英譯漢常見短語及句型

1、考研英譯漢試題中常見的短語及句型1 as引導(dǎo)的特殊狀語從句，翻譯時(shí)作定語從句處理例1 We hope the measures to control prices, as they have been taken by the government, will succeed. 譯文：我們希望，政府已經(jīng)采取的控制物價(jià)的措施將取得成功。例2 "In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and in

2、vention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions."譯文：新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅(jiān)持說："總之，我們所稱之為的科學(xué)革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用。這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展的范圍無所不及。"2 anything but根本不；nothing but只不過是；all but幾乎，差一點(diǎn)；除以外其余都是；but for要不是；but that +從句：若不是例1 Alone in a deserte

3、d house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt anything but lonely. 譯文：雖然他單獨(dú)一人住在這幢房子里，但他埋頭于研究工作，一點(diǎn)也沒有感到孤獨(dú)。注釋：句中anything but意為not at all。試對此：He seldom talked of anything but painting.(他除了繪畫很少談到別的事情。)此句中but作介詞，意為except。例2 The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expressio

4、n of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.譯文：科學(xué)研究的方法不過是人類思維活動的必要表達(dá)方式，也就是對一切現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行思索并給以精確而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)慕忉尩谋磉_(dá)方式。例3 She all but fainted when she heard the news.譯文：她聽到這一消息時(shí)幾乎暈倒了。注釋：此句中all but意為nearly,

5、 almost。試對比：All but the little children thought that the trip was exciting. (除了小孩，大家都認(rèn)為這次旅行是激動人心的。)此句中all but意為all except。例4 But for the rain we should have a pleasant journey.譯文：要不是下雨，我們的旅行本來是很愉快的。例5 He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.譯文：若不是他那時(shí)缺錢，他是會幫助我們的。注釋：1) but t

6、hat引導(dǎo)的從句中謂語用陳述語氣。2) but that有靈活的譯法，如：Nothing would satisfy that child but that I place her on my lap. (那孩子什么都不要，只要我把她抱在懷里。)3 "名詞，+ or +名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)中or后的名詞是同位語，應(yīng)譯為"即；或者稱"。例：Moreover, technology includes techniques, or ways to do things, as well as the machines that may or may not be nece

7、ssary to apply them.譯文：再者，除機(jī)器外技術(shù)還包括技藝，即制作方法，而運(yùn)用這些技藝并不一定都需要機(jī)器。4 ".，only to +動詞"意為"，結(jié)果卻"例：They don't have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre, the cinema or the opera, only to discover, perhaps, that the show is disappointing.譯文：他們不必花錢去戲院、電影院或歌劇院買價(jià)格很貴的戲票，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)，所演的節(jié)目令人失望。注

8、釋：".，only to +動詞"表示與句子謂語動作的目的相反的結(jié)果。5 not nearly (=by no means, far from)遠(yuǎn)不例：The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are headingsintosa crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.譯文：食品供應(yīng)將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)趕不上人口的增長，這就意味著我們在糧食的生產(chǎn)和購銷方面正面臨危機(jī)。注釋：1) this是指上面提到

9、的"到21世紀(jì)初世界人口將增加到60億或70億"。2)又例：There are not nearly enough people here to do the job. (這里的人手遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)工作。)6 not so much . as .與其說不如說例1 Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genuis as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools

10、.譯文：他們說，科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說源于天才偉人的真知灼見，不如說源于改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等更為普通的東西。例2 The conveniences that Americans desire reflect not so much a leisurely lifestyle as busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted.譯文：美國人所需要的各種便利條件與其說是反映一種從容不迫的生活方式，還不如說反映一種忙碌的生活方式。在這種忙碌的生活方式中甚至幾分鐘時(shí)間都得珍惜。注釋：1) not so m

11、uch as連在一起寫，則意為"連都不(肯)"，如：He didn't so much as thank me for returning his money that I found. (DAI)(我把找到的錢還給他，他卻連謝都不肯謝。) 2)該句型有時(shí)也可以用not so much . but .如：The important thing is not so much the actual population of the world, but its rate of increase.(重要的與其說是世界的實(shí)際人口量，還不如說是人口的增長率。)又如：But

12、whether their efforts can be more effective than those of the traditional politician may depend not so much on the presentday working scientists, but on the scientists now being trained, i.e. -you.(但是，他們的努力是否能比傳統(tǒng)的政治家的努力更有成效，與其說是取決于現(xiàn)在正在工作的科學(xué)家，倒不如說取決于正在被培訓(xùn)的科學(xué)家，也就是你們。) 3)要注意"not so much . but .&qu

13、ot;與"not so +形容詞+ but +從句"之間的區(qū)別，后者意為"雖然但是"，例如：The bridge was not so crowded but the bicycles could go through. (這橋上雖然很擁擠，但是自行車還能穿過去。)7 much less, still less引導(dǎo)的詞組或從句，表示一種追加的否定。less是由little的否定意義而來的，所以這兩個(gè)詞組只能用于否定句中，意為"更不用說、更不必說"。to say nothing of, not to speak of ,not to m

14、ention, let alone這四個(gè)詞組意為"更不消說"，也是一種追補(bǔ)的說法。但它們與much less和still less有所不同，這些詞組可以隨前一句的意思而定。前一句是肯定，則追加的也是肯定意義。如果前一句是否定，則追加的也是否定意義。例1 I could not agree to, much less participate in such proceedings. (我不能同意這種行為，更談不上參加這些行動了。)例2 He knows little of mathematics, and still less of chemistry. (他幾乎不懂?dāng)?shù)學(xué)，更

15、不用說化學(xué)了。) 例3 I did not even see him, still less(=much less) shake hands with him. (我看也沒有看見過他，哪里還談得上同他握手呢?)例4 In old China, there was hardly any machinebuilding industry, to say nothing of an electronic industry. (在舊中國，幾乎沒有什么機(jī)器制造工業(yè)，更不用說電子工業(yè)了。)例5 Sally takes singing and dancing lessons, to say nothing

16、of swimming and tennis lessons. (莎莉?qū)W了唱歌和舞蹈課，而且還學(xué)了游泳和網(wǎng)球課。)例6 At that time they could not afford the ordinary comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries. (那時(shí)他連普通生活都不能維持，更不要說奢侈品了。)例7 They have three fine sons, not to speak of their two lovely daughters. (他們有了3個(gè)好兒子，而且還有2個(gè)可愛的女兒。)例8 I don't know algeb

17、ra or geometry, not to mention calculus. (我連代數(shù)幾何都不懂，更不必說微積分了。) 例9 All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.(他們所要做的只是按一下電鈕，就能看到各種戲劇、電影、歌劇和各式各樣的演出，而且還能看到各種政治辯論和最近舉行的

18、激動人心的足球賽。) 例10 I can't add two and two, let alone do fractions.(我2加2都不會，更不用說做分?jǐn)?shù)題了。)注意：美國成語詞典認(rèn)為let alone只能用于追加的否定。但是，有的詞典認(rèn)為，該短語也可以引導(dǎo)追加的肯定。例如：There were five people in the car, let alone the luggage and the two dogs. (OSD)8 no more . than .和一樣都不例1 The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach,

19、 for they are both controlled by the brain. 譯文：心臟和胃一樣都無智力可言，因?yàn)樗鼈兌际怯纱竽X控制的。例2 There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink.譯文：他們沒有理由限制你服用多少維他命，就像他們不能限制你喝多少水一樣。例3 More and more AfroAmericans see him as a tricky enemy who has no mo

20、re love for them than he has for the Congolese.譯文：越來越多的美國黑人認(rèn)識到他是個(gè)詭計(jì)多端的敵人，他仇視美國黑人，正像他仇視剛果人民一樣。(直譯：，他不愛美國黑人，正像他不愛剛果人一樣。)注釋：not any more than是no morethan的一種強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，例如：1) Jack is no more intelligent than John.(=Jack is not intelligent any more than John.)杰克與約翰一樣都不聰明。2) A man can no more fly thana bird can

21、speak. (=A man cannot fly any more than a bird can speak.)人不會飛翔，就像鳥不會說話一樣。3) As a nation, the French are no more eager to learn about their wartime failings than are the Japanese. (=As a nation, the French are not eager to learn about their wartime failings any more than are the Japanese.)作為一個(gè)國家，法國正

22、如日本一樣不積極地從他們的戰(zhàn)爭失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)。上述例句表明，no more . than并不表示比較，而是表示比喻，含有比喻意義的比較級用于否定時(shí)，than后面的從句不用否定式，但譯成漢語時(shí)要用否定式。9 more . than .與其不如例1 It seems, then, that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting, and that the socalled division between the pure scientist and the applied scientist is

23、 more apparent than real. 譯文：看來，這兩門科學(xué)是互相依存又互相制約的，因而理論科學(xué)家和應(yīng)用科學(xué)家之間的所謂區(qū)別，與其說是實(shí)際存在的，不如說是表面的。例2 He is a man who is more brave than wise.譯文：他是個(gè)有勇無謀的人。注釋：1) more . than常用來比較同一個(gè)人或同一個(gè)事物的兩種不同特征。又如：He is more mad than stupid. (DCE)他與其說是笨，不如說是瘋。2) more than +從句(句中有can或could)實(shí)在不能。例如：Some of the suggestions are m

24、ore than we can accept.有些建議我們實(shí)在不能接受。3) (be) more of a . than a .與其說是不如說是，如：He is more of a politician than a scholar.與其說他是個(gè)學(xué)者，不如說是個(gè)政客。 10 no less than簡直是，實(shí)在是例1 It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price. 譯文：如此索要高價(jià)，簡直是敲詐。 例2 It is no less than a scandal. 譯文：這實(shí)在是一件丑聞。11 nothing else than完全是

25、，實(shí)在是例1 What the man said was nothing else than nonsense. 譯文：那人講的話完全是一派胡言。例2 Your success was due to nothing else than your own diligence.譯文：你的成功完全是由于你自己的勤奮。 12 It is not that . but that .這不是說，而是說例：It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of th

26、eir construction or manner of working;but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.譯文：這并不是說在一種情況下所使用的磅秤和在另一種情況下所使用的天平在構(gòu)造原理上或工作方式上存在差別，而是說與前者相比，后者是一種更精密得多的裝置，因而在計(jì)量上必然更加準(zhǔn)確。13 cannot . too .再也不過分，應(yīng)該例1 We cannot be too faithful to our duties. 譯文：我們必須盡力忠于職守。例2. You can