滬教版牛津英語(yǔ)高二下Unit知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解練習(xí)

1、高二下 Unit 6 Problems and solutions)Reading (Unique and unconventional) 1. Vocabulary: cosmetics, persuasive, advertising, campaign, anti-aging, present, force-feed, injection, amazing, unconventional, principle, revolutionize, recycle, unique, publicity. 2. Sentence pattern: It promises that all your

2、 dreams will come true if you use a certain type of shampoo or face cream. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. She thought it was immoral to make false promises about the qualities of her cosmetics. 3. Grammar: Absolute Construction 獨(dú)立

3、主格結(jié)構(gòu) Key words and expressions: cosmetics n. (常. 復(fù)數(shù)) persuasive adj. 有說(shuō)服力的，令人信服的 persuade sb to do/ into doing 說(shuō)服某人做某事 persuade sb. out of sth./ doing sth. 勸阻某人不要做. advertise v. 做廣告 n. advertising 做廣告，廣告業(yè) advertisement （具體）廣告 campaign + for/ against sb./sth n. 運(yùn)動(dòng)；campaign + for/ against sb./sth v.開(kāi)展

4、、參加運(yùn)運(yùn) She spent her whole life campaigning for womens rights. anti-aging 抗衰老的 anti- present v. 贈(zèng)送，呈現(xiàn)，引見(jiàn) present sb. with sth./ present sth to sb. 給予，贈(zèng)送 adj. 出席，在場(chǎng)（+at只做表語(yǔ)、后置定語(yǔ)）； 現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)前的（只做前置定語(yǔ)）at the present time n. 禮物；目前，現(xiàn)在（at present=now） packaging n. 包裝，包裝材料 double v. 使.加倍， 是.的兩倍 The birth rate i

5、n that area has doubled. n. 兩倍 The production of this year is the double of that of last last year. poison v. 使中毒，毒害 sb. with sth/ by. n. 毒藥 adj. poisonous 有毒的 blind v. 使失明，弄瞎 adj. 瞎的，盲的 n. 盲人 force-feed v. 強(qiáng)迫進(jìn)食 the sick animal refused to eat, and had to be force-fed. injection n. 注射 -v. inject 給注射；

6、投入（資金）；添加，增加（某種品質(zhì)）drip v. 滴入 amazing 令人驚奇的，令人驚喜的unconventional adj. 打破傳統(tǒng)的，新奇的-反義詞：conventional 因循守舊的 principle n. 規(guī)則，原則 、 prosper v. 繁榮，使興旺 adj. prosperous n. prosperity revolutionize v. 改革，革命 n. revolution reform n. & v. 改革 limitation n. 局限，缺陷 -v. & n. limit recycle v. 回收，再利用 refill v. 再裝滿(

7、灌滿) unique adj. 獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，獨(dú)特的 Every snowflake is unique-no tow are the same. 每一瓣雪花都是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。 remarkable adv. 不尋常的，出類拔萃的 His remarkable achievement in scientice has brougth him great honour. alternative adj. 供選擇的, 二者擇其一的 n. 備用物global 全球的 n. globe 球，球體 the globe=the planet=the earth 地球 publicity n. 公眾的注意，媒體

8、的注意； 名聲，宣傳publicize v. n. publicist 宣傳人員） hold v. 舉辦，進(jìn)行 pro-environment adj. 支持環(huán)保的 sth. come true/ sb. realize sth. 實(shí)現(xiàn)（目標(biāo)，理想）練習(xí): 1. Many things impossible for Chinese to understand in the past are quite common today. A. considering B. considered C. to be considered D. having been considered 2. might

9、 be expected, the response to the question was very mixed. A. As B. That C. It D. What 3. The swimmer was very tired but he cross the finishing line. A. could B. might C. was able to D. succeeded 4. He must be angry, for we heard the glass on the floor. A. being broken B. break C. broken D. to be br

10、oken 5. What to him？ -He had his leg broken while playing basketball. A. happened B. took place C. broken out D. was happening 6. Is this concert hall Mary made her first performance in public in her teens? A. where B. that C. the one D. which 7. If Harry did not attend the conference last night, he

11、 too much work to do. A. must have had B. must have C. had had D. had to have had 8. I know Jane quite well and never doubt she can do a good job for it. A. that B. whether C. if D. when 9. The official deeply in the case might be sentenced to death. A. involving B. having involved C. involved D. ha

12、ving been involved 10. We took our umbrella with us when we went out in order to us from a heavy rain. A. ban B. prohibit C. preserve D. protect 11. The new law will come into on the day when it is passed. A. effect B. use C. service D. existence 12. Many countries are increasing their use of natura

13、l gas, wind and other forms of A. origin B. energy C. power D. source 13. China is to be the most developed country sooner or later. A. likely B. possible C. probably D. perhaps 14. Where is my pen? I it？A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost 15. I didnt hear the phon

14、e. I asleep.A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been二verb-filling 1. _（feel）cold, he covered himself with a blanket, _(leave) only his arms _(uncover)2. The government is believed to be considering _(pass) a law making it a crime _ (import) any kind of weapon.3. After _(technica

15、lly improve), these trains are capable of attaining a very high speed.4. David, who is helpful and agreeable, is a person never _(ignore) wherever he is.5. Only in the past 50 years with the revolution in diving equipment _ scientists _(be) able to study deep seas closely.6. With land prices _(reduc

16、e), I can afford a piece of land big enough to park my car on.7. The discovery of new evidence led to _(the thief, catch)8. _(meet) the growing demand for cars, the company opened a new factory in the State of Michigan in 1910.9. The CEO and the designer have overcome a lot of difficulty they had _(

17、 develop) the new project.10. The fireman _(rush) to the building on fire desperately_(hope) to save as many people _(strand) in it as possible.11. The old man avoided _(touch) the hands _(hold) out to help him as he _(step) out of the boat.12. -Sorry _(interrupt) you. Please go on.-Where was I ?-Yo

18、u _(say) you didnt like your fathers job.1. Don't get off the bus until it _.A. stop B. will stop C. stopped D. has stopped2. "Where _ the recorder? I can't see it anywhere." "I _ it right here. But now it's gone. "A. did you put/have put B. have you put/putC. had you

19、 put/was putting D. were you putting/have put3. Don't come tonight. I would rather you _ tomorrow.A. come B. came C. will come D. coming4. _ you _? A. Do/marry B. Have/marriedC. Have/been marriedD. Are/married5. When he _ all the newspapers, he'll go home.A. sells B. has sold C. will have so

20、ld D. will be sold6. "Hurry up, you _ on the phone. " "Oh, I'm coming. Thank you. "A. are wanted B. are being wanted C. want D. are wanting7. I _ see you, but I didn't, for I had no time.A. had wanted toB. has wanted toC. wantedD. was wanted8. I _ in Guang Zhou for six ye

21、ars by this October.A. have lived B. was living C. will be living D. shall have lived9. By this time next year he _ from the college.A. will be graduating B. should be graduatingC. will have graduated D. is graduating10. Our teacher told us that the earth _ from west to east.A. turns B. turn C. has

22、turned D. had turned11. It is high time you _ in bed now.A. are B. were C. will be D. would be12. After a while an agreement _.A. was arrived atB. was arrived in C. was arrivedD. has been arrived13. The air liner from Beijing _ at 3:00 p.m.A. is about to arrive B. has arrived C. arrives D. is going

23、to arrive14. The research laboratory is going to _ the new type of computer to use.A. take B. make C. put D. send15. I _ that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but it's beginning to look difficult.A. hopeB. had hopedC. hopedD. am hoping16. This liquid _ the salt at room temperature.A. became m

24、ixed withB. was mixed byC. mixes withD. has been mixing by17. If they _ earlier than expected, they _ here now.A. had started, would beB. started, might beC. had started, would have beenD. will start, might have been18. Were I to do it, I _ it some other way. A. will do B. would doC. would have done

25、 D. were to d19. We wish we _ what you did when we were at high school. A. didB. could have doneC. have doneD. should do20. She wishes she _ to the theatre last night. A. wentB. would goC. had goneD. were going1.我不知是否有任何東西可以取代母愛(ài)和關(guān)懷。( replace) 2.商店里有許多計(jì)算機(jī)可供選擇。( choose) 3.周五的演出票子沒(méi)有了。( available) 4.我不再

26、勸說(shuō)他了，因?yàn)楦麪?zhēng)論毫無(wú)意義。( point) 5.缺乏實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生不太可能馬上找到高薪的工作。(little chance) 6.有一條市場(chǎng)規(guī)律：當(dāng)一個(gè)物品供大于求時(shí)，它的價(jià)格就會(huì)下降。( do down) 7.我們的花園里曾經(jīng)有過(guò)他們種的許多美麗的花朵。( used) 8.關(guān)注健康很重要，但是過(guò)分害怕疾病也是沒(méi)有必要的。 ( need) 9.不久的將來(lái)人們能夠找到艾滋病的方法? ( possibility) 10.似乎沒(méi)有留下什么問(wèn)題分析。（appear）一完成下列短語(yǔ)。變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí) 成本翻倍 （某人）很可能做. 把運(yùn)用于中 申請(qǐng) 吸引廣泛的的民眾關(guān)注 鼓勵(lì)某人做. 依靠 使.卷入,

27、陷入中 承諾（賓從） .是很不道德的 二Choose the best answer. 1. The tomato juice left brown spot on front of my jacket. A. /, the B. a, / C. a, a D. a, the 2. There is access the house from the main road. A. none, to B. any, of C. no, to D. not, of 3. of the land in that district covered with trees and grass. A. Two

28、-fifth, is B. Two-fifth, are C. Two-fifth, is D. Two-fifths, are 4. Having too much food is not good for us, having more exercise does good to us. A. while B. and C. but D. so 5. The professor declared that he was more than his students the failure. A. to be blamed, of B. to blame, for C. blame, to

29、D. blaming, to 6. The output is now six times it was before 1990. A. that B. what C. for which D. of that 7. He decided to carry the equipment he could take it. A. as far as B. as much as C. as well as D. as many as 8. The soldier had the message straight to the commander. A. dead, sent B. dying, se

30、nt C. died, being sent D. dying, to be sent 9. The task of a university begins early for some students, long before they graduate from high school. A. accepting and entering B. being accepted to and entering C. being accepted and entered D. accepted and entering 10. Only when David did it a second t

31、ime A. he realized his mistake B. he was realizing his mistake C. he did realize his mistake D. did he realize his mistake 11. All was continuous oral practice of English. A. that was needed B. what is needed C. which is needed D. is needed 12. They hurried there only to find the meeting cancelled.

32、In fact, they there at all. A. might not have gone B. mustnt have gone C. neednt have gone D. wouldnt have gone 13. Would you come to see me tomorrow? -It A. depends B. depends upon C. is depending D. is depending 14. Although tigers are often trained, they cannot be easily tamed caught very young.

33、A. if B. unless C. when D. though 15. By the time , Norman Rockwell had decided that he wanted to be an artist. A. in his early teens B. his early teens were C. was his early teens D. he was in his early teens 16. The redhead duck builds a deep nest of reeds, up to a dozen eggs are laid. A. containi

34、ng B. which contain C. in which D. in it 17. unlikely a nation would choose war if its goals could be met. A. It is, when B. It was, where C. It is, that D. It was, what 18. Writing pens are made in of shapes, sizes, and colours. A. endless variety an almost B. variety an almost endless C. an almost

35、 endless variety D. almost variety an endless 19. There is a feeling in me we will never know what a UFO isnot ever. A. which B. of which C. that D. what 20. I wish to attend to the lecture, ? A. do I B. shall I C. must I D. may I 1. It is obvious that boys are more naughty than girls by . A. charac

36、ter B. action C. attitude D. nature 2. He has loved me I were his son.A. because B. as C. if D. as though3. has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.A. Those who B. Who C. Whoever D. Whether4. I hate moving, but fortunately of my friends have offered to help.A. none B. one C. few

37、D. a few5. Im afraid your story doesnt agree what I read in the newspaper.A. to B. with C. on D. /6. A clear, warm day suddenly grew chilly, a dark curtain of rolling dust advanced across the plains.A. until B. as C. so D. since7. A few natural elements exists in such small quantities that they in t

38、heir natural environments.A. rarely see B. have rarely seen C. rarely being seen D. are rarely seen8. blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. Give B. Giving C. Given D. To give9. The old man had three sons, all of _ died during World War .A. whoseB. thatC. whomD. who10. During the week _ h

39、e tried to collect materials for his article.A. followingB. followedC. to followD. that followed11. He is absent _ is often the case.A. whatB. whichC. whoD. as12. These photographs will show you _.A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look like D. h

40、ow our village looks like13. Nowadays we rely on computers.A. carefully B. patiently C. precisely D. increasingly14. I out for a walk when my father called me yesterday. A. happen to be B. happened being C. happen being D. happened to be15. By saying “slow and sure reading” they that they read every

41、 sentence slowly and carefully.A. hope B. speak C. show D. mean16. It is still a question _ we shall have our sports meet. A. ifB. thatC. whatD. when 二Translation. 1. 無(wú)論你身居何位， 你都要全心全意為人民服務(wù)。（post ） 2. 真是在旅行途中，Jack London 獲得了大量的創(chuàng)作素材。（a wealth of） 3. 眾所周知，現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)的發(fā)展很大程度上取決于愛(ài)因斯坦創(chuàng)立的相對(duì)論。（As） 4. George 沒(méi)有到，你

42、認(rèn)為他會(huì)出什么事呢？ （happen to） 5. 每每想起那個(gè)愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤，我就追悔莫及。（regret） 6. 德國(guó)人在北非的戰(zhàn)役中被擊敗。（campaign） 7. 設(shè)法讓你爸爸參加的家務(wù)活動(dòng)里面來(lái)，這對(duì)她有好處。（involve） 8. 當(dāng)你得到一個(gè)改善你地位的機(jī)會(huì)，要利用它。（present v.）9. 原子能的使用將使未來(lái)人類的生活有巨大改變。（revolutionize ） 10. 如果你的工作對(duì)人民有用，沒(méi)有人會(huì)認(rèn)為你的一生是失敗的。（failure） 11. 我們估計(jì)完成這項(xiàng)工作需要三個(gè)月。（estimate）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是句子的主語(yǔ)。但有時(shí)

43、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有自己的主語(yǔ)，從而在結(jié)構(gòu)上與主語(yǔ)不發(fā)生關(guān)系，我們稱之為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（Absolute Construction）。但它還是一種從屬的結(jié)構(gòu)。在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。  Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.     有這么能干的人來(lái)幫你, 你遲早一定會(huì)成功的。（such an able man和 to help you 之間存在著主謂關(guān)系）  = Since such an able ma

44、n will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.  He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.  他在書桌旁坐好后，他母親開(kāi)始給他講故事。（seating himself at the desk擁有了自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)he，注意是“主格”）  = When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.  Th

45、e key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.  由于丟了自行車鑰匙，他只好步行去學(xué)校。（lost 的邏輯主語(yǔ)是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost）  = Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.A 不定式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)” His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.= As his mother is to

46、 come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.Many trees, flowers,and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.=If many trees, flowers,and grass are planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.B-ing形式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)” 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 Being

47、 ill, he went home.  Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)：Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. （時(shí)間）The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. （原因）Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous. （原因）含有being的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： It being Na

48、tional Day today，the streets are very crowded.   = As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.  There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home. Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week. (條件

49、)My health allowing, I will work far into the night. （條件）The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest. （方式）The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.  （伴隨）C-ed形式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)” The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to r

50、ead it.The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. The task completed, he had two months' leave.二、 動(dòng)詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)“邏輯主語(yǔ)+being+其他”是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的“邏輯主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞-ing形式”的一種形式。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，being往往可以被省去，這種省去being的結(jié)構(gòu)，稱之為

51、無(wú)動(dòng)詞“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。 A邏輯主語(yǔ)+名詞  Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.B邏輯主語(yǔ)+形容詞  He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.C邏輯主語(yǔ)+副詞  School over, we all went home. D邏輯主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)  He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.  with, without 引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)介詞with, without +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，上面討論過(guò)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況在此結(jié)構(gòu)中都能體現(xiàn)。 He doesnt like to sle