小學(xué)英語句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)總結(jié)

1、小學(xué)英語句子根本結(jié)構(gòu)匯總本章主要講解兩個方面：1句子的成分和根本句型；2句子的種類.一、句子的成分和根本句型1. 句子的成分主語+謂語=主題成分表語+賓語直接/間接賓語+賓語補足語+定語+狀語=次要局部 主語subject主語是謂語講述的對象,表示所說的“是什么或“是誰.一般由名詞、 代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)丁名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng).它在句首.We study in NO. 1 Middle School .we是主語,我們在一中上學(xué).The classroom is very clean .The classroom是主語,這個教室很干凈.Three students were absent .Th

2、ree students 是主語,三個學(xué)生缺席.To teach them English is my job.To teach them English是主語,教他們英語是我的工作It is my job to teach them English.此句為特殊句式,it作形式主語,真正的主語是to teach them English 謂語predicate說明主語“做什么、“是什么或“怎么樣,謂語謂語局部里主要的詞必須用動詞.謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致,它在主語后面.- His parents are doctors .他的父母是醫(yī)生.-She looks well .她看起來不錯

3、.-We study hard .我們學(xué)習(xí)很刻苦.- We have finished reading the book .我們已經(jīng)讀完了這本書.- He can speak English .他可以說英語. 表語 predicative表語說明主語“是什么或者“怎么樣,由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞 短語、不定式及相當(dāng)丁名詞或形容詞的詞或短語來擔(dān)任.它的位置在系動詞后 面.You look younger than before .你看起來比以前更年輕了.I am a teacher .我是個老師.Every body is he . 所有 的人都在這.They are at home now

4、. 他們現(xiàn)在在家.My job is to teach them English.我的工作是教他們英語. 賓語object賓語是動作、行為的對象,由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)丁名詞的詞、短語 來擔(dān)任,它和及物動詞一起說明主語做什么,在謂語之后.She is playing the piano now .她現(xiàn)在正在彈鋼琴.He often helps me_. 他經(jīng)常幫助我.He likes to sleep in the open air .他喜歡在室外睡覺.We enjoy living in China .我們喜歡在中國生活. 賓語*卜足語 object complement賓語后面加上一個

5、詞或一個短語用來對賓語的特征、狀態(tài)等情況進行補充 說明,這個詞或短語叫做賓賓語補足語.它和前面的賓語一起形成“復(fù)合賓語 它可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞或動詞不定式等.“賓語+賓語補足語=復(fù)合賓語?Leave the door open. open是 door 的賓*卜讓門開著.?We found Li Ming out when we arrived. 副詞 out,是李明的賓補當(dāng) 我們到達的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)李明出去了.?Makeyourself at home. at home副詞短語做 yourself 的賓補別拘束, 隨便.就像在自己家一樣.? I saw a stranger en

6、ter the building. enter the building 做 a stranger 的賓補我看見一個陌生人進入了大樓.?The boss kept them working all day. working all day 做 them 的賓 補老板讓他們一整天都在工作.?Yesterday he got his leg broken.broken 做 his leg 的賓補昨天他的腿受傷了. 狀語adverbial狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞.它表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式程度等意義,一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中.He did it carefully .

7、他認真的做這件事.Without his help , we couldn ' t work it out .沒有他的幫助,我們不 能完成這件事.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard . 為了 趕上我的同班同學(xué),我必須努力學(xué)習(xí). 定語 attributive定語用來修飾名詞或代詞,但凡有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語,不定式或相當(dāng)丁形容詞的詞或短語等都可以擔(dān) 任定語.The black bike is mine .形容詞black修飾名詞bike 這個黑色的自行車是我的.Wh

8、at is your name?形容詞性物主代詞your修飾名詞name你叫什么名字They made paper flowers.名詞paper修飾名詞flowers 他們制備紙花.The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One.介詞短語in the room 修飾名詞boys這個房間里的男孩們在一年級三班.I have something to do.動詞不定式to do修飾名詞something 我有一些事要做.根本句型 第1種句型S+V 主語+謂語 主語+謂語不及物動詞? Class begins. class 主語,動詞 begin

9、s 做謂語?We begin our class at 8.we做主語,begin 做謂語 第2種句型S+V+O主語+謂語及物動詞+賓語? My father read the book.my father做主語,read做謂語,the book做賓語 我爸爸讀書.?She likes English.She做主語,likes 做謂語,English做賓語? I know him very well.I做主語,know做謂語,him做賓語我很了解他?He stopped writing. he做主語,stopped 做謂語,writing 做賓語?You must listen to me.

10、you 做主語,must listen to 做謂語,me做賓 語你必須聽我的.第3種句型S+V+P主語+系動詞+表語?He became a scientist.He做主語,became做系動詞,名詞短語a scientist 做表語.他成為 了一個科學(xué)家.? They are honest.They做主語,are是系動詞,形容詞honest是表語他們是忠誠的.They are at home now.They是主語,are是系動詞,介詞短語at hom城表語他們現(xiàn)在在家.My job is to teach them English. My job 是主語,is 是系動詞,動 詞不定式to

11、 teach them English 是表語 我的工作是教他們英語. 在句子中經(jīng)常作為系動詞的動詞有keep look smell sound taste feelgrow get go turn 第4種句型S+V+IO+DO主語+謂語及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象間接賓語表示動作是對誰做的,或是為誰做的雙賓語：直接賓語表示動作結(jié)果和間接賓語動作目標He gave Tom a present. he是主語,gave是謂語,Tom是間接賓語, a present是直接賓語Give it to_me._give是謂語,it是直接賓語,me是間接賓語必背：p.7間接賓語在

12、后面時,其前必須加to “給或for 給、“替、“為直接賓語和間接賓語的使用間+直當(dāng)直接賓語是人稱代詞時,為了強調(diào)間接賓語,直+問我把它遞給我媽媽.? I passed it to_my mother. it 是直接賓語, my mother 是間接賓語 她把它們?nèi)咏o我.?She threw them to mjthem是直接賓語,meHl'i接賓語我為他找到多余的書/票.? I found spare books/tickets for him. spare books 是直接賓語, him是間接賓語“疑問詞+不定式作直接賓語 他教我如何讀這個單詞.?He taught me how

13、 to read the word. me是間接賓語, howto read theword是直接賓語我告訴他做什么.? I told him what to do.him 是間接賓語,what to do 是直接賓語他問我為什么唱這支歌.?He asked me why to sing this song.me是間接賓語, why to sing thissong是直接賓語她問我走哪條路.?She asked me which way to go. me 是間接賓語, which way to go 是直接賓語第5種句型S+V+O+OC主語+謂語及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語call , nam

14、e mak§ think , and, leave他們使她幸福.?They made her happy. They 是主語, made是謂語,her 是賓語,happy是賓補我們叫她康妮.?We call her Connie.we是主語,call 是謂語,her 是賓語,Connie 是賓補我覺得這部電影很有意思.?I found the movie interesting . I 是主語,found 是謂語,the movie是賓語,interesting 是賓補他讓這個窗戶開著.?Heleft the window open. He是主語,left 是謂語,the Windo

15、w是賓語,open是賓*卜我看見她跳舞了.? I saw her dance. I是主語,saw是謂語,her是賓語,dance是賓補第4種句型和第5種句型雙賓語和復(fù)合賓語的比較第4種句型變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài),有兩種情況：? We sent them a telegram.我們給他們發(fā)了個電報.t They were sent a telegram.t A telegram was sent to them.第5種句型變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,只有一種句式.? I will make you king.t You will be made king .? He gave me a book.? He calls

16、 me Tom.賓語+賓語補足語可以形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,即“我是湯姆；間接賓語和直接賓語不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,即不能想像為“我是一本 書.1用所給的單詞組成句子1. to, the, box, I, want, take, to, room, heavy, the_I want to take the heavy box to the room. 2.look, things, the, after, boys, their, mustThe boys must look after their things. 3. here, all, are, you You are all here

17、.4. today, who, duty, is, onWho is on duty today?5. Miss, them, 3 years ago, Wang, taught, JapaneseMiss Wang taught them Japanese 3 years ago.6.is, rice, bag, in, there, much, theThere is much rice in the bag.? 2根據(jù)中文提小,完成下歹0句子1. Have you ever been to 最遠的小島?2. We must 保持清潔our classroom.3. They and 每兩

18、小時,必須坐下休息two hours.4. After work he always 感至U有點兒累.5. There is 有點JL毛病with Linda's cat's eyes.6.I can see 沒有異常之物in the tree.7.Mr. Fang is 去訪問his aunt.二、句子的種類1、陳述句但凡說明一件事情,提出一個看法,或是表達一種心情的句子有肯定式和否認式.句末用句號“ ,通常用降調(diào)否認結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)本卷須知A、使用not的局部否認如果使用了 very , always以及all , both , every及every的復(fù)合詞? I don'

19、 t play football well.? I don' t play football very well.? It isn ' t always hot here in summer.B、not的其他否認表示a not - at all一點也不我一點兒也不累.? I ' m not tired at all.我一點兒也不喜歡它.? I don' t like it at all.b not any more, not any longer 再也不我再也不在這兒住了.I don' t live here any longer.我再也不能多吃了.?

20、I can not eat any more.=I can eat no more.2、祈使句表示請求、命令、建議等.謂語動詞一律用原形.通常不用主語,句末用 驚嘆號或句號,用降調(diào).1含有第二人稱主語的祈使句A、肯定式：動詞原形+(省主語)? Stand up.?Be quiet, please.?Do study hard.? Li Ming, come here .?Come here, Li Ming含有第一、三人稱主語的祈使句A、肯定的祈使句Let + 第一人稱(me, us) +Let +第三人稱代詞(him/her/it/them )或名詞+咱們馬上動身吧.? Let' s

21、 go at once .? Let ' s go, shall/shan ' t we?.? Let us go, will/won ' t you ?Yes, let ' s/No, let ' s not.? Let me try again .? Let Tom go there himself .B、否認的祈使句Let' s (us, me) + not + 動詞原形 +Don' t let +第三人稱代詞的賓格或名詞+動詞原形?Let ' s not say anything about it .? Don'

22、t let them play with fire .Let them not play with fire.3、感慨句表示喜、怒、哀、樂等強烈感情.分為兩種：一種以 what引導(dǎo),一種以how 引導(dǎo).句尾用感慨號“！ .用降調(diào).what引導(dǎo)的感慨句：What琢詞或形容詞+名詞+陳述句主語+謂語！他是個多么老實的人??！? What an honest man he is!這些是多么大的蘋果啊！? What big apples these are!多么好的天氣??！? What fine weather it is!2 how引導(dǎo)的感慨句：How形容詞或副詞+陳述句主語+謂語+！今天天氣多熱阿！

23、How hot it is today!那鳳箏飛得多么高??！How high the kite is flying!他跑的多快??！How fast he runs!多么老實的人啊！How honest the man is!我多想當(dāng)個老師阿1How I want to be a teacher !1按要求改寫以下句子1. There is some milk in the bottle .改為否認句1. There isn't any milk in the bottle.2. Take the chair to the door .改為否認句2. Don't take the

24、 chair to the door.3. He did the housework yesterday .改為否認句3. He didn't do the housework yesterday.4. The ship is big .改為感慨句4. How big the ship is!/What a big ship it is!5. He does well in maths .改為否認句5. He doesn't do well in maths.6. They can put the bag in the box .改為否認句6. They cannot put

25、the bag in the box.7. Give him a bottle of milk .改為否認句7. Don't give him a bottle of milk.8. He had done with the goods before he went away .改為否認句8. He hadn't done with the goods before he went away.9. These people are very brave .改為感慨句9. How brave these people are!/What brave people they are

26、!10. Tom has strong arms .改為 What引導(dǎo)的感慨句10. What strong arms Tom has!11. This film is very good .改為 How引導(dǎo)的感慨句_改為感慨句11. How good the film is!12. I want to be a doctor12. How I want to be a doctor!13. There was something wrong with the radio .改為否認句13. There was nothing wrong with the radio.or: There wasn&#