動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)

1、n 動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)n n 主講：劉艷苓n 大連一中特級英語教師2003年名師課堂輔導(dǎo)講座年名師課堂輔導(dǎo)講座高中部分高中部分n 八種基本時態(tài)：八種基本時態(tài)：n1 .一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 2 .一般過去時一般過去時n3 .現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時 4 .過去進行時過去進行時n5 .現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 6 .過去完成時過去完成時 n7 .一般將來時一般將來時 8 .過去將來時過去將來時n兩種語態(tài)兩種語態(tài)n1 .主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài) 2 .被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài) 動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)的注意事項：動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)的注意事項：v1. 表示來、去、開始、終結(jié)、離開、表示來、去、開始、終結(jié)、離開、到達等意義的瞬間動詞的進行體表到

2、達等意義的瞬間動詞的進行體表示即將發(fā)生的動作。示即將發(fā)生的動作。vMy father is leaving for Shanghai.v2 . 某些動詞的進行體與某些動詞的進行體與 always, often, forever, constantly 連用連用時，表示贊揚、埋怨、生氣和時，表示贊揚、埋怨、生氣和批評。批評。n He always comes late.vHe is always coming late.他總是他總是遲到遲到v3. 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時(1)與一般過去時比較與一般過去時比較I have lost my book.（書現(xiàn)在還沒有找到）（書現(xiàn)在還沒有找到）I lost

3、 my book.（只說明過去某時丟過書）（只說明過去某時丟過書）(2)I have received the gift.I havent received a gift for a long time. I have had the gift for ten years.常用瞬間動詞：fall, arrive, come, leave, start, buy, sell, hear, join(4) I have learned English for 5 years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了我已經(jīng)學(xué)了5年英語年英語 。（已經(jīng)學(xué)了或仍繼續(xù)）。（已經(jīng)學(xué)了或仍繼續(xù)） I learned English for

4、 5 years.我學(xué)過我學(xué)過5年英語。年英語。 （動作已成為過去）（動作已成為過去）(5）He has written a book. 他寫了一本書。他寫了一本書。(已經(jīng)寫好）已經(jīng)寫好） He has been writing a book. 他一直在寫一本書。（仍然在寫）他一直在寫一本書。（仍然在寫）v4. 表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算和意表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算和意圖圖(1). hope, intend, mean, expect, think, want, plan, suppose用于過去完成時用于過去完成時I had hoped to see him ,but I had so

5、mething more important to do.(2). be+to have doneI was to have gone to see the film, but a friend of mine came to see me yesterday. (3). Id like to have done Id like to have gone with you, but my mother stopped me .(4). Id rather have doneId rather have lent you a book, but I couldnt find it last ni

6、ght.(5) Youd better have donev5. 在英語中有些動詞用主動語態(tài)的形式在英語中有些動詞用主動語態(tài)的形式表被動意義：表被動意義：(1). 系動詞：系動詞：feel, smell, taste, sound, feel (2).不及物動詞（表內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)或性能）不及物動詞（表內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)或性能）shut, open, sell, read, wash, catch, cut, write,lock,clean, drawThe cloth washes well.(3).不及物動詞詞組：不及物動詞詞組：happen, take place, occur, come abou

7、t, belong to, break out last, go out, run out, cost, spreadn(4) want, need, require ( 需要需要 ) worth （值得）后用（值得）后用 ing 的主動式的主動式表被動意義。表被動意義。nThe sentence needs improving.nThe walls want painting . Her story is worth listening to.v6.將來時的幾種表達：將來時的幾種表達：(1). be going to /be doing 表示已決定表示已決定的行動和現(xiàn)在有跡象預(yù)示未來。的行動

8、和現(xiàn)在有跡象預(yù)示未來。Are you coming to the Pub ?Im going to keep asking her out until she says yes.It looks as if it is not going to rain.(2).will a: 當我們談及正在作出的一項決定時當我們談及正在作出的一項決定時The phone is ringing, I will answer it .b: 不依人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移，客觀上一定會發(fā)不依人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移，客觀上一定會發(fā)生的事情。生的事情。Next year you will be 17 years old.c: 表示一種意

9、愿。表示一種意愿。If you will listen to me, Ill tell you a story.(3) be to do a: 表示安排要在將來做某事表示安排要在將來做某事The Queen is to visit Japan next year. b: 表示命令表示命令Youre to do your homework before you watch TV.c: 用于條件句中，相當于用于條件句中，相當于want to doYou must learn more if you are to survive in the future society.(4) will be d

10、oing 將來進行時將來進行時a: 表示將來某一時刻正在進行的動作。表示將來某一時刻正在進行的動作。This time tomorrow Ill be lying on a beach in Dalian.b: 表示將來的事已經(jīng)定下來。表示將來的事已經(jīng)定下來。Professor Li will be giving another talk next week.v7 當主句為一般將來時或祈使句時，時當主句為一般將來時或祈使句時，時間或條件狀語從句可以有以下三種表達：間或條件狀語從句可以有以下三種表達：As soon as you see him, give it to him, please.

11、When I have finished the work, Ill go out with you. （強調(diào)完成）（強調(diào)完成）If you will listen to me, Ill tell you about all that happened yesterday.（ 強調(diào)意愿強調(diào)意愿)n8. 以以 here 或或 there 開頭的句子，開頭的句子，說明正在發(fā)生的動作，謂語動詞不說明正在發(fā)生的動作，謂語動詞不用現(xiàn)在進行時，而用一般現(xiàn)在時。用現(xiàn)在進行時，而用一般現(xiàn)在時。nGet it ready. Here comes a bus.nLook ! There flies a kite

12、in the sky.n9. 有些詞（如有些詞（如 taste, smell, sound, look 等）在一般時的句等）在一般時的句子中是系動詞，而在進行時中子中是系動詞，而在進行時中則是行為動詞。則是行為動詞。nIm tasting this soup. It tastes delicious. 動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)典型例題n1.- Hi,where are you going ?n - To see Mary.She is ill.n - Really?I _ with you.nA. am to go B. will gonC. am going D. will be goingBn2.T

13、he experiment is not _until everything gets ready.A. to do B. doing C. done D. to be doneDn3.The students expected there _more reviewing classes before the final examination.A. to be B. are C. being D. have been An4. -Whats the matter, Jane ? You look sad. -Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I _

14、 of my friends back home.A. was just thinking B. Just thought C. have just thoughtD. have just thinkingAn5.Quick, the doors _! Youll _just in time.A. have closed; catch B. are closed; miss itC. close; get in D. are closing; make itDn6. She doesnt work as hard as she _.A. was used to B. did C. used t

15、o be D. used to do Bn7. E-mail, as well as telephone, _an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. playAn8. Mr. White works in a chemical works but he _in his sisters shop, since he is on leave.A. has worked B. works C. is working D. workedCn9. So glad to

16、 see you back ! How long _you there ? A. do ; stay B. did ; stay C. have ; stayed D. have beenBn10. - Youve all handed in your sheets, havent you ? - Sorry. Sir, but my earphone _. -Really ? Youd better _me then.A. havent worked ; tell B. hadnt worked ; tellC. doesnt work ; be informing D. doesnt wo

17、rk ; have informedDn11. If the minister is free and _us, please tell him that we _.A. will receive ; have arrived B. receives ; have reachedC. receives ; have been waited D. wanting to receive ; are waitingAn12. If city noises _from increasing , people _shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept ; will have to B. are not kept ; have to C. do not keep ; will have to D. do not keep; have toAn13. The price _, but I doubt whether it will remain so .A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down