2010年考研英語二真題答案超詳解析

1、2010年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（二）試題答案與解析SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswersonANSWESHEET.(10points)TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemiconJune11,2009.Itisthefirstwo

2、rldwideepidemic1bytheWorldHealthOrganizationin41years.Theheightenedalert2anemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGenevathatconvenedafterasharpriseincasesinAustralia,andrising3inBritain,Japan,Chileandelsewhere.Buttheepidemicis4inseverity,accordingtoMargaretChan,theorganizationsdirectorgeneral,5theoverwhelm

3、ingmajorityofpatientsexperiencingonlymildsymptomsandafullrecovery,ofteninthe6ofanymedicaltreatment.Theoutbreakcametoglobal7inlateApril2009,whenMexicanauthoritiesnoticedanunusuallylargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeaths8healthyadults.AsmuchofMexicoCityshutdownattheheightofapanic,casesbeganto9inNewYork

4、City,thesouthwesternUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.IntheUnitedStates,newcasesseemedtofade10warmerweatherarrived.ButinlateSeptember2009,officialsreportedtherewas11fluactivityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyallthe12testedarethenewswineflu,alsoknownas(A)H1N1,notseasonalflu.IntheU.S.,ithas13morethanone

5、millionpeople,andcausedmorethan600deathsandmorethan6,000hospitalizations.Federalhealthofficials14Tamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstockpileandbegan15ordersfromthestatesforthenewswinefluvaccine.Thenewvaccine,whichisdifferentfromtheannualfluvaccine,is16aheadofexpectations.Morethanthreemilliondoseswere

6、tobemadeavailableinearlyOctober2009,thoughmostofthose17doseswereoftheFluMistnasalspraytype,whichisnot18forpregnantwomen,peopleover50orthosewithbreathingdifficulties,heartdiseaseorseveralother19.Butitwasstillpossibletovaccinatepeopleinotherhigh-riskgroup:healthcareworkers,people20infantsandhealthyyou

7、ngpeople.1AcriticizedBappointedCcommentedDdesignated2AproceededBactivatedCfollowedDprompted3AdigitsBnumbersCamountsDsums4AmoderateBnormalCunusualDextreme5AwithBinCfromDby6AprogressBabsenceCpresenceDfavor7ArealityBphenomenonCconceptDnotice8.AoverBforCamongDto9AstayupBcropupCfillupDcoverup10AasBifCunl

8、essDuntil11AexcessiveBenormousCsignificantDmagnificent12AcategoriesBexamplesCpatternsDsamples13AimpartedBimmerseCinjectedDinfected14AreleasedBrelayedCrelievedDremained15AplacingBdeliveringCtakingDgiving16AfeasibleBavailableCreliableDSectionnReadingcomprehensionPartAText1Thelongestbullruninacenturyof

9、art-markethistoryendedonadramaticatSothebysinLondononSeptember15th2008.Allbuttwopiecessold,fetchingmorethan70m,arecordforasalebyasingleartist.Itwasalastvictory.Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbankruptcy.Theworldartmarkethadalreadybeenlosin

10、gmomentumforawhileafterrisingbewilderinglysince2003.Atitspeakin2007itwasworthsome$65billion,reckonsClareMcAndrew,founderofArtsEconomics,aresearchfirmdoublethefigurefiveyearsearlier.Sincethenitmayhavecomedownto$50billion.Butthemarketgeneratesinterestfarbeyonditssizebecauseitbringstogethergreatwealth,

11、enormousegos,greed,passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMrHirstssale,spendingofanysortapplicable17AprevalentBprincipalCinnovativeDinitial18ApresentedBrestrictedCrecommendedDintroduced19AproblemsBissuesCagoniesDsufferings20AinvolvedinB caringforC conce

12、rnedwithDwardingoffnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,aBeautifulInsideMyHeadForever”,becamedeeplyunfashionable,especiallyinNewYork,wherethebail-outofthebankscoincidedwiththelossofthousandsofjobsandthefinancialdemiseofmanyart-buyinginvestors.Intheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstayedawayfromgalleriesand

13、salerooms.Salesofcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds,andinthemostoverheatedsectorforChinesecontemporaryarttheyweredownbynearly90%intheyeartoNovember2008.Withinweekstheworldstwobiggestauctionhouses,SothebysandChristies,hadtopayoutnearly$200minguaranteestoclientswhohadplacedworksforsalewiththem.Thecurrent

14、downturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuyingImpressionistsattheendof1989,amovethatstartedthemostseriouscontractioninthemarketsincetheSecondWorldWar.Thistimeexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage,thoughsomehavebeenfarmorefluctuant.ButEdwardDolman,Christieschiefexe

15、cutive,says:Imprettyconfidentwereatthebottom.”Whatmakesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast,hesays,isthattherearestillbuyersinthemarket,whereasintheearly1990s,wheninterestrateswerehigh,therewasnodemandeventhoughmanycollectorswantedtosell.Christiesrevenuesinthefirsthalfof2009werestillhigherthaninthefirsthal

16、fof2006.Almosteveryonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblematthemomentisnotalackofdemandbutalackofgoodworktosell.ThethreeDsdeath,debtanddivorcestilldeliverworksofarttothemarket.Butanyonewhodoesnothavetoselliskeepingaway,waitingforconfidencetoreturn.thefirstparagraph,DamienHi

17、rstssalewasreferredtoas“alastvictorybecause.A.theartmarkethadwitnessedasuccessionofvictoriesB. theauctioneerfinallygotthetwopiecesatthehighestbidsC.BeautifulInsideMyHeadForeverwonoverallmasterpiecesD.itwassuccessfullymadejustbeforetheworldfinancialcrisissayingaspendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashiona

18、ble”(Line1-2,theauthorsuggeststhat.A.collectorswerenolongeractivelyinvolvedinart-marketauctionsB.peoplestoppedeverykindofspendingandstayedawayfromgalleriesC.artcollectionasafashionhadlostitsappealtoagreatextentD.worksofartingeneralhadgoneoutoffashionsotheywerenotworthbuying23.Whichofthefollowingstat

19、ementsisNOTtrue?A.Salesofcontemporaryartfelldramaticallyfrom2007to2008.B. Theartmarketsurpassedmanyotherindustriesinmomentum.C.Themarketgenerallywentdownwardinvariousways.D.Someartdealerswereawaitingbetterchancestocome.24.ThethreeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphareA.auctionhousesfavoritesB. contemporar

20、ytrendsC.factorspromotingartworkcirculationD.stylesrepresentingimpressionists25.ThemostappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbeA.FluctuationofArtPricesB. Up-to-dateArtAuctionsC.ArtMarketinDeclineD.ShiftedInterestinArtsText2IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroomawomensgroupthathadinvite

21、dmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequentlyofferingideasandanecdotes,whilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdonttalktothem.Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeand

22、said,Shesthetalkerinourfamily.Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt.Itstrue,heexplained.WhenIcomehomefromwork,Ihavenothingtosay.Ifshedidntkeeptheconversationgoing,wedspendthewholeeveninginsilence.ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsitua

23、tions,theyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbookDivorceTalkthatmostofthewomensheinterviewedbutonlyafewofthemengavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdiv

24、orces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percent,thatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyearavirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoin

25、gfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaning,cooking,socialarrangementsanderrands.Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication:Hedoesntlistentome.Hedoesnttalktome.IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpecta

26、tionoftheirwives.Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisface,whileawomanglaresatthebackofit,wantingtotalk.26.Whatismostwivesmainexpectationoftheirhusbands?A.Talkingtothem.B.Trustingthem.C.Supporti

27、ngtheircareers.D.Sharinghousework.27. Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”(Line3,mostprobablymeans.A.generatingmotivation.B.exertinginfluenceC.causingdamageD.creatingpressure28.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTA.mentendtotalkmoreinpublicthanwomenB. nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfa

28、iledconversationC.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouplesD.afemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthistext?A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.B. Marriagebreak-upstemsfromsexinequalities.C.Husbandandwifehaved

29、ifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.30. Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocusonA.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalkB. adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoonC.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorceratein

30、theU.S.D.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHackerText3Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviorshabitsamongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninrespo

31、nsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecantfigureouthowtochangepeopleshabits,Dr.Curtissaid.Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”ThecompaniesthatDr.Curt

32、isturnedtoProcter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever-hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumerslivesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.Ifyoulookhardenough,youllfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday-chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfreshen

33、ers,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitaminsareresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-

34、preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidntdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowf

35、eaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,“saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromPr

36、octer&Gamble,thecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.aCreatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumerslives,anditsessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcert

37、ainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.31.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap.A shouldbefurthercultivatedB shouldbechangedgraduallyC arede

38、eplyrootedinhistoryD arebasicallyprivateconcerns32.Bottledwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soastoA revealtheirimpactonpeopleshabitsB showtheurgentneedofdailynecessitiesC indicatetheireffectonpeoplesbuyingpowerD manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits33.Whichofthefollowingdoe

39、sNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeopleshabits?ATideB CrestC ColgateD Unilever34.FromthetextweknowthatsomeofconsumershabitsaredevelopedduetoAperfectedartofproductsBautomaticbehaviorcreationCcommercialpromotionsDscientificexperiments35.Theauthorsattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeopleshabi

40、tsisA indifferentB negativeC positiveD biasedText4ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecr

41、osssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdire

42、ctratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.Butasrecentlyasin1986,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelli

43、gence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofStrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.Thes

44、ystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonallyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedo

45、nthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfedera

46、ljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorvs.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconsti

47、tutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.36.FromtheprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem,welearnthatAbothliberateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuriesBdefendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeersCnoagelimitshouldbeimposedforjuryserviceDjudgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic

48、37.Thepracticeofselectingso-calledelitejurorspriorto1968showedAtheinadequacyofantidiscriminationlawsBtheprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainracesCtheconflictingidealsinjuryselectionproceduresDthearrogancecommonamongtheSupremeCourtjustices38.Eveninthe1960s,womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestatesbec

49、auseAtheywereautomaticallybannedbystatelawsBtheyfellfarshortoftherequiredqualificationsCtheyweresupposedtoperformdomesticdutiesDtheytendedtoevadepublicengagement39.AftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwasA sexdiscriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolishedBeducationalrequirementsbec

50、amelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurorsCjurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunityDstatesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem40.IndiscussingtheUSjurysystem,thetextcentersonAitsnatureandproblemsBitscharacteristicsandtraditionCitsproblemsandtheirsolutionsDits

51、traditionanddevelopmentPartBBOTHBoeingandAirbushavetrumpetedtheefficiencyoftheirnewestaircraft,the787andA350respectively.Theircleverdesignsandlightweightcompositescertainlymakeadifference.ButagroupofresearchersatStanfordUniversity,ledbyIlanKroo,hassuggestedthatairlinescouldtakeamorenaturalisticappro

52、achtocuttingjet-fueluse,anditwouldnotrequirethemtobuynewaircraft.Theanswer,saysDrKroo,lieswithbirds.Since1914,andaseminalpaperbyaGermanresearchercalledCarlWieselsberger,scientistshaveknownthatbirdsflyinginformationaV-shape,echelonorotherwiseexpendlessenergy.Theairflowingoverabirdswingscurlsupwardsbe

53、hindthewingtips,aphenomenonknownasupwash.Otherbirdsflyingintheupwashexperiencereduceddrag,andspendlessenergypropellingthemselves.PeterLissaman,anaeronauticsexpertwhowasformerlyatCaltechandtheUniversityofSouthernWhenappliedtoaircraft,theprinciplesarenotsubstantiallydifferent.DrKrooandhisteammodelledw

54、hatwouldhappenifthreepassengerjetsdepartingfromLosAngeles,SanFranciscoandLasVegasweretorendezvousoverUtah,assumeaninvertedV-formation,occasionallyswapplacessoallcouldhaveaturninthemostfavourablepositions,andproceedtoLondon.Theyfoundthattheaircraftconsumedasmuchas15%lessfuel(withaconcomitantreduction

55、incarbon-dioxideoutput).Nitrogen-oxideemissionsduringthecruisingportionsoftheflightfellbyaroundaquarter.Thereare,ofcourse,kinkstobeworkedout.Oneconsiderationissafety,oratleasttheperceptionofit.Wouldpassengersfeelcomfortabletravellinginconvoy?DrKroopointsoutthattheaircraftcouldbeseparatedbyseveralnau

56、ticalmiles,andwouldnotbeintheunnervinglycosygroupingsfavouredbydisplayteamsliketheRedArrows.Apassengerpeeringoutofthewindowmightnotevenseetheotherplanes.Whethertheseparationdistancesinvolvedwouldsatisfyair-traffic-controlregulationsisanothermatter,althoughaworkinggroupattheInternationalCivilAviation

57、.Organisationhasincludedthepossibilityofformationflyinginablueprintfornewoperationalguidelines.Itremainstobeseenhowweatherconditionsaffecttheairflowsthatmakeformationflightmoreefficient.Inzonesofincreasedturbulence,theplaneswakeswilldecaymorequicklyandtheeffectwilldiminish.DrKroosaysthisisoneofthear

58、eashisteamwillinvestigatefurther.Itmightalsobehardforairlinestoco-ordinatethedeparturetimesanddestinationsofpassengeraircraftinawaythatwouldallowthemtogainfromformationflight.Cargoaircraft,incontrast,mightbeeasiertoreschedule,asmightroutinemilitaryflights.Asithappens,Americasarmedforcesareonthecasea

59、lready.EarlierthisyearthecountrysDefenceAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyannouncedplanstopayBoeingtoinvestigateformationflight,thoughtheprogrammehasyettobegin.Therearereportsthatsomemilitaryaircraftflewinformationwhentheywerelowonfuelduringthesecondworldwar,butDrLissamansaystheyareapocryphal.Myfatherwa

60、sanRAFpilotandmycousintheskipperofaLancasterlostoverBerlin,headds.Soheshouldknow.41. FindingsoftheStanfordUniversityresearcherswillpromotethesalesofnewBoeingandAirbusaircraft.42.Theupwashexperiencemaysavepropellingenergyaswellasreducingresistance.flightismorecomfortablebecausepassengerscannotseetheotherplan