完成時，則多用as，可譯為“一邊.一邊”。例如：他一邊走，一邊不時地往后看。隨著時間的推移，天氣變得越來越暖了。你一張嘴我就知道你要說什么。(若表示兩個短He looked beh ind from to time as he went.As time goes on, it '

6、; s getting warmer and warmer. I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.不用 as或 when。如:促動作幾乎同時發(fā)生時，用 as的場合多于when.) 當(dāng)主從句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系時，多用while,She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact, I was talking about my daughter. 她以為我在談?wù)撍畠?，而事實上，我在談?wù)撐业呐畠?。如果表示從句的動作在主句的動作“之前”或“之后”發(fā)生時，多用when (=a

7、fter )，不用as或while。此外，when還含有“ at that moment ”的意思(=and then )，引起的句子不能放在句首， 也不能用as, while 來替換。例如：He was about to leave whe n the tele pho ne ran g.他正要離開，忽然電話鈴響了。We were watchi ng TV whe n sudde niy the lights went out.我們正在看電視，突然燈滅了。They had just arrived home whe n it bega n to rain.他們剛至 U家，天就開始下雨了。3.

8、 till /until ，表示“一直到”，主從句都用肯定式；表示“直到才”，主句否定，從句肯定。He worked un til it was dark.他一直工作至 U天黑。He did not get up till his mother came in.直至 U母親進(jìn)來他才起床。4. once “一旦”，by the time “到時”。一旦你見到她就Once you see her, you will find what I said is true.會發(fā)現(xiàn)我說的是對的。by the time+現(xiàn)在時，主句用將來完成時。By the time he arrives, we will

9、already have left here.我們將已離幵這兒了。by the time+一般過去時，主句用過去完成時。By the time he arrived, we had already left here.離幵這兒了。等他到達(dá)時,他到達(dá)的時候我們早已5. as soon as, the moment表示從句動作一發(fā)生，主句動作隨即發(fā)生，通常譯為“一就”。As soon as I finish the work, I'll go to see you.看你。She came to the sce ne the mome nt she heard the n ews.到現(xiàn)場。我

10、一完成工作就會來她一聽到消息就來6. since “自從”， before “在前”， after “在后”， It was not longbefore意為“不久”。since引導(dǎo)從句用非延續(xù)性動詞或“過去時間點”或“過去時間段+ago”，主句用完成時態(tài)。Since he graduated, he has worked in this city.市工作。I have n't see n him since last year/ three years ago.我沒見過他。他畢業(yè)后一直在這個城去年以來/3年來,選出最佳答案1)he was liste ning to the musi

11、c, Joh n fell aslee p.A. AfterB. BeforeC. WhileD. As soon as-2) How did you try to get to school on timeyou missed the schoolbus.A. whe nB. howC. whyD. that3) He was riding to schoolhe was hit by a car this morning.A whileB. whe nC. asD. so4) Lucy knew nothing about ither sister told her.A. becauseB

12、. un tilC. ifD. sincelights turned gree n.5) The p olicema n asked the child _ cross the streett he trafficA. not; whe nB. don't; beforeC. not to; untilD.not to; since6) The book was so in terest ing that he had read it for three hourshe realized it.A. whe nB. afterC. un tilD. before7)we had see

13、 n all the ani mals, we went home.A. ThenB. AfterC. ThoughD. While8) She has made many friendsshe came to our school.A. beforeB. afterC. sinceD. un til9) How long has the weather bee n like this?A. Un til last ni ghtB. Ever since last nightC. Two days agoD. Two days later10) My un clewe nt to Austra

14、lia last year. We have n'tsee nhimA. since almost a yearB. from almost a year onC. after almost a yearD. since almost a year ago11) He was so tired that he fell aslee p he went to bed.A. as ifB. even thoughC. ever sinceD.assoon as12) I knew nothing about the accide nt my friend told me yesterday

15、.A. becauseB. sinceC. un tilD. after13) I did n't man age to do it_ you had explained how.A. un tilB. sinceC. whileD. afterD 12)【Keys】1) C 2) A 3) B 4) B 5) A 6) D 7)B 8) C 9) B 10) D 11)C 13) A第二節(jié)條件狀語從句1. 條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有:f女口果；uni ess 除非，如果不； on con diti onthat 條件是； as long as只要2.

16、表示正面的條件用if “如果”。If you don't look after young trees, they will die very quickly.If the museum charges for en try, a lot of people won't be able to visitit.3. 表示否定的條件用unless( =if. . not) “除非，如果不”。I shall not go to the cin ema unl ess I finish my homework before eight.說明：ifnot?？梢杂胾nless替代。If y

17、ou don ' t study hard, you will fail in the exam.You will fail in the exam unl ess you study hard.4. 表示使某事成為現(xiàn)實必要的條件用on condition that “條件是”，as long as 只要”。You may go swimmi ng on con diti on that you don't swim too far away from the river bank.As long as you don't study hard, you will fa

18、il in the exam.5. 祈使結(jié)構(gòu)表條件。=> if 從句（否定式）+主句（如果）給我1）祈使句（，）+and/then+ 簡單句前半部分的祈使結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于if條件句，可用動詞或名詞幵頭；后半部分的簡單 句常用一般將來時，有時也用一般現(xiàn)在時。此句型與條件狀語從句形成同義結(jié)構(gòu)。Give me somewhere to sta nd, and I will move the earth.個支點，我便能掀動地球。=lf you give me somewhere to sta nd, I will move the earth.One more word, and I'll t

19、urn you out.你再多說一句，我就把你趕出去。=If you sp eak one more word, I will turn you out.Use your head, then you'll find a way.動動腦子你就能找到辦法。=If you use your head, you'll find a way.2）祈使句（,）+0葉簡單句if 從句（否定式）+主語如果不加倍努力，你=>Work eve n harder, or you will n ever p ass the exam.就永遠(yuǎn)無法通過考試。=If you don't wo

20、rk harder, you will n ever p ass the exam.St op telli ng lies, or you will be puni shed.如果你繼續(xù)說謊，就會受到懲罰。=If you don't stop telli ng lies, you will be puni shed.選擇最佳答案填空1) Would you like to go to the park with me,Susan?I'd like to.you don'twant to goalone.A. un tilB. beforeC. ifD. after2)

21、Tomorrow we'll go to the city parkit is sunny.A. as soon asB. whe nC. ifD. as3) All of us will be happyyou can come with us.A. whileB. ifC. butD. or4) Nobody can lear n En glish well _you work hard on it.A. ifB. uni essC. whe nD. but5) The spo rts meet will continueit rains this after noon.A. if

22、B. sinceC. as soon asD. uni ess【Keys! 1) C 2) C 3) B 4) B 5) D第三節(jié)原因狀語從句和地點狀語從句 1.原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有：because, for, sin ce, as, now that用于回答why,1) because意為“因為”，表示直接的原因或理由，著重點在從句， 語氣最強。He is abse nt today because he is ill.他今天缺席，因為他病了。I did n't go out because I was busy with homework.我沒有出去，因為我忙于家庭

23、作業(yè)。有時，可用because of后接名詞或代詞表示原因，此時because of=for(介詞)。We won't be able to come because of the weather.由于天氣的原因，我們來不了。她因為待在醫(yī)She was look ing all the better for her stay in hos pital.院，顯得好多了。2) for意為“因為”，引導(dǎo)的從句并不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，只提供補充說明，且不可位于主句前。for前往往用逗號或分號與主句分幵，引起的從句對主句加以解釋。我沒有去看他,I did n't go to se

24、e him, for a heavy snow was falli ng.因為在下大雪。白天短了，因為現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)The days were short, for it was now December.是十二月了。Wemust beg in planning now, for the future may bri ng unexp ected cha nges.我們必須現(xiàn)在就幵始籌劃，因為將來可能會發(fā)生意想不到的變化。有時，for引起的從句并不表示原因，而是表示一種推斷或解釋，而 則不能。Some one in the house must be ill, for a doctor has ju

25、st come out.里一定有人病了，因為有個醫(yī)生剛剛出來。3) since 意為“既然”、“由于”，一般表示對方已知的、無需加以說明的既成事實的理由(如果從句表示的原因不是確定的事實，就不能用si nee，通常用because)。Si nee you are goin g, I will go too.既然你要走，我也走了。Si nee you are ill, I'll go alo ne.由于你病了，我就一個人走了。4) as意為“由于”，表示十分明顯的原因，一般說明因果關(guān)系，著重點在主句， 語氣較弱。As it is snowing, we shall not go to t

26、he p ark.去公園了。He had to apo logize, as he knew he had made a mistake.為他知道他錯了。由as表示的原因語勢最弱，常用于口語。5) now that意為“既然”，有時可將that省去，含義與since接近。區(qū)別在于：since表示原先已存在的情況，而now that表示現(xiàn)在才發(fā)生的情況Now that it has stopped rainin g, let's start at on ce.咱們馬上幵始吧！Now that you have come, you may as well stay.在這兒。2.地點狀語從句

27、引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的連詞有：Put it where you can see it.r II find him, wherever he is.because房子由于正在下雪，我們就不他必須道歉，因o既然現(xiàn)在雨停了,既然來了，你最好還是待You should put the book where it was.Wherever you go, you should do your work well.做好。where, wherever, any where, everywhere把它放在你看得見的地方。不管他在哪里我都要找到他。你應(yīng)該把書放在原來的地方。不論你到哪里都要把工作選擇最佳答案1)

28、I hope to go to France some dayt here are many famous museumsthere.2) Would you like to go to the con cert with me?A. thoughB. uni essC. becauseD. whereI'd love to,I ca n't.I have a lot of homework to do.A. and; BecauseB. but; BecauseC. so; AndD. and; so3) Jim has bee n inthe factory for two

29、 years.he left school.A. whe nB. sinceC. as soon asD. whether4) Jack was very tiredhe p layed tennis all after noon.A. ifB. as soon asC. becauseD. before5) Yo u'd better come back earlier_ it is gett ing colder.A. asB. andC. butD. or6) Jane wore a rain coatit was raining.A. soB. butC. howeverD.

30、because7) The Italia n boy was regarded as a herohe gave hislife for hiscountry.A. accord ing toB. because ofC. on acco unt ofD. because【Keys!1) C 2) B 3) B 4) C 5) A 6) D 7) D第四節(jié)讓步狀語從句1 .引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有:while, even though, even if, whether. (or not), 用 no matter although, 十 wh-/how 引導(dǎo)2. although /thou

31、gh “雖然”。Although I didn ' t know anybody at the party, I had a very good time.雖然晚會上的客人我一個也不認(rèn)識，但我玩得很愉快。注意“althoughbut ”是個典型的錯誤，因為 but是并列連詞，不能與從屬 連詞 although 連用。但是，although 可與 yet , still 連用，因為 yet , still 是副詞，它可使前后關(guān)系更明確。3. while意為“然而”。1) while用于對照，說明兩種情況相反，意為“然而，但是”。Tom is very outgo ing, while J

32、ane is shy and quiet.卻靦腆安靜。While I was read ing, he was p layi ng.我在讀書，而他在玩。2) while意為“雖然，盡管”，同 although，此時從句和主句的主語往往為同一 人或物。While she liked cats 。she never let them come into her room歡貓，但她從不讓貓進(jìn)她的房間。4. even if “即使”(if后陳述的是假設(shè))；even though陳述的是事實)。rm going to apply for the job, eve n if it p ays very l

33、ittle.不高，我也要去申請那份工作。He is an hon est man, I say, eve n though I have opp osed him.個誠實的人，盡管我反對過他。5. whether(or not) “無論是或是”.Whether it rains or no t, I shall go out for an outi ng.我都要外出游玩。Whether we win or lose, we are going to do our best.會盡最大努力。注意whether作“無論”解，用現(xiàn)在時表將來； 不能。They'll go out whether

34、 it rains or not tomorrow.們都要出去。Can you tell me whether it will rain or not tomorrow?是否下雨嗎？6. 用no matte葉wh- /how的詞引導(dǎo)，意為“無論”湯姆性格外向，而簡“盡管”(though 后即使報酬我說他是無論是否下雨,無論勝敗，我們都whether作“是否”解時則無論明天是否下雨，他你能告訴我明天no matter who 無論誰，no matter which 無論哪一， no matter what無論什么，no matter when無論何時，no matter where 無論哪里，n

35、o matter how無論怎樣No matter who you are, you must obey the law.紀(jì)守法。It has the same result no matter which way you do it.來做，結(jié)果都一樣。No matter how cold it is, she ofte n goes swim ming.常去游泳。無論你是誰，你都應(yīng)當(dāng)遵無論用什么方法無論有多冷，她總是選擇最佳答案填空1)he's old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A. ThoughB. SinceC. ForD. SoExc

36、it ing,2) How do you like the con cert give n by the "Foxy Ladies"?one p iece of the music was n't p layed quitewell.A. soB. thoughC. because D. andA. theyB. but theyC. and they D. so they10) Nobody believed himwhat he said.3) Shall we go on work ing?Y es,I prefer to have a rest.A. whe

37、 nB. ifC. because D. though4) Doctor Li went to see the p atie ntit was rai ning heavily.A. becauseB. andC. since D. though5)I think it still looks p erfectit has gone out this year.A. so thatB. even thoughC. as if D.ever since6)No matterbusy he is, he won't give up his hobby.A. whereB. howC. wh

38、atD. who7)I n ever seem to lose any weight,hard I try.A. eve n though B.no matter how C.as if D.This dress was last year's style.ever since8)No matteryou come, you are welcome.A. howB. whereC. whe nD. what9) Though it's raining,are still work ing in the fields.A. eve n though B. in sp iteC.

39、no matterD. con traryto11)A. Even ifB. AlthoughC. P erha psD. No matter【Keys!2.1) A 2) B 3) D 4) D 5) B 6) B 7)B 8) C D9) A 10) C 11)第五節(jié)目的狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句和比較狀語從句【經(jīng)典剖析】1. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有：以in order that ，so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句謂語通常用in order that 目的是為了， so that ，以便may might 加動詞構(gòu)成，也可用 can/ could 或will /would加動詞構(gòu)成。He wo

40、rks hard in order that he can serve his country well.目的是為了能更好地為國家服務(wù)。They started early so that they might arrive in time.以便按時到達(dá)。他努力工作,他們很早出發(fā),注意“for+動名詞”不用于表目的，但“ for+名詞”可用于表目的。Write it in simpleEnglish to make（不能用 for making） everybodyun dersta nd.為了能讓每個人都理解，請用簡單的英語寫。Better get up early for the earl

41、y tra in.為了 能趕上早班火車，請早一點起床。2. 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的詞：如此以致so that以致，sothat 如此以致，suchthatHe made a wrong decisi on, so that half of his property was lost.了個錯誤的決定，以至于他丟失了一半的財產(chǎn)。The box is so heavy that n obody can move it.于）無人能移動它。It is such a heavy box that n obody can move it.于）無人能移動它。他做這個箱子是如此重，（以至這個箱子如此重，（以至wha

42、t may happen, I won't cha nge my mind.注意so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，其區(qū)別在于： 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時通常用逗號同主句分幵。3. more “越越”tpan比，asas “像一樣”，not so-as “不像一樣”，the moretheI know you better tha n he does.我比他更了解你。We walked as fast as we could.我們盡可能地快步行走。The work is not so easy as you thought.這工作沒有你想的那么簡單。Nothi ng i

43、s so p recious as health沒有什么能像健康一樣珍貴。你越努力學(xué)The harder you study, the greater pr ogress you will make.習(xí)，進(jìn)步就越大。針對性練習(xí)1.選擇最佳答案填空:A. becauseB. forC. asD. since8) It looksit's going to rain.1) r II leave him a note he'll know where we are.A. so thatB. so asC. i n orderD. for2) The questio n wasdiff

44、icult that n obody could an swerA. very; themB. very; itC. so; themD. so; it3) Mike isA. a good soB. so good aC. a such goodD.suchgood a4) They werebusy study ingtheycould n'tgoto therestaura nt with us.A. so; thatB. such; asC. very; thatD.eno ugh;boy that we all like him.as5) It wasthat he had

45、to ask for help.A. so difficult workB. so difficult a workC. such a difficult workD. such a difficult job6) He started earlyhe could get there before nine.A. in order thatB. becauseC. so as toD.in orderwe all know.to7) Robert is good at Ian guages,A. thatB. asC. as ifD. that【Keys】1.1) in order that

46、that2. 1)A 2) D 3) B2) so that 3)so. that 4)so. that 5) such.4) A 5) D 6) A 7) C 8) C狀語從句專練I .選擇填空：1. The man can ' t get on the bus because thereA. was B. is C. are D. wereno room on it.2. I was liste ning to the musicA. while B. whe n C. because D. un tilthere was a knock at the door.3. You ma

47、y leave the classroom whe n youwriti ng.A. will finish B. are finishing C. have fini shed D. had fini shed4. I don t know if hetomorrow, if heA. will come, comes B. comes, comesC. will come, will come D. come, will come5. I read, the more I un dersta nd.A. The more B. So much C. How much ID. For all

48、,III meet him.6. Would you give Joh nny this letter if youA. will happen B. happen7. She was busy, she could nA. and B. soto see him this week.C. orC. are happened D. happened't go to your birthday party last night.D. but8. English is of the world.a useful Ianguageit is spoken inmanycoun triesA.

49、 so that B. suchthatC. sobecause D. such-because9. You will not succeeded if youharder.A. will workB. won ' t workC. work D. dont work10. Write clearlyyour teacher can un dersta nd you correctly.A. since B. for C. because D. so thathe failed , he went on doing the exp erime nt.A. Eve nB. Yet C.

50、Although D. in spite of12. The light went out while wesupper.A. had B. had had C. were hav ingD. would have13. His brother has worked therehe left school.11.A. when B. after C. since14. The boy didn ' t stop talking _A. whenB. untilC. afterD. un til_ the sec ond bell rang.D. because15.I came in to the office, the teacher were hav ing a meeti ng.He didn '