借用數(shù)學思維巧學英語法（3）

1、第三講代入法在英語時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中的應(yīng)用山西省原平市教師進修學校 楊怡龍 在上一講，我們學習了代入法在英語時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)演化中的用法，這一講我們要繼續(xù)學習代入法在主動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為被動語態(tài)時的應(yīng)用，希望大家認真學習。 要懂得代入法在英語語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換中的用法，就先要懂得英語的基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)和時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。Knowledge linksEnglish basic sentence patterns(英語的幾種基本結(jié)構(gòu)）S=主語、V=謂語動詞、O=賓語、P=標語、OP=賓語補語 1.S+Link-V+P核心結(jié)構(gòu) 3.S+V+O 4.S+V+O間接賓語+O直接賓語 5.S+V+O+OP 2.S+V語態(tài)例句時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時主動語態(tài)

2、被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在進行時主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時 被動語態(tài)由上可得：We speakEnglishin English classes .is spokenbyus V（被動語態(tài)）=be+V（過去分詞）將此式代入到以下時態(tài)可得：We are speakingEnglishnow .be spokenbeingbyisus一般將來時主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài) is sister will help heir parents with the housework .be helped byTtHh一般將來時一般將來時被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài) We speak English in English classe

3、s .We are speaking English now .His sister will help their parents with the housework . 須用賓格Application Practice 1現(xiàn)在請同學們將下列含其它時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)句子運用推理的方法轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)。現(xiàn)在請同學們將下列含其它時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)句子運用推理的方法轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)。1.My students have finished learning all the junior English books so far.主被2. 主 I will be doing my homework at thi

4、s time this Sunday evening. 被3. 主She will have given me three story-books by this afternoon. 被4. 主My father and brother have been mending our car since this morning . 被5. 主 Mr Black will have been writing his report for five hours by six oclock this evening. 被All the junior English books have been f

5、inished learning by my students so far._My homework will be being done by me at this time this Sunday evening . I will have been given three story-books by her by this afternoon.Our car has been being mended by my father and brother since this morning .Mr Blacks report will have been being written f

6、or five hours by six oclock this evening.Skill inspiration 通過上面的練習，大家發(fā)現(xiàn)什么技巧沒有？ 對！主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)主要是動作動詞的變化，而其中也主要是be動詞的變化。表面看是隨時態(tài)的變化而變化，實際上，主動語態(tài)動作動詞用什么形式，be就用什么形式。另外注意第一動詞人稱數(shù)的變化就行了。哈哈！簡單吧！ 嗯，大家看看下面這些句子變化時需要注意哪些問題呢？ Practice 21. My father lent the book you gave me last week to others yesterday ._ .2. We ca

7、n take her as our sister._ .3. Her mother had bought her a new bike before her birthday._ .4. I would never make you do such things. _ .5. The woman had been looking after your son well till she died ._ .6. We all know that he is a computer scientist ._ .7. We can learn from the farmer that deliciou

8、s apples are very big ._ ._ ._ .The book you gave me last week was lent to others yesterday She can be taken as our sister A new bike had been bought for her by her mother before her birthday You would never be made to do such thingsYour son had been being well looked after by the woman till she die

9、d It is well known that he is a computer scientist He is well known to be a computer scientist It can be learnt from the farmer that delicious apples are very big Delicious apples can be learnt from the farmer to be very big定語從句隨著賓語一起前移。主句動詞lend使用了過去式，被動語態(tài)的be就用過去式was主句動詞take是原形，被動語態(tài)的be就用原形Her指人 是間接賓

10、語；a new bike指物，是直接賓語 物提前，人前須加介詞for，因為謂語動詞是不帶“給”字的“買”主句動詞buy用了過去分詞形式bought，因此，被動語態(tài)的be就用過去分詞形式的been不帶to不定式作賓語you的補足語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后前面須加to主動make是原形，被動be就用原形修飾動詞詞組lookafter的well在被動語態(tài)中移到了動詞詞組的前面主動look是ing，被動be就用ing賓語從句主語提前，原系表結(jié)構(gòu)變 to be Summary 現(xiàn)在我們一起來總結(jié)一下主動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)時，需要經(jīng)過的步驟和注意事項 。大家一起來說說吧！注意事項：首先、要找出動詞的賓語并將賓語前

11、置放在句子的首位，并改變首字母的大小寫；其次、是第一動詞數(shù)的形式的變化和動作動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后be的變化和動作動詞改為過去分詞的變化；第三、用介詞by引出動作的實施者1. 關(guān)鍵是動詞：句中有其它動詞時，除第一動詞須注意人稱和數(shù)的一致外，均無需變化，只需將動作動詞改變?yōu)閎e+動詞的過去分詞，然后根據(jù)時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)要求改變be的形式即可；2. 當主動語態(tài)的主語是人稱代詞時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后可省略；3. 作賓語補足語的不定式不論帶to與否，改變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后均需替代to。4. 當賓語有人和物兩個賓語時，將人作被動語態(tài)的主語時，完成以上步驟即可，但如將物作為被動語態(tài)的主語時，人前須用介詞for或to作引導；步驟：5.賓語后有定語、同位語時，要將定語、同位語跟隨賓語一起移到動詞的前面； 6. 含有賓語從句的時候，主句可用it做主語，從句不動，也可將從句的主語提取出來做主語，從句位于動詞用to be+V（過去分詞）順口溜主變被，有順序；一移賓，二改謂，三移主語須注意；賓后若有定和同，定同隨賓一起移；雙賓移人物不動，移物留人看動詞，“給”字動詞人前to，非“給”動詞人前for；復賓一般無需變，不定式作補不一般，不管原來有無to，變后都得加上to；說完賓語說謂語，不管動詞有多少，關(guān)鍵動詞公式套，be隨動作形變化，副詞放在動作前，還有主謂