完整版賓語從句講解文檔良心出品

1、賓語從句賓語從句是 名詞性從句 的一種.在主從復合句 中充當賓語,位于及物動詞、介詞或復合 謂語之后的從句稱為 賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類： 動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和 形 容詞的賓語從句.用法賓語從句結構：主語+謂語+由連詞引導賓語從句陳述語序附屬連詞連接賓語從句的附屬連詞主要有 that,if,whether,和疑問詞what, how , where , when .1 that 無詞義,不做成分；if,whether表達是否的意思,但是不做句子的成分 that引導表示陳述句的賓語從句,if和whether , whether.or not引導表示 是否的一般疑問句 的賓語從句.I

2、f和whether的區(qū)另1J ：if和whether在作是否“理解時,引導賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介詞后一般不用if.少數(shù)動詞,如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用 whether.whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.在不定式前只能用 whether.一般no matter后表 示是否“用whether而不用if.2連接代詞 主要有：who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問,但wh

3、at,whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.Tell him which class you are in .Do you know what he likes ?3連接副詞 主要有 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 等.He didn t tell me when we should meet again .他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面.注：賓語從句通常跟在名詞或代詞后面.賓語從句-動賓從句大多數(shù)及物動詞都可以帶賓語從句.局部 動詞+副詞結構也可以帶賓語從句.動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句,常見的這些詞有：make sure 保證、

4、 make up one s mind 下決心、 keep in mind牢記可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有賓語補足語的時候,那么需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it 雙賓語這類動詞主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see.to.award,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tell賓語從句-介賓從句用whether之類的介詞賓語從句.用that,if引導的介詞

5、賓語從句,有時候except,but,besides 三個介詞后可見到 that引導的賓 語從句.賓語從句-形容詞+賓從句有些形容詞具有動詞的含義,所以也可以帶一個賓語從句；例句：I am sorry I am late.I am glad that you can join us.Are you sure his answer is right?常用來引導賓語從句的形容詞有：sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised賓語從句否認轉移注：否認前移的條件是,主句主語是第一人稱主句的 謂語動詞 是 think,be

6、lieve,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess 等,并且主 句的主語是第一人稱 而且為一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的否認詞一般要轉移到主句上來.否認前移的反意問句完成反意問句時,應與從句主、謂保持一致.如果賓語從句中有某個含有否認意義的形容詞 或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.我們通常稱為否認前移.eg . I dont think you are right,are you ?I dont believe they have finished their work yet,have they ?賓語從句時態(tài)和語序當主句為現(xiàn)在時或將來時,賓語從句的時態(tài)一

7、般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響.當主句為過去時從句用一般過去時或過去進行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生從句過去完成時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后如果從句是一個客觀真理,那么從句的時態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)而變化當賓語從句的引導詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why 等表疑問時,不能按正常語序安排,經常將這類引導詞置于句首無論任何時候都為陳述語序.但也有局部口語提問例外E.G:Whats the matter?Whatswrong with you?賓語從句學習技巧學習賓語從句要抓住三要素：引導詞、語序和時態(tài).一、引導詞

8、1 .從句為陳述句,常選擇引導詞that或將that省略,直接與主句相連.2 .從句為一般疑問句,常選擇引導詞if或whether o在whetheror not結構中不能 用if替換.3 .從句為特殊疑問句,常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how 等疑問代詞、疑問副詞作引導詞. 注意：當who為主語時,句式為：who+謂語+其他.從句的弓I導詞有很多,如： say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel 等.二、判斷時態(tài)情況1 .主句是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句為各種時態(tài).2 .主句是一般過去

9、時,從句為各種相應過去 時態(tài).注意：從句描繪客觀事實,用一 般現(xiàn)在時.He answered that he was listening to me.3 .關系代詞:that, who , whom,whose,which1. The teacher told the children that the sun round.A.wasB. isC. wereD. are2. I believe that our team the basketball match.A.win B. won C. will win D. wins三、賓語從句的用法1 .that引導賓語從句無意義,不充當句子成分常

10、省略.但是在書面上最好不要省略.下 列情況除外： .介詞賓語從句的that不能省略. .and連接的兩個從句,兩個從句的that不能省略.He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college. .在動詞+it+賓語補足語+賓語從句結構中,that不省略.I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time2 .許多帶復合賓語 的句子,賓語從句經常移到

11、句子后部,而用 it做形式賓語.結構是:主語+動詞+ it +形容詞/名詞等賓語補足語+賓語從句We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone. .賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序.False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. .有時候可以用it作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語從句放在后面.Bad: I thought that he could finis

12、h this job in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. .帶有賓語從句的 復合句的否認形式一般是否認主句.Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher.Good: I don t think he likes the English teacher. .主句一般過去時態(tài),從句也要用過去時態(tài)；具體細節(jié)請看第一局部.False: He wanted to know wh

13、y he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.(4)賓語從句后置如果賓語從句后有賓語 補語,用it作形式賓語,把賓語從句后置eg . You may think it strange that he would live there .(5) that不可省略賓語從句that?？墒÷?但在以下情況下不能省略A.當主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時,可以省略第一個 that,其他不能 省略.eg . I believe (that) you have done yo

14、ur best and that things will get better .B.當it作形式賓語時eg . She made it clear that she had nothing to do with himC.當賓語從句前置時eg . That our team will win , I believe .(6)由陳述句變成賓語從句時,要注意人稱的變化.例： She said: I have been to England before. She said that she had been to England before.7賓語從句與簡單句的交換.由連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句,如果賓語從句的主語和主句的主語是同一個人 時,可以用疑問詞+不定式做賓語的簡單句結構.例：I don t know what I should do next. I don t know what to do next.1. Can you seeA.what he s reading B. what is he reading2. Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?( -Do you know Jack from Japan擴充：運用虛擬語氣C.what does he read合并成