英語語法專項(xiàng)：九種狀語從句及練習(xí)

1、狀語從同在復(fù)合句中作狀語的從句叫狀語從句。狀語從句有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步 等種類。一、時(shí)間狀語從句弓I導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連接詞有 :when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since, as soon as, once, till, until, whenever, no soonerthan, hardly/scarcelywhen, themoment/minute/instant/second, every time, each time, any time, the first time, next time

2、, last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly 等。1.表小"就”的匐型1） as soon as/onceAs soon as he arrives, I'll call you他一到，我就給你打電話。（as soon as側(cè)重時(shí)間或動(dòng)作先后銜接緊，而once側(cè)重條件，表示 "且）”2） on doing sth/on one's + n乍時(shí)間狀語On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.一到達(dá)車站，

3、這個(gè)小偷就被逮捕了。On his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison 他一至 U達(dá)巴黎，就被認(rèn)出是一個(gè)貴族，并被投入監(jiān)獄。3） no sooner .than , hardly/scarcelywhen它們表 就"。結(jié)構(gòu)中的否定詞放在句首時(shí)，主句要倒裝。（主句都用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。）No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.他剛到家，天就開始下雨了。Hardly/Scarcely had I entered

4、the room when the phone rang.我一進(jìn)屋，電話就響了。|注意|當(dāng)no sooner, hardly, scarcely放在句首時(shí)，主句不倒裝，如：I had no sooner reached the bus stop than the bus started.我剛到車站，車就開走了。I had scarcely (hardly) entered the room when the phone rang.4） the moment, the instant, the minute, the secondThe moment I saw him, I recognize

5、d him.我一看見他，就認(rèn)出了他。We'll leave the minute you are ready.你一準(zhǔn)備好，我們就出發(fā)。5)有些副詞如：instantly, immediately, directly可用作連詞，后接從句。1 left immediately the clock struck 5.我剛走，鐘就敲了五點(diǎn)。2. when, while, as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句1) when的用法when既可指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指時(shí)間段(即：從句動(dòng)詞可以是短暫的也可是延續(xù)的)；主從旬動(dòng)作可同時(shí)也可先后發(fā)生。I was thin when I was a child.當(dāng)我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，

6、我很瘦。It was raining when I arrived.我至U達(dá)時(shí)，天正在下雨。在when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，如果從句主語與主句主語相同或?yàn)閕t,且從句有be動(dòng)詞，則從句可省主語和be動(dòng)詞，如：When (you are) in trouble, you can visit this man.當(dāng)你有麻煩時(shí)，可以找這個(gè)人。She is always listening to music when(she is) doing her homework. 當(dāng)她做作業(yè)時(shí)，總是聽音樂。whenft下列2構(gòu)中,譯成 這時(shí)”它引導(dǎo)的是并列句be about to do . when, be do

7、ing . when, had done when,be on one's way . when, be on the point of doing . when (參見 連詞"部分 when 的用法)2) while 用法while只能指一段時(shí)間，從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生主句動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于 during the time that.My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.當(dāng)我在做作業(yè)時(shí)，媽媽在做飯。I am safe while I am here我在這兒的時(shí)候，我很安全。Hf whil

8、e除引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句外，還引導(dǎo)對(duì)比句，作然而"講；并可在句首引出讓步狀語從句作雖然但“講。I like watching TV, while he likes reading.我喜歡看電視，而他喜歡讀書。While he has his own car, he often uses mine.盡管他自己有車，他卻常用我的。3) as的用法a如導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)常可和 when換用，但較強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生，多指短暫動(dòng)作。As I left the house, I forgot the key我離家時(shí)，忘了帶鑰匙。as®可說明兩種正在發(fā)展或變化的情況，隨著.的意思，表時(shí)間的推移。如：

9、As I get older, I get more optimistic.隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我變得更加樂觀。asS "邊一邊”，引出伴隨動(dòng)作。He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆忙地回家，邊走邊往后看。 用以強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生。As he was going out, it began to rain.當(dāng)他出去的時(shí)候，天開始下雨了。ast時(shí)引出一個(gè)名詞，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。As a boy (when he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths.當(dāng)他是孩子時(shí)，他對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)失去希望。3. be

10、fore 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句before? I導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從何不用否定式謂語。Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone.在他們到達(dá)公共汽車站之前，公共汽車已經(jīng)走了。在“It be +時(shí)間段+ before從旬”句型中，肯定句譯成“(之后)才”，否定旬譯成就 ”。該句型有一般過去時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)三個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，且有否定句 。It will be some time before. do.It was some time before.did.It would be some time before.did.It was long be

11、foredid 彳艮久才”It wasn't long before.did. 不久就.“ ”It will be many years before the chemicals start to escape fromthe containers. 多年以后化學(xué)物質(zhì)才開始從容器中逃逸。It was not long before he came bac心久他就回來了。It was a long time before he got to sleep again.很久他才再次入睡。It was a week before he could tell his story.一個(gè)星期后他才能

12、講述他的經(jīng)歷。It wasn't long before he told us about himself.不久他就給我們講述了他自己的故事。 before可譯成朱來得及”He had measured me before I could get a word.我還未來得及插話，他就量好了尺寸。 before可譯成趁著還沒”I'll write it down before I forget.趁著還沒忘我要把它寫下來。4. until 和 till1）延續(xù)性動(dòng)t肯定式+until表示 動(dòng)作延續(xù)到為止，”譯為 直到為止”，如：I waited for him until he c

13、ame back.我直等至 U他回來。2）終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式+ until表示直到才He didn't go to bed until he had finished his work.直到完成工作他才睡覺。3）用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句式 “It is not until .that .”It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.在教授到來之后，我們才開始實(shí)驗(yàn)。4） not until放在句首時(shí)，主句倒裝。Not until he graduated did he succeed in obtaining thi

14、s compound.直至U他畢業(yè)他才成功 獲得這種化合物。|注意|旬首和強(qiáng)調(diào)句中要用until,而不用till; not.until.句型中不用till。5. since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為 自從，一時(shí)起”，主句要用完成時(shí)。Mr. Li has been here since he came back.自從李先生回來以后，他一直在這兒。I haven't heard from him since he lived here.自從他住在這兒以來，我就沒有收到過他的來信。I've known Mr. Smith since I was a boy.我小的時(shí)候就認(rèn)識(shí)史密斯先生了。

15、6. 時(shí)間狀語從句的省略式當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語從句的主語和主句主語相同或?yàn)閕t,從旬又含be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從何可省略主語和 be 動(dòng)詞。在不產(chǎn)生歧義時(shí)，連詞也可省去。如：Once （it is） seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦被看見過，永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)被忘記。二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句1 .地點(diǎn)狀語從句主要由where, wherever anywhere, everywhere 引導(dǎo)。We must camp where we can get water.我們必須在能找到水的地方露營(yíng)。I will follow you wherever you go.無論你到何處我都要跟隨你。2 .地

16、點(diǎn)狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：where引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句前應(yīng)有一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞。Go back where you came from. （where 弓I導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句）Go back to the village where you came from.（where引導(dǎo)定語從句，village為先行詞）三、原因狀語從句原因狀語從何由 because, as , since, now （tha$就然），in that（因?yàn)?，多于口語中），seeing （that）（鑒于，由于）,considering that （考慮到）等引導(dǎo)。1. because用來回答why提出的問題，表直接

17、的因果關(guān)系，用于告知對(duì)方不知道的原因， 語氣最強(qiáng)，可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句。He didn't attend the meeting because he was ill.他沒參加會(huì)議，因?yàn)樗×?。It was because he was ill that he didn't go with us.因?yàn)樗胁?，他沒有和我們一起去。|注意 because口 because of的區(qū)另個(gè) because是連詞，弓I導(dǎo)從旬， because of是短語介詞, 后接名詞性詞語，如：The football match was put off because it rained.The footb

18、all match was put off because of the rain.因?yàn)橄掠?，足球賽延期了?. since, as, now that引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，不能用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句。since勺語氣比because弱，表示關(guān)系上的自然結(jié)果，特別用于原因已經(jīng)清楚了的事情， 一般譯成既然，鑒于"（往往放在主句之前）如：Since you have known the secret, I needn't say anything about it.既然你已經(jīng)知道了這個(gè)秘密，我就不必說了。as®氣最弱，說明一般的因果關(guān)系，表顯而易見的原因或倒果為因的說法（可放在主旬之

19、前，亦可放在主句之后），如：As he didn't know much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up the word 他對(duì)英語懂得不多，他拿出字典查找“ cough®個(gè)詞。As the ground is wet, it must have rained last night.（倒果為因）昨晚一定下了雨，地面是濕的。now that用來說明一種新情況，然后加以推論。now that放句首時(shí)that可省略：Now （that） everybody is here, let's begin.3. fo

20、r 也可以表示原因，屬并列連詞，不是說明直接原因，而是對(duì)某種情況加以推斷，表示補(bǔ)充說明理由。而推斷的理由會(huì)因人而異。語氣很弱，它引出的分句必須放在另一分句后。He must be ill, for he is absent today.4. 原因狀語從句有時(shí)可以用分詞形式表現(xiàn)。As he was blind, he couldn't see anything.Being blind, he couldn't see anything.四、條件狀語從句1 .由 if, unless （ifnot） , so/as long as, supposing（that）（假設(shè)），in c

21、ase（萬一，以防）, so/as far as（就.而言）,on condition that （條件是.）,provided/providing （that） （假若） 引導(dǎo)。Tell me about it if you have time.I won't go unless I'm invited.Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.You may use the room as/so long as you clean it up afterwards.2 . “祈使句 +and/or/or else/otherwis

22、e+ 陳述句 ”的句型中，祈使句在意義上實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句。Use your head, and you'll find a way.Hurry up or else （otherwise） you ll be late.3 . if only 也可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,只不過較少使用而已。only if 也引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意思是 “只有在 .條件下 ”If （only） it clears up, I will go.4 .條件狀語從句中一般要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表將來。I will go if you go.5 .條件狀語從句中的省略問題1）從句主語為it,又有系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，可以省

23、略從句中主語和 be動(dòng)詞。Come tomorrow if （it is） possible.If so, you must get back and get it.還有諸如if necessary如果有必要"，if any如果有"，if in need若需要”。2）如果if從何的主語和主句的主語一致，謂語動(dòng)詞又有be,可以把從句中的主語和be省略掉。If （water is） heated, water sends out steam.6 .條件句中的虛擬與倒裝if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句若與過去或現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符，或?qū)ξ磥磉M(jìn)行不可能的假設(shè)，就要用虛擬語氣。（詳見虛擬語氣部分）&a

24、mp; if的虛擬條件從句：若條件從何的謂語動(dòng)詞有were, had或should,可以把if省去，而把were， had 或 should 移到主語前構(gòu)成倒裝。Had I arrived there earlier, I would have seen him.Were it not for him, I would not have the chance to go home.Should he be here tomorrow, I would give him a hand.五、目的狀語從句由 so that （以便）,in order that （為了）, for fear that

25、 （二 in case）（以免）,lest （以防） 引導(dǎo)，謂語常含may, might, can, could, will, would 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。They set out early so that they might arrive at the station in good time.I'll speak slowly so that/in order that you can understand.He wrote the name down for fear tha（ t lest） he would forget. 當(dāng)從句與主句主語一致時(shí)，可用to do, so as

26、 to do, in order to do 結(jié)構(gòu)換用。He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.He worked day and night in order to succeed.六、結(jié)果狀語從句1 .常用的連詞有so that, so . that, suchthat, that （帶古英語痕跡）。（結(jié)果狀語從句中一般無情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)He had overslept so that he was late for work.My pen fell under my desk that I couldn't see

27、it.2 . so/such .that 所用句式so + adj (adv) + that 從旬The box is so heavy that I can't carry it. so+adj +a/an單名 + that 從旬=such a/an+adj.彈名 +that 從旬She is so beautiful a girl that all the boys of our class like her.=She is such a beautiful girl that all the boys of our class like her. so many/few -+L

28、名 + that 從旬so much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+ that從句There are so many apples on the desk that we each have one.There is so little water that you can't drink. such +a/an + adj +單名 + that 從旬She is such a good girl that she can help you.such + adj復(fù)名/不可數(shù)名+ that從句It was such bad weather that we all stayed home.He

29、 has such interesting books that he keeps reading all day.|注意| little表小，可愛”時(shí)，用such不用so修飾。He is such a little boy that his patents often teach him something.七、方式狀語從句由 as, as if (as though)弓I導(dǎo)。Do as you like.He spoke as if he had been there before.|注意| as if, as though從句與事實(shí)相反時(shí)用虛擬語氣，與事實(shí)相符，不用虛擬語氣八、比較狀語從

30、句用連詞 than, as .as., not as/soasHe ran as far as he could.I'm not as/so tall as he/him.She studies harder than I（ study）. the more . the more.引導(dǎo)，且經(jīng)常以省略形式出現(xiàn)The harder you try, the better you will understand.九、讓步狀語從句由 though, although, as, even if/though , no matter wh wh-ever 詞, whether.or （不管.者B）

31、 , when, while 等引導(dǎo)。1. though, although這兩個(gè)連詞用法基本一樣，只是前者口語化，后者較正式，常位于句首，都不與but連用，但可以和yet, still, nevertheless連用。though還可作副詞單獨(dú)放在句尾，表示然而”的意思。Although the TV set is very dear, I still want to buy it.Though /Although he was worn out, he kept on working.2. as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語時(shí)，從句部分用倒裝語序，句型為 ：（W容詞/副詞/名詞+ as + 主+謂動(dòng)詞+ a

32、s +± +情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Child as he is, he knows a lot.Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me.Great a scientist as he is, he remains modest.Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone.|注意|在這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可以用though （不太常用），但不可用although.Bravely though the players fought, they had no chance of winning.

33、3. even if （盡管;即使）,even though （盡管）這兩個(gè)復(fù)合連詞意義基本相同，常用以強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步概念，有退一步想的意思（有時(shí)用于虛擬） 。表 “即使 ”時(shí)有假設(shè)含義，一般用even if。We'll make trip even if（though） the weather is bad.Even if I were in your place, I wouldn't take the job.（虛擬）4. “ whether. or.可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句.”Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5. “no matt

34、er + wh”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從何時(shí) 疑問句-ever'相當(dāng)于"no matter疑問詞”，止匕時(shí):no matter who = whoeverno matter what = whateverno matter which = whicheverno matter where = whereverno matter how = howeverNo matter what happened, he would not mind.It's a nice room no matter whom （whoever） it belongs to.6. “no

35、matter + wh”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從何，而“whever'形式除引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句外，還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)：whoever = anyone who任何 的人whatever = anything that任何 的事 （物）whenever = anyplace where®何 的地方I will give the book to whoever needs it.I like whatever you like.7.when 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)置于主句后雖然卻盡管但”He walks when he might take a taxi. 本（應(yīng) .

36、，可以 .）卻 .。when 從句用虛擬式為：could/should . have doneShe stopped trying when she might succeed next time.8 .while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)置于主句前，與 though同，但though從句可到裝，while從句不可倒裝。9 .讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。No matter what he is, he will be punished.十、狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同或?yàn)閕t,同時(shí)從何謂語含be動(dòng)詞，就可省去從旬的主語和be動(dòng)詞。型寸問狀語從句中：Don' t sp

37、eak until (you are) spoken to.While (I was) in Beijing, I lived with my uncle.I want to go swimming when (it is) possible.條件狀語從句中：Come tomorrow if (it is) possible.If (it is) so, you would be punished.Unless (it is) repaired, the TV set is of no use.方式狀語從句中：She stood at the gate as if (she was) wait

38、ing for someone.其他狀語從句中：Though (it was) cold, he still wore a shirt.Fill in the blanks with proper words where (it is) necessary.練習(xí)一、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空：1. Dr. Bethune 白求恩)came to China he was fifty.2. He began to work he got there.3. Let's begin our meeting everyone is here.4. I like the English people,I

39、don't like their food.5. you go in China, you can see smiling faces.6. He didn't come to the lecture,he was very busy.7. we had enough time, we walked to the cinema.8. They will help you you meet with difficulty.9. we came to the university, we have learnt quite a lot.1. .I didn't join t

40、hem yesterday evening I had to go to an important meeting.11. We would try to get a car we could all travel together more easily.12. She wouldn't forget her mother's birthday she seldom wrote to her family.13. We're doing everything we can to make things as easy for you we can.14. The me

41、eting became so disorderly the speaker had to shout the audiencedown.15. He was angrier ever before.16. you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.17. The boy was so tired he fell asleep on the bus.18. Hard he tried, he couldn ' t force the door open.二、選擇填空1. you ' ve tried it, yo

42、u can ' t imagine how pleasant it is.A. UnlessB. BecauseC. AlthoughD. When2. He left in a hurry he forgot his key.A. such, thatB. so, thatC. the same, as D. such, as3. He has loved me I were his son.A. because B. asC. ifD. as though4. I don ' t think I ' ll need any money but I ' ll

43、bring some.A. as lastB. in caseC. once againD. in time5. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up I could answer.A. asB. sinceC. beforeD. until6. We must do it well,rthere are a lot of difficulties.A. as ifB. as thoughC. even though D. even as7 .has taken part in the Athens

44、Olympic Games is worth praising no matter hehas won medals or not.A. Who; if B. Anyone; whether C. Whoever; whether D. Whoever; how8 .-It ' s a long time I saw you last.-Yes, and what a pity it is now that it will be a long time we see each other again.A. before; since B. since; whenC. since; be

45、foreD. when; before9. The head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort he returned to hisoffice.A. untilB. whileC. by the time D. the moment10. He had already walked three or four miles he saw a cart by the side of the road.A. whileB. whenC. the moment D. unless11. Much the young c

46、ouple needed money to make the down payment for theapartment, they wouldn ' t ask their parents for help.A. although B. asC. even ifD. while12. I have kept the photo I can always see it, as it reminds me of the days when Istudied in Britain.A. at which B. whenC. whereD. at the place13. I would appreciate it you can help, me with my English this afternoon.A. because B. untilC. whenD. if14. you may be right, I can ' t altogether agree.A. AsB. WhileC. IfD. Since15. was 1998 I graduated from the university.A. It; when