神經(jīng)病學(xué)教學(xué)大綱(供八年制)

1、 神經(jīng)病學(xué)教學(xué)大綱（供八年制）Syllabus of Neurology (for 8-year Medical Students)（2008.4 修訂）一、課程基本信息（basic information of this course）課程名稱(name of the course)：神經(jīng)科學(xué)模塊2（neuroscience unit 2）課程號（代碼）(code)：502146030課程類別(type of the course)：（專業(yè)與服務(wù)課程）學(xué)時(time)：48 學(xué)分(score)：3二、教學(xué)目的及要求神經(jīng)科學(xué)模塊2是整合了神經(jīng)病學(xué)、神經(jīng)外科學(xué)及精神疾病相關(guān)知識。根據(jù)培養(yǎng)目標，通

2、過教與學(xué)，使學(xué)生能夠掌握神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病學(xué)的基本知識、基礎(chǔ)理論和基本技能以及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)常見病與多發(fā)病的診斷與防治知識。在教學(xué)中，采用以問題為基礎(chǔ)的教學(xué)方式，充分發(fā)揮教師的主導(dǎo)作用，由淺入深，重點突出，適當(dāng)介紹本學(xué)科的新進展。充分調(diào)動學(xué)生的積極性，獨立思考，提倡積極討論問題，理論聯(lián)系實際，培養(yǎng)他們的自學(xué)能力及分析解決問題的能力。將神內(nèi)、神外與精神科相結(jié)合，可使學(xué)生掌握知識更加全面。本大綱按自編講義內(nèi)容并參考認知領(lǐng)域和臨床技能考試大綱的內(nèi)容編寫，并提供參考書。在教學(xué)目的要求方面用“掌握”、“熟悉”、“了解”來說明不同程度的學(xué)習(xí)要求。Objective and requirements:Neuroscie

3、nce unit 2 is a combination of neurology, neurosurgery and psychology. All medical students should acquire and maintain some basic knowledge, theories and skills of neuroscience, and master the diagnosis, treatments and prevention of common neurological disorders. In the class, teachers should play

4、a key role, introduce the knowledge step by step with the problem-based model, emphasize the keystones, and present the students with the new improvements on neuroscience. Teachers should enlighten students to think independently, discuss actively and to combine the theories with practice so that th

5、ey can improve their abilities of self-study and solving problems. The conjunction of neurology, neurosurgery and psychology makes the students more deeply and comprehensively to grasp the knowledge. This syllabus based on self-compiled teaching materials, bombing with the outline of test of clinica

6、l skills and knowledge. It uses master, familiarized with and generally understand to show the different requirements.三、教學(xué)內(nèi)容（表1）含各章節(jié)主要內(nèi)容、學(xué)時分配，并以下劃線或*等方式注明重點、難點。表1 教學(xué)內(nèi)容章節(jié)題目課時1總論42缺血性腦血管病43出血性腦血管病44癲癇、帕金森病45脊髓疾病46中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染、腦器質(zhì)性精神障礙、周圍神經(jīng)疾病、肌肉疾病47神經(jīng)變性疾病、神經(jīng)遺傳性疾病、脫髓鞘疾病48頭痛、顱內(nèi)壓增高及腦疝49顱腦外傷、腫瘤4合計36Table 1 Lec

7、turing contentschaptertitleTime (class)1Introduction42Ischemic Cerebrovascular Diseases43Hemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Diseases44Epilepsy , Parkinsons disease45Spinal cord diseases46Infections of CNS, psychology associated due to brain disease, Peripheral Neuropathy, muscular diseases47Neurodegenerati

8、on and neurogenetic disease, Multiple sclerosis48Headache, Intracranial Hypertension and Brain Herniation49craniocerebral trauma; brain tumor4sum36四、教材（名稱、作者、出版社、出版時間）自編講義五、主要參考資料1MERRITTS Neurology2、實用神經(jīng)病學(xué) 主編:史玉泉 2003.7. 3、神經(jīng)外科手術(shù)學(xué) 主編：王忠誠4、Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry六、成績評定（注明期末、期中、平時成績所占的比例，或理論考核、

9、實踐考核成績所占的比例）: 期末理論考核成績備注：1、 各學(xué)院可根據(jù)參考格式，結(jié)合本學(xué)科課程的特點，另行規(guī)范教學(xué)大綱的格式，但本學(xué)院所開各門課程的教學(xué)大綱必須統(tǒng)一格式。2、 每門本科課程都必須有教學(xué)大綱。 教學(xué)大綱的內(nèi)容要符合培養(yǎng)目標要求，服從課程體系結(jié)構(gòu)及教學(xué)安排的整體需要。教學(xué)大綱由教研室組織有關(guān)教師編寫，經(jīng)學(xué)院或教研室認定后施行，并注意根據(jù)每輪教學(xué)的具體情況及時更新、修訂大綱內(nèi)容。教師在教學(xué)過程中原則上應(yīng)當(dāng)嚴格執(zhí)行教學(xué)大綱。3、 學(xué)院開出的各門本科課程的教學(xué)大綱均應(yīng)上網(wǎng)（學(xué)院網(wǎng)頁），并在上第一次課時就告訴學(xué)生，以便于學(xué)生查詢?？?論（Introduction）（神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)解剖、生理、定位診

10、斷與神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)檢查、輔助檢查）【目的要求】一、掌握內(nèi)容：1、意識障礙的分類2、運動性、感覺性、命名性及混合性失語3、感覺、運動系統(tǒng)的定位診斷及感覺障礙與癱瘓的類型4、腦不同部位損害的臨床表現(xiàn)5、腦脊液各項指標的正常值二、熟悉內(nèi)容：1、特殊類型的意識障礙及腦死亡2、視、動眼、三叉、外展、面、舌咽、迷走神經(jīng)和舌下神經(jīng)受損時的主要癥狀體征，特別是眼肌麻痹的分類與表現(xiàn)3、常見不自主運動及共濟失調(diào)類型4、深、淺及病理反射的臨床意義5、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的病史采集和臨床常規(guī)檢查方法以及與各論中疾病有關(guān)的定位診斷三、了解內(nèi)容：神經(jīng)電生理、影像學(xué)檢查的意義及基因?qū)W診斷技術(shù)【Objectives】After compl

11、eting of this chapter, you should have achieved the following goals:1、Master classification of consciousness disorder2、Master the motor aphasia, sensory aphasia, amnesic aphasia and total aphasia3、Master the topographic diagnosis of motor and sense lesions, types of paralysis and sensory disorders.4

12、、Master the symptoms and signs of lesions of different part of the brain5、Master the normal values of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) inspection6、Familiar with: special types of conciousness and brain death7、Familiar with the main manifestations of lesions of optic nerve、oculomotor nerve、abducent nerve、

13、trigeminal nerve、facial nerve、glossopharyngeal nerve、vagus nerve and hypoglossal nerve; especially the manifestations of ophthalmoplegia8、Familiar with the frequent types of involuntary movements and ataxia9、the clinical importances of superfacial reflexes, deep reflexes and abnormal reflexes10、Fami

14、liar with: The method of history collection and routine clinical examination, relative topographic diagnosis11、Knowing the electrophysiology, imaging studies, and genetic investigations in neurology【教學(xué)時數(shù)】 4課時【lecturing time】 4 class 【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】一、意識障礙的分類及特殊類型的意識障礙、腦死亡二、常見的失語（運動、感覺及混合性失語）及構(gòu)音障礙的解剖基礎(chǔ)與臨床表現(xiàn)三、視

15、、動眼、滑車、外展、面、舌咽、迷走、舌下等顱神經(jīng)損害的主要癥狀、體征, 核上、下型眼肌麻痹表現(xiàn)四、感覺系統(tǒng)1、感覺的分類：特殊感覺、一般感覺、復(fù)合感覺2、深淺感覺的傳導(dǎo)通路、主要節(jié)段支配3、感覺障礙的幾種類型4、各種感覺障礙的臨床表現(xiàn)和感覺障礙的定位診斷（皮質(zhì)、內(nèi)囊、腦干、脊髓、周圍神經(jīng)損害的特點）。五、運動系統(tǒng)1、運動系統(tǒng)包括的范圍（隨意運動、錐體外系統(tǒng)及小腦系統(tǒng)），隨意運動系統(tǒng)的傳導(dǎo)解剖通路2、隨意運動障礙及上、下運動神經(jīng)元癱瘓的鑒別3、癱瘓的定位診斷（皮質(zhì)、內(nèi)囊、腦干、脊髓及損害表現(xiàn)）4、錐體外系統(tǒng)運動障礙，不自主運動、肌張力變化（1）不自主運動：震顫、痙攣、抽搐、舞蹈樣動作、手足徐動癥

16、及扭轉(zhuǎn)痙攣（2）肌張力變化：強直性增高、變型性肌張力障礙、肌張力降低。5、小腦系統(tǒng)運動障礙：共濟失調(diào)的臨床表現(xiàn)及檢查方法六、反射系統(tǒng)深、淺反射的改變，病理反射的臨床意義，常見幾種病理反射七、大腦、小腦、腦干的解剖及各部位損害的臨床特點。八、輔助檢查1、腦脊液：壓力及各項指標正常值、電生理（腦電圖、肌電圖、誘發(fā)電位）、組織顯像（CT、MRI、同位素等）等項檢查的臨床意義，組織活檢（肌肉、神經(jīng)、腦）的臨床意義。2、神經(jīng)電生理、影像學(xué)檢查的意義及基因?qū)W診斷技術(shù)（自學(xué)）【lecturing contents】1、Classification of conscious disturbance, spec

17、ial types of conciousness, brain death2、Manifestation of different aphasia and their localization; the anatomy and manifestation of dysphasia3、the main manifestations of lesions of: optic nerve、oculomotor nerve、abducent nerve、trigeminal nerve、facial nerve、glossopharyngeal nerve、vagus nerve and hypog

18、lossal nerve; the manifestations of upper and lower motor neuron paralysis of extraocular muscles4、Sensory system:（1）classification of sensation: special sensation, common sensation, complex sensation（2）the conducting contract pathway of superfacial and deep sensation; mian spreading section（3）class

19、ification of sensational disorders（4）manifestation of each kinds of sensation and the topography diagnosis of sensational disturbances (cortex, internal capsule, brain stem, spinal cord, peripheral nerve )5、Movement system:（1）Aspect of movement system (voluntary movement, extrapyrimidal system and c

20、erebellar system), the conduct tract pathway of voluntary movement system（2）Disturbances of voluntary movement; differentiation of the upper and the lower motor neuron paralysis（3）topography diagnosis of palsy(cortex, internal capsule, brain stem, spinal cord)（4）Disturbances of extrapyrimidal system

21、; involuntary movement, changing of musclar toneInvoluntary movement: tremor, spasm, tic, and so onChanging of muscular tone: rigidity, and so on（5）Disturbances of cerebellar system: manifestation and examination of ataxia6、Reflex system Changing of superficial, deep reflex, clinical importance of p

22、athological changes, pathological reflexes found often in clinic 7、The anatomy and the manifestation of lesions of the Cortex、Cerebellum、Brain stem: anatomy, signs and symptoms8、Investigative studies:（1）CSF: pressure, normal values. Electrophysiology(EEG, EMG, EP); Tissue imaging(CT, MRI, and so on)

23、; Tissue biopsy( muscle, nerve, brain)（2）electrophysiology, imaging studies, and genetic investigations in neurology ( studying by students themselves)缺血性腦血管疾?。↖schemic Cerebrovascular diseases）【目的要求】一、掌握內(nèi)容：掌握腦動脈血栓形成和腦栓塞的臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷、鑒別診斷和治療原則二、熟悉內(nèi)容：熟悉短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作的概念、特點及治療措施三、了解內(nèi)容：1、了解缺血性腦血管疾病的分類，危險因素和預(yù)防2、了解

24、腔隙性及分水嶺腦梗死的概念，臨床特點及治療措施3、了解靜脈竇血栓形成的定義、病因、分類及診斷與治療原則4、了解缺血性腦血管病的外科治療【Objectives】1、Master: the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principle of cerebral infarction, apoplexy and subarachnoid hemorrhage2、Familiar with: the conception, manifestation and treatment of t

25、ransient ischemic attack.3、Knowing: classification, risk factor and prevention of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Kowning：conception, cause, ,classification, diagnosisand treatment of cerebral venous thrombosisKnowing: conception, clinical manifestation, treatment of lacunar infarction,cerebral wa

26、tershed infarctionKnowing: the surgical treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease【教學(xué)時數(shù)】 4課時【lecturing time】 4 classes【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1、腦血管應(yīng)用解剖2、缺血性腦血管疾病的分類，危險因素和預(yù)防2了解急應(yīng)用解剖、3、動脈血栓性腦梗死的病因和發(fā)病機制、病理、臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷和鑒別診斷、治療原則3、腦栓塞的病因和發(fā)病機制、病理、臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷和鑒別診斷、治療原則4、短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作的病因、臨床特點、診斷、治療5、腔隙性腦梗死的定義，病因、臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷和治療6、分水嶺腦梗死的定義，

27、病因、臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷和治療。7、靜脈竇血栓形成的定義、病因、分類及診斷與治療原則8、缺血性腦血管病的外科治療：頸內(nèi)動脈內(nèi)膜切除術(shù)，惡性大腦中動脈綜合征的外科治療【lecturing contents】 1、Blood supply of the brain 2、Classfication, risk factors and prevention of ischemic cerebrovascular disease3、The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and

28、 treatment principles of cerebral thrombosis3、The etiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of cerebral embolism4、The etiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment principles of transient ischemic attack.5、Conception, cause, manifestati

29、on, diagnosis and treatment of lacunar infarction6、Conception, cause, manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of cerebral watershed infarction7、Conception, cause, manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis 8、the surgical treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease: Carotid

30、 Endarterectomy; the surgical treatment of malignant MCA syndrome .出血性腦血管病（Hemorrhagic Cerebrovascular diseases）【目的要求】1、掌握腦出血和蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血的臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷、鑒別診斷和內(nèi)、外科治療原則3、了解出血性腦血管疾病的分類，危險因素和預(yù)防【Objectives】1、Master: the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and medical and surgical management pr

31、inciple of cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage2、Knowing: The classification, risk factors and prevention of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases【教學(xué)時數(shù)】 4課時【lecturing time】 4 classes【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1、出血性腦血管疾病的分類，危險因素和預(yù)防2、腦出血的病因、發(fā)病原理、病理、臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷和鑒別診斷、治療原則、外科手術(shù)指征、預(yù)防。3、蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血的病因、病理、臨床表現(xiàn)、輔助檢查、診斷、鑒別診斷和內(nèi)科

32、及外科治療原則。 【lecturing contents】 1、The classification, risk factors and prevention of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases2、The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis ，treatment principles，the surgical indications and prevention of cerebral hemorrhage3、The eti

33、ology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, laboratory investigation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis ，medical and surgical treatment principles of subarachnoid hemorrhage.癲 癇（Epilepsy）【目的要求】三熟悉輔助檢查方法和治療方法臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷標準 1、掌握癲癇的治療原則與癲癇持續(xù)狀態(tài)的搶救2、熟悉癲癇的分類、臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷、鑒別診斷及外科治療（手術(shù)指征、術(shù)前準備）3、了解癲癇的病因與發(fā)病原理和預(yù)防措施【Obj

34、ectives】1、Master: （1）treatment of epilepsy（2）Emergency rescue of epileptic state2、Familiar with: the classification, clinical manifestation, diagnosis differential diagnosis and surgical treatment of epilepsy(surgical indication, preoperative preparation) of epilepsy3、Knowing: etiology, pathogenesis

35、 and prevention of epilepsy【教學(xué)時數(shù)】1+2/3課時【lecturing time】 1+2/3classes【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1、定義2、病因 3、發(fā)病機制：介紹癲癇病灶的異常放電與傳播4、分類5、臨床表現(xiàn)：講解癇性發(fā)作各種類型臨床表現(xiàn)6、診斷和鑒別診斷：確診癲癇依據(jù)，腦電圖的診斷價值，與假性發(fā)作、TIA、暈厥、偏頭痛等的鑒別，癥狀性癲癇者的病因?qū)ふ?、防治：病因治療、預(yù)防致病因素；癇性發(fā)作時的處理，藥物治療原則，藥物副作用8、癲癇持續(xù)狀態(tài)的處理9、癲癇外科治療：手術(shù)指征和術(shù)前準備【lecturing contents】 1、Conception: introduce

36、the conception of epilepsy and epileptic seizure, briefly lecturing the epidemiological character of epilepsy2、Etiology: introduce primary and secondary epilepsy; localization of epileptic lesion; classification of seizure and the diagnostic method of epilepsy3、Pathogenesis: introduce the abnormal d

37、ischarge and conduction of epilepsy4、Classification of epilepsy5、Clinical manifestation: explain the manifestation of different kinds of seizure6、Diagnosis and differential diagnosis: evidences for confirm epilepsy, EEG, different from pseudoepilepsy, TIA, vertigo, migraine. Finding causes of sympto

38、matic epilepsy7、Prevention and treatment：treatment of causes, prevention of causes, treatment of seizure, principle of how to use antiepileptic drugs, side effects og antiepileptic drugs8、Treatment of status epilepticus9. surgical treatment of epilepsy(surgical indication, preoperative preparation)

39、of epilepsy帕金森?。≒arkinson Disease）【目的要求】1、掌握帕金森病的臨床表現(xiàn) 2、熟悉帕金森病的診斷、鑒別診斷、內(nèi)科及外科治療方法（深部腦刺激）3、了解帕金森病的病因【Objectives】1、Master: the clinical manifestation of Parkinson disease2、Familiar with: diagnosis，differentiation and medical and surgical treatment (DBS) of Parkinson disease3、Knowing: etiology of Parkin

40、son disease【教學(xué)時數(shù)】 1+1/3課時【lecturing time】 1+1/3 classes【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1、帕金森病的病因2、帕金森病的臨床表現(xiàn)癥狀：震顫、肌強直、運動障礙三大表現(xiàn)3、診斷與鑒別診斷：與繼發(fā)性帕金森病綜合征，多系統(tǒng)萎縮，肝豆核變性4、治療方法5、外科立體定向治療和腦起搏器植入治療【lecturing contents】 1、The etiology of parkinsonism2、The clinical manifestation of Parkinsonism: tremor, rigidity, and dyskinesia3、Differentiat

41、ion: distinguish from secondary PD, multiple atrophy and Wilsons disease4、Treatment 5、surgical treatment :stereotaxis treatment and DBS脊髓疾病（Myelopathy）壓迫性脊髓疾病（compressive myelopathy）【目的要求】一、掌握內(nèi)容：掌握壓迫性脊髓疾病的臨床表現(xiàn)，縱向和橫向定位二、熟悉內(nèi)容：1、熟悉壓迫性脊髓疾病的病因2、熟悉壓迫性脊髓疾病的內(nèi)外科治療【Objectives】1、Master: clinical manifestation,

42、 transactional longitudinal topographic diagnosis of compressive myelopathy2、Familiar with etiology of compressive myelopathy 3、Familiar with: the medical and surgical treatment of compressive myelopathy【教學(xué)時數(shù)】2 課時【lecturing time】2 class【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1、脊髓解剖2、病因：壓迫性脊髓疾病的常見病因3、臨床表現(xiàn)：壓迫性脊髓疾病的臨床表現(xiàn)4、診斷：壓迫性脊髓疾病的橫向縱

43、向定位診斷和定性診斷5、內(nèi)外科治療原則 【lecturing contents】1、Anatomy of Spinal Cord2、Etiology: common causes of a compressive myelopathy3、Clinical symptoms and signs: the manifestation of compressive myelopathy 4、Transactional longitudinal topographic diagnosis 5、The principle of medical and surgical treatment 急性脊髓炎（A

44、cute myelitis）【目的要求】一、掌握內(nèi)容：掌握急性脊髓炎的臨床表現(xiàn)二、熟悉內(nèi)容：1、熟悉急性脊髓炎的鑒別診斷2、熟悉急性脊髓炎治療【Objectives】1、Master: manifestation of acute myelitis2、Familiar with differentiation of myelitis.3、Familiar with: the treatment and nursing of myelitis【教學(xué)時數(shù)】2學(xué)時【lecturing time】 2 classes【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1、病因和病理：簡述急性脊髓炎的一般病因2、臨床表現(xiàn)：重點講述脊髓炎的急性

45、休克期、恢復(fù)期及并發(fā)癥的臨床表現(xiàn)3、診斷：與急性硬膜外膿腫，脊髓出血，脊髓壓迫癥、視神經(jīng)脊髓炎等進行鑒別4、治療與護理：急性期治療及護理；恢復(fù)期處理【lecturing contents】1、Etiology and pathology: Introduce the general causes of acute myelitis2、Clinical symptoms and signs: Lecture the manifestation of acute myelitis in spinal shock and complexes3、Diagnosis and differentiatio

46、n including spinal epidural abscess, spinal hemorrhage, compressive spinal diseases, optic myopathy4、Treatment and nursing中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染（Infection of CNS）【目的要求】1、掌握單皰病毒性腦炎的病因、臨床表現(xiàn)、診斷及鑒別診斷2、熟悉輔助檢查方法和治療原則3、了解CNS感染的分類和生物源性感染源【Objectives】1、Master: the cause, manifestation, diagnosis and differential diagnosis

47、 of herpes simplex virus encephalitis.2、Familiar with: the methods of investigation and treatment.3、Understanding of: category of central nervous system infection and infectious origin.【教學(xué)時數(shù)】1課時【lecturing time】 1 class【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1、簡介中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)感染的定義2、簡介CNS感染的生物源感染原3、簡介感染途徑，血行、直接感染、經(jīng)神經(jīng)干感染4、單皰病毒腦炎（herpes simple

48、x encephalitis，HSE）（1）病因（2）病理改變：顳葉，額葉腦組織水腫、軟化、出血性壞死（3）臨床表現(xiàn)（4）實驗室檢查：腦脊液、腦電圖、MRI、活檢, 病原學(xué)檢測（5）診斷及鑒別診斷（6）治療原則【lecturing contents】 1、Introduce briefly the conception of central nervous system infection2、Introduce briefly the biological infectious origin of central nervous system infection3、Introduce brie

49、fly pathway of central nervous system infection4、HSE（1）Etiology（2）Pathology（3）The clinical manifestation of herpes simplex virus encephalitis（4）Investigation: CSF, EEG, MRI, biopsy, investigative studies for infectious origin（5）Diagnostic and differential diagnosis of HSE（6）Treatment of HSE腦器質(zhì)性精神障礙(

50、Mental Disorders due to brain diseases)【目的要求】1、掌握腦器質(zhì)性疾病所致精神障礙的概念、分類和診治原則2、熟悉譫妄的概念 3、了解譫妄病理機理 【Objectives】1、master the definition of mental disorders due to brain diseases and the principals of diagnosis and treatment.2、master the definition of delirium .3、Familiar with the pathological mechanism of

51、delirium.【教學(xué)時數(shù)】 1學(xué)時【lecturing time】 1 class【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1、腦器質(zhì)性精神障礙的概念 2、腦器質(zhì)性精神障礙的常見癥狀和綜合征3、腦器質(zhì)性精神障礙的診治原則4、譫妄的概念5、譫妄的病理機理【lecturing contents】 1、The concepts of mental disorders due to brain diseases2、The common syndromes and their symptoms of mental disorders due to brain diseases3、the principals of diagnos

52、is and treatment of mental disorders due to brain diseases4、The conception of delirium 5、The pathological mechanism of delirium 周圍神經(jīng)?。≒eripheral Neuropathy）急性炎癥性脫髓鞘性多發(fā)性神經(jīng)?。℅uillain-Barre綜合征, GBS）【目的要求】一、掌握內(nèi)容：掌握急性炎癥性脫髓鞘性多發(fā)性神經(jīng)病的臨床表現(xiàn)及診斷二、熟悉內(nèi)容：熟悉急性炎癥性脫髓鞘性多發(fā)性神經(jīng)病的鑒別診斷和治療原則【Objectives】1、Master: the clinica

53、l manifestation and diagnosis of Gullain-Barre syndrome2、Familiar with: the differential diagnosis and treatment principles of Gullain-Barre syndrome【教學(xué)時數(shù)】 30分鐘【lecturing time】 30 min【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】1、病因：多種原因引起的自身免疫性疾病2、病理：神經(jīng)根、神經(jīng)節(jié)、周圍神經(jīng)的主要病理改變是髓鞘脫失3、臨床表現(xiàn)：急性或亞急性發(fā)作；對稱性四肢周圍性癱瘓；未梢型感覺障礙；可伴有顱神經(jīng)麻痹、電生理檢查、腦脊液內(nèi)的蛋白細胞分離現(xiàn)象

54、，呼吸肌麻痹是主要死因4、診斷和鑒別診斷：本病主要與急性脊髓炎、急性脊髓灰質(zhì)炎、周期性麻痹鑒別5、治療：對癥治療、癱瘓（包括球麻痹和呼吸肌麻痹）的治療。病因治療：免疫球蛋白、血漿置換【lecturing contents】 1、Etiology: autoimmune mediated2、Pathology:3、Clinical manifestation: supranuclear paralysis of four limbs, distal sensory impairment, cranial nerve palsy, separation of CSF protein and leu

55、cocytes, decreased nerve conduction velocity4、Diagnosis and differentiation: differential diagnosis with low potassium periodic paralysis, myasthenia gravis and acute myelitis5、Treatment: symptomatic treatment; etiologic treatment: plasma exchange, immunoglobulin injection of vein特發(fā)性面神經(jīng)麻痹<面神經(jīng)炎>（Idiopathic facial palsy）【目的要求】