“情態(tài)動詞havedone”表推測一覽表

1、"情態(tài)動詞+have done"表推測一覽表情態(tài)動詞 + have done用法例句must have done一定已經(jīng)做了They must have fini shed their work.can 'have done不可能已經(jīng)做了They can 'have fini shed their workcould have done可能已經(jīng)做了或本來可能做但未做You could have used my computer because I did n'use it.may have done也許已經(jīng)做了They may have fini s

2、hed their work.might have done也許已經(jīng)做了或本來可以做但未做You mighthave used my computer because I did n'tuse it.Should/ought to have done本來該做但未做You Should have studied hard.n eed not have done本來不必做但做了You n eed not have gone out.would rather have done過去寧愿做但未做I would rather not have gone there.would like to h

3、ave done過去想做但未做I would like to have seen the film.had better have done當(dāng)時最好做了某事You 'better have gone there."情態(tài)動詞+be doi ng "表推測一覽表情態(tài)動詞+ be doing用法例句must be doing一定正在做They must be watch ing TV now.can 'be doing不可能正在做They can 'be watching TV now.May/might be doing也許正在做They may be

4、watch ing TV now.口訣：“情動”加上have done推測事情已經(jīng)干;“情動”加上be doing推測事情在進(jìn)行；條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣：條件句分為真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句兩種，真實(shí)條件句用陳述語氣,虛擬條件句用虛擬語氣。（虛擬條件句是虛擬語氣的重點(diǎn)）虛擬條件句關(guān)鍵是要熟練掌握以下三大公式：三個相反從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反If sb did/were Sb would/should/could/might do-與過去事實(shí)相反If sb had done Sb would/should/could/might have done/have been與將來事實(shí)相反If sb did

5、/were If sb were to do If sb should doSb would/should/could/might do-1、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣：有三種情況。一是在動詞 in sist（堅(jiān)持），order （命令），comma nd（命令），suggest（建議），advise （建議）。 Recomme nd （建議，推薦）,require （要求）request （請求）,dema nd （要求）,desire （要求， 愿望）,等動詞后面的賓語從句中一般用虛擬語氣，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+should+動詞原形”，其中should可以省略。把以上10個動詞簡稱為：一個“堅(jiān)持”，

6、兩個“命令”，三個“建議”，四個“要求”。 二是動詞wish之后接賓語從句一定要用虛擬語氣。從句的時態(tài)是：1、與過去事實(shí)相反用 had don e/had bee n,2、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用 did或were,3、 與將來事實(shí)相反用“would/might/could/should+動詞原形”。注意：wish在簡單句中并非表示的是虛擬語氣，如：wish you success祝你成功。三是在would rather的賓語從句中，也要使用虛擬語氣，其從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)用一般過去時。如：I would rather you did n'hear what I said.我寧愿你沒有聽到我說

7、的話。2、主語從句中的虛擬語氣少數(shù)“it is+形容詞+that+主語+should+動詞原形”，其中should同樣可以省略。常見形容詞有：important,necessary,strange,unusual,curious,remarkable,surprising,desirable,natu等I。3、定語從句中的虛擬語氣“it is(high/about) time that+主語+動詞的過去式，或者是“ should+動詞原形”。Time是先行詞，that是引導(dǎo)詞，其意思是“早該做什么事了”如： 1、It is high time that you went to school.=

8、it is high time that you should go to school.你該上學(xué)了。2、It is about time that you picked up your daughter at school.= It is about time that you should pick up your daughter at schoo 你該去學(xué)校接你女兒 了。熟練掌握強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：句型結(jié)構(gòu)是：it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子原有部分。在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，強(qiáng)調(diào)人時，一般用who,也可用that但強(qiáng)調(diào)時間，地點(diǎn)等時只能用that,不能用when,where等。1、強(qiáng)

9、調(diào)主語2、強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語3、強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語4、強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語。notun til的三大句型：例：媽媽回家之后我才睡覺。正常 I did not go to bed until my mother come back home.強(qiáng)調(diào) It was not until my mother came back home that I went to bed.倒裝 Not until my mother came back home did I go to bed.怎樣識別notuntil是強(qiáng)調(diào)句還是倒裝句呢？很簡單，如果否定詞not在句首，就是倒裝 句，如果 it 在句首，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。it 的 10 大句型1

10、、It was for the first time that I wrote to a foreign pen friend.這確實(shí)是我第一次給一個外 國筆友寫信。這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。還原為：I wrote to a foreign pen friend for the first time.2、It is the first time that I have written to a foreign pen friend. 這是我第一次給一個外國筆友寫信這是定語從句，that之后的時態(tài)要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。3、It was eight when the class begai8.點(diǎn)鐘開始上課。這是時

11、間狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It was at eight that the class began.4、It is possible that I will enter this key university.我上這所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)是可能的。這是主語從句。 It 是形式主語。 that I will enter this key university 是真正主語。還原成：That I will enter this key university is possible.5、 It is/has been three years since he got married婚（成家）已經(jīng)三年了。It is/h

12、as bee n some time si nee sb did短暫性動詞）sth意為“自從某人干某事已經(jīng)有多長時間”例如：It is/has bee n three years since he worked he他不在這兒工作已經(jīng)三年了。6、It will be one year before she finishes middle schoo再有一年時間她就中學(xué)畢業(yè)了。It is/was/ will be some time before意為“過多長時間后再干什么”。7、It is high time we went to school我們上學(xué)的時間到了。這時定語從句，在It is (h

13、igh) time that- 句型中，that之后謂語動詞的時態(tài)要用一般過去 時或“should+動詞原形”,屬于虛擬語氣。8、It is said that a new factory will be built nearby my hometown據(jù)說一家新工廠將見在 我家鄉(xiāng)附近。這時主語從句。it is+ 過去分詞 +that.。類似的句型還有：It is reported that/It is known that/ It is thought that/ It is suggested that-/ It is believed that/ It is hoped that等。9、

14、It looks as if it is going to snow.看起來要下雪了。這時表語從句，類似的句型還有：It seems to sb that-/ It (so)happe ned that / It 即 pearsto sb that(=as if)等。10、It is necessary that we should master a foreign Ianguag我們掌握一門外語是必需的。這是主語從句，在"It is+少數(shù)形容詞+that sb should do”這種句型中，it同樣是形式主 語，that之后從句的謂語動詞是 “should+動詞原形”，其中sho

15、uld可以省略。這樣的形 容詞有 necessary/important/unusual/strange/natura等。情態(tài)動詞+have done表推測、musthave done 定已經(jīng)做了。They must have finished their work.他們一定做了他們的工作。二、1、Can have done可能已經(jīng)做了。2、Can 'have done不可能已經(jīng)做了。They can have finished/homework so quickly.他們可能很快完成他們的工作。They can'n have finished/homework so quic

16、kly.他們不可能很快完成他們的工作。They can have gone to bed/since/the door is closed門關(guān)著，他們可能已經(jīng)睡著了。完成 ；時態(tài)+since三、1、Could have done可能已經(jīng)做過。（對過去事情的推測）2、Couldn 'have done.不可能已經(jīng)做過。You could have used my computer because I did n'tuse it.你可能使用過我的游戲機(jī)。因?yàn)槲也荒苁褂盟?。you could n 'have used my computer你不可能使用過我的游戲機(jī)。3、Cou

17、ld have done表過去虛擬語氣，過去表本來會做而未做。含責(zé)備，遺憾的語氣。It was so fine yesterday,you could have come out for a walk.（對過去的虛擬語氣）昨天天氣好,你本來可以岀來散散步的。（事實(shí)上沒有散步，對過去本來會做而沒有做。）4、would have done.表示虛擬語氣，本來完全可以做，而沒有做。Iwould have come/to help /you with the work yesterday（to do）/but I was too busy.昨天我本想幫你做工作的，但我太忙了。（遺憾的語氣）四、shou

18、ld have done表示虛擬語氣，本應(yīng)該做而沒有做。should=ought to應(yīng)該1、 Should n'thave done本不應(yīng)該做。（事實(shí)上做了）-He shouldn'thave swum /in the lake /alone.他本不應(yīng)該獨(dú)自一人在湖里游泳。（事實(shí)上已經(jīng)游泳了，責(zé)備的語氣）2、you should have studied hard.你本來應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)努力。（事實(shí)上沒有做到）多此一舉”五、needn'thave done表示虛擬語氣。本來不必做，但做了1、You needn'thave watered /the flowers.你本

19、來不需要給花澆水。六、will /shall have done.表示將來完成時，不表示推測，也不表示虛擬。七、may have done.也許已經(jīng)做了。They may have finished homework.他們也許已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)。You may have read the book.他也許已經(jīng)讀過書。八、might have done.也許已經(jīng)做過，本來做但未做。（虛擬語氣）They might have won the match.他們本來可以贏得這場比賽。（事實(shí)上沒有贏）Imight have passed the exam我本來可以通過考試。（事實(shí)上沒有通過）（虛擬語氣）九、n

20、eedn'thave done本來不必做但做了。（虛擬語氣）You n eed not have gone out你本來不必岀去。（事實(shí)上岀去了）十、would rather have done.過去寧愿做但未做。（對過去的虛擬）I would rather you paid the money yourself.我寧愿你自己付錢，AA 制。Iwould rather not have gon e/there.我寧愿沒有去過哪兒。I would rather do it today.我寧愿今天做。十、would like to have done.過去想做但未做。（虛擬語氣，過去的虛擬

21、）Iwould like to have seen/the film.我過去想看場電影。（事實(shí)上沒有看）十二、had better have done當(dāng)時最好做了某事。You'd better have gon e/there你當(dāng)時最好去哪兒。（事實(shí)上沒有去）You had better not go dancing toni ght.你最好今天晚上不去跳舞。 情態(tài)動詞+be goi ng.表推測：Must be doi ng. 一定正在做They must be watchi ng TV nowCan tbe doing.不可能正在做They can't be watchi

22、ng TV nowMay/might be doing.也許正在做They may be watchi ng TV now連詞 other wise,or, but 與 with, whithout, but, if onlyII ；否則但是 有 沒有但是 只要及其in case/for fear that/lest引導(dǎo)的從句，要用虛擬語氣。I !；以免以免免With you help, we might fin ish the work earlier.有你的幫助，我或許能早點(diǎn)完成工作。Whithout water, there would be no life.沒有水，就沒有生物。情態(tài)動詞

23、表推測（排名次）一、1、must 一定，必須。語氣強(qiáng)硬。must=have to不得不，適用于各種時態(tài)。例句:1、It' very late now, must you watch TV?（must 非要，偏要）You must go=you have to go 你必須走。2、must/needn't,用 must 提問，用 needn't 否定回答Must I be here/at eight tomorrow morning?No ,you needn't 或者 no you can'不，你不必3、must+be表推測，一定 ，一定是。You mu

24、st be tired.你一定是累了。You must see her你一定要見她。She must be play ing pia no.她一定是在彈鋼琴。4、need/must用 need提問，肯定回答 ,yes ,you must.need I do anything for you.我需要為你做任何是嗎。yes, you must /No,you n eed n '是的，你一定的做。不，你不必。二、can /be able to.能夠，能力。適用于現(xiàn)在時、過去時。表推測可能。be able to適用于各種時態(tài)，表努力實(shí)現(xiàn)的能力。He /has bee n able to /sp

25、eak En glish since /he was a child他 自從小時候起，他就會說英語。此處be able to用于完成時，而 can不能。Could表委婉的語氣。Could you help me?你能幫我嗎？三、may/might也許，可能。表不太確定，語氣較弱。may, I come in.No, you mustn 't/can't / yes, you may.用 may 提問，否定回答。 No ,you mustn '/No can'.May /might as well. “不妨，最好”與 had better相近。You /might

26、 as well /go home now.你最好現(xiàn)在回家。最好四、shall /will, will用于各種人稱，shall用于第一人稱單復(fù)數(shù)I ,weShall用于二、三人稱，表示命令，威脅，允諾，決心。Study hard and you shall get arise,said the teacher（表示允諾）“努力學(xué)習(xí)你將得到獎勵” 老師說。（二、三人稱）Shall we come to see you?要不要我們來看你？五、should /ought to 應(yīng)該。Ought to表責(zé)任，義務(wù) 法律ShoUld建議、勸告1、you should study /English har

27、d.你應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)英語。應(yīng)該 Should 竟然You should play computer golme，你竟然玩游戲。Should she do /such a thi ng?她竟然做這種事情?How /shouldI know?我竟然不知道？Why /should you talk like that .你為什么這樣說話。dare /need既是情態(tài)動詞，又是實(shí)義動詞。you /n eed n'tgo /there today, n eed you（情態(tài)動詞，反意疑問句 ） you/need to go /there today, don 'tyo u.（行為動詞，反意疑問句 ） n eed to do