第10講Therebe句型-初高中英語教材銜接(Word版含解析)

1、第十講 There be句型【知識銜接】初高中課程解讀初中課程高中課程初中英語中，加強(qiáng)了對知識的理解 與運(yùn)用方面的考查。例如be動詞與 主語的一致性、名詞或代詞的修飾 語、搭配關(guān)系、含否定詞的反意疑 問句等。局中英語中，要求掌握 there be句型的結(jié) 構(gòu)變形以及there be結(jié)構(gòu)特殊的表達(dá)方式。 了解there be 句式的非限定形式 there being/ there to be在句中作主語、賓語和狀語。初中知識回顧、there be 結(jié)構(gòu)定義There be句型表示“某地（或某時）存在有某人（或某物），而并非某地（某人、某物或某 時）擁有什么東西”二、there be 結(jié)構(gòu)1 、T

2、here is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語.2 、There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 地點(diǎn)狀語.完整結(jié)構(gòu)如下：There be +代詞或名詞（短語）+地點(diǎn)/時間狀語 三、there be結(jié)構(gòu)的就近原則There be句型的實(shí)質(zhì)句式為“倒裝句"。這里there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義，在句中不充 當(dāng)任何成分，翻譯時也不必譯出。be是謂語動詞，句子的主語是某人或某物，即：代詞或名詞（短語）是主語。There be句型的就近一致原則：即 be動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與離它最近的一個主語保持一致。當(dāng)主語是兩個或兩個以上的名詞時，謂語動詞要與跟它最近的那個名詞一致。There is a girl unde

3、r the tree.樹下有個女孩。There are two boys under the tree.樹下有兩個男孩。There is a girl and two boys under thetree.樹下有一個女孩，兩個男孩。There are two boys and a girl under the tree.樹下有兩個男孩，個女孩。四、there be 句型變化（一）否定句There be句型的否定式的構(gòu)成和含有be動詞的其它句型一樣，在 be后加上not或no即可。注意(1) not和no的不同：not是副詞，no為形容詞，not a/an/any + n.相當(dāng)于no+ n.。(

4、2)肯定句中的“ some”，在否定句中要變成“ any”。例 1: 肯定句： There are some pictures on the wall.否定句：(1)力口 not: There aren't any pictures on the wall.(some 變 any)(2)力口 no: There are no pictures on the wall.說 明： aren't any pictures= are no pictures例 2：肯定句：There is a bike behind the tree.否定句：(1)力口 not ： There isn&

5、#39;t a bike behind the tree.(2)力口 no： There is no bike behind the tree. 說 明：isn't a bike = is no bike(二)一般疑問句There be句型的一般疑問句變化是將“be動詞放在句首”，再在句尾加上問號即可，此為“調(diào)整法”。但同時要注意：當(dāng)肯定句中有some時，要將其改為any (否定變化也一樣)。例 1: 陳 述 句：There is some water on Mars.一般疑問句：Is there any water on Mars?肯定回答：Yes, there is. / Yes,

6、 there is any water.否定回答：No, there isn't. / Yes, there isn't any water.例 2： 陳 述 句：There are some fish in the water.般疑問句： Are there any fish in the water?肯定回答：Yes, there are (some).否定回答：No, there aren't (any).(三)特殊疑問句There be句型的特殊疑問句形式有以下三種變化：1、對主語提問：(1)當(dāng)主語是人時，用“ Who's+介詞短語？”；(2)當(dāng)主語是物

7、時，用“ What's + 介詞短語？”。注意：無論原句的主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，對之提問時一般都用 be的單數(shù)形式(回答時卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來決定)。如：例1:主語是人時，對主語提問：陳 述 句： There is a little girl in the room.特殊疑問句：Who is in the room?例2:主語是物時，對主語提問：陳 述 句： There are many things over there.特殊疑問句：What's over there?2、對地點(diǎn)狀語提問：提問地點(diǎn)當(dāng)然用"Where”,其形式為"Where is are+主語？

8、”。例 1 ： 陳 述 句： There is a computer on the desk.特殊疑問句：Where is the computer?例 2： 陳 述 句： There are four children on the playground.特殊疑問句：Where are the four children?3、對數(shù)量提問。一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu)：(1) How many + 復(fù)數(shù) 名詞+ are there + 介詞短語？There' re many children in the park.How many children are(there)in the park?

9、(2) How much +不可數(shù)名詞 + is/was there +介詞短語？There was little rain around the year.How much rain was (there)around the year?(四)反意疑問句反意疑問句中的簡短問句是由“be(或其否定式)+there ”構(gòu)成。例：There wasn't a meeting yesterday , was there ?(反意疑問句 )There be句型的反意疑問句，要注意陳述部分的形式。如果陳述部分含有l(wèi)ittle ,few, no, nobody, none等否定詞時，后面的簡短問句

10、中要用肯定形式。例如： There is nobody in the room , is there ?但有的含有否定意義的形容詞修飾不定代詞時則仍看做肯定句式。,isn't there ?例如： There is something unusual in the room（五）一個重要句式：一個重要句式“有某人在做某事"，要用"There be + sb. + doing sth. +地點(diǎn)/時間狀 語”。例：There are several children swimming in the river.河里有幾個孩子在游泳。六、There be句型與have的區(qū)

11、另U不難看出，各種時態(tài)的變化是通過be動詞的變化來體現(xiàn)的。我們在使用過程中，首要的問題是弄清楚 There be與have所表示的意義。1 、There be 句型和have者B表示“有"的含義。區(qū)別如下：There be表示“某處存在某物或某人" ；have表示“某人擁有某物/某人"，它表示所有、擁有關(guān)系。簡音地說：There be句型表示“存在”關(guān)系，have表示“所屬”關(guān)系，兩者不能混合在一個句子中。例如：我們要說“明天有一個班會。”There will have a class meeting tomorrowx）（2）There is going to/

12、will be a class meeting tomorrowV）2、有時候既表示“存在”又表示“所屬”時，兩種都可以用。也就是當(dāng)have表示“包括"、"存在"的含義時，There be句型與其可互換。例 1 ： A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.一個星期有七天。例 2： Class Three have a map of China on the wall.（地圖為三班學(xué)生所有。）There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.（地

13、圖存在于三班。）由此看來，There will have是錯誤的搭配方式。tWj中知識鏈接一、there be 結(jié)構(gòu)注意事項(xiàng)1 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的be是可以運(yùn)用各種時態(tài)的。有人敲門。There is going to be a meeting tonight.今晚有個會議。There was a knock at the door.There has been a girl waiting for you.有個女孩一直在等你。There will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。2動詞be單復(fù)數(shù)形式要跟there be之后的真正的主語一致。并且要根據(jù)就近一致原則來變 換be

14、的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：There is a book on the desk.課桌上有一本書。How many people are there in the city?這個城市里有多少人口？There is a pen and two books on the desk.課桌上有個車W筆和兩本書。There are two books and a pen on the desk.課桌上有兩本書和個車W筆。There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.在教室里有一些學(xué)生和一位老師。There is a teacher and some

15、 students in the classroom.在教室里有位老和些學(xué)生。3在there be引起的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，用來修飾主語的不定式主動形式和被動形式均可。There is no time to lose (= to be lost).時間緊迫。There is nothing to see (=to be seen).看不見有什么。There is nothing to do.(=to be done)無事可做。二、there be 結(jié)構(gòu)變形在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中還可把be改變，從而使得there be 結(jié)構(gòu)有了一些改變。具體總結(jié) 如下：1 There used/seem/ happ

16、en/appear to be 如：There might be snow at night.晚上可能有雪。There appeared to be nobody willing to help.看來沒人愿意幫忙。There used to be a building here.過去這兒有一座樓房。There happened to be a man walking by.碰巧有個人在止匕經(jīng)過。There doesn't seem to be much hope.好象沒有太大的希望。2在there be 的be前還可以加上各種情態(tài)詞，如：There must be something

17、wrong.一定有問題。There ought not to be so many people.不應(yīng)該有這么多的人?？赡苓€有點(diǎn)希望。There might still be hope.3在there be句型中的be還可以換成其他的動詞與 there連用，這些詞都是表示狀態(tài)的如：live ,stand , exist , remain 等；或用來描寫某事的發(fā)生或某人的到達(dá)如come, appear, enter,follow, occur 等。然后有人敲門。很久很久以前，有一個國王。然后是傳來了可怕的聲音。突然進(jìn)來了一個奇怪的人。There lived a rich man.這以前住著一個富

18、翁。Then there came a knock at the door.Long, long ago, there lived a king.There followed a terrible noise.Suddenly there entered a strange man.三、there be結(jié)構(gòu)特殊的表達(dá)方式1 There is no sense in doing做某事是沒有用的，沒有意義的There is no sense in making him angry.跟他生氣是沒有用的。There is no sense in going alone.一個人去是沒有好處的。2 The

19、re is no use /good doing做某事是沒有用的，沒有必要的There is no use trying to explain it.解釋是沒有必要的。There is no good/use going there.去那兒是沒有好處的。3 There is no need to do沒有必要做某事There is no need to worry.沒有必要擔(dān)心。There is no need to give him so much money.根本沒有必要給他那么多的錢。4 There is thought/said/reported to be人們認(rèn)為有/據(jù)說有/據(jù)報(bào)道有

20、There is thought to be an army between in these two countries。人們認(rèn)為在這兩國之間有一場戰(zhàn)爭。There is reported to be a better way to cure cancer.據(jù)報(bào)道，找到了一種更好的治療癌癥的方法。5 There is no doing（口語）不可能There is no telling when he will be back.無法知道他什么時候回來。There is no knowing what he is doing.無法知道他在做什么。四、there be 句式的非限定形式There

21、 be 的非限定形式有兩種，即 there to be 和there being 。需要掌握以下幾個 情況：1作主語：當(dāng)作主語時，一般是There being結(jié)構(gòu)，當(dāng)句式中有for時，一般用there to be 如：There being a shop here is a great advantage.這兒有個商店，真是方便極了。There being a house with a garden is of great value.擁有花園的房子是很有價值的。It is impossible for there to be any more.不可能再有了。2作賓語：作動詞賓語時，一般用 t

22、here to be結(jié)構(gòu)。常見動詞有：expect, mean, intendwant, prefer 等：We expect there to be no argument.我們希望不會出現(xiàn)爭吵。People don't want there to be another war.人們不希望再有戰(zhàn)爭。作介詞的賓語一般用There being 句式，但當(dāng)是for時一般用there to be 句式。This depended on there being a sudden change.這需要有一個突然的改變。The teacher was waiting for there to be

23、 complete silence.老師在等著大家都安靜下來。3作狀語：用作狀語的there be 的形式通常用there being 結(jié)構(gòu)。There being no buses, we had to walk home.由于沒有公共汽車，我們不得不走著回家。There being no nobody in the room, we realized that there was no use crying.屋里沒人，我們意識到哭喊是沒有用的。There being nothing else to do, we went home happily.由于沒事可做，我們快樂地回家了。注意：如果

24、句中出現(xiàn) for時應(yīng)用there to be 。It was too late for there to be any buses.太晚了，沒有公共汽車了?！窘?jīng)典題型】初中經(jīng)典題型1. -What's the matter, Jenny ?-something wrong with my bikeA. It isB. There isC. I haveD. It has【答案】B【解析拷查iterek句型,句意，-怎么了 Jemy? -我的自行車壞了 根據(jù)something wrong with my bike,可知我的自行車壞了，在這里Thwe is something wiong

25、with sb/sth,意思是某 大或某物有問題,Ehing在此結(jié)構(gòu)中做主語, 不定代詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，文中 的時間應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在的情況，所有用曲躅記故選B.2. There some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the InternetA. areB. isC. have【答案】B【解析】考查there be句型.句意：在網(wǎng)上有一些如何減少空氣污染的好建議.聯(lián)系漢語意思，根據(jù) There some good advice 可知，此處考查的是 there be 句型的用法, 意為在某處有某物.又知 there be句型有

26、就近原則，且 advice是不可數(shù)名詞，所以此處應(yīng) 用is ,故選B.3. -I remember there a lot of fish in Yanglan Lake. Now it has been polluted-What a pity! I think we should play a role in protecting the environment.D. used to beA. are used to haveB. are used to beC. used to have【答案】D【解析】考查there be句型.句意：-我記得在過去洋瀾湖有很多的魚.現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)被污 染了

27、.-太可惜了.我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該在保護(hù)環(huán)境中發(fā)揮作用.根據(jù) I remember there a lot of fish in Yanglan Lake .可知這里考查了 there be 句型，表示某處有某物，根據(jù) Now it has been polluted ,可知現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)被污染了，那么前面的句子說的是過去洋瀾湖 有很多的魚，表示過去怎么樣用 used to do sth ,后跟there be句型中的系動詞原形 be.故 選D.4. There a pencil and some pens in the boxA. isB. areC. aren't D. doesn '

28、; t【答案】A【解析】考查there be句型.句意：在盒子里有一支鉛望和一些鋼筆.在there be句型中, 8動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)用就近原貝(即要看后面的名詞來判斷3如果這個名詞是可數(shù)名詞的單 麴或者不可數(shù)名詞，就用悚的里數(shù)垣如果這個名詞是復(fù)麴就用長的復(fù)豹ire汴魏wpenE 3D(isome pens.謂追動詞靠近a pencil/是單數(shù),所以be動詞為單數(shù)is.故選人一5. There two dictionaries on the bookcase. You can use either of them .A. isB. wasC. areD. were【答案】C【解析】考查there

29、be句型.句意：在書櫥上有兩本字典.你可以使用其中的任何一本.根據(jù) There two dictionaries on the bookcase, 可知本句是 there be 句型，表示某處有某物，不存在所屬關(guān)系；再根據(jù) You can use either of them可知這里敘述一件事實(shí)，所以本句使用一般現(xiàn)在時；two dictionaries是復(fù)數(shù)形式，遵循就近原則，所以 be動詞用are的形式，故選C.高中經(jīng)典題型1. a reading lamp on the table.A There is B There has C It is D It has【答案】A【解析】考查ther

30、e be 句型.句意：桌子上有一個閱讀燈。根據(jù)句意可知考查there be句型，表示某處有某物，故選 A.2. What a rainy summer we ' ve had!Yes, there only 3 sunny weekends the whole summer.A have beenB areC had beenD has been【答案】A【解析】考查there加句型.句意；我II謔過了一個多雨的夏天。是啊,整個I天只有三個 晴朗的周末根據(jù)句意可知考查也以弋氏句型，表示某處有某物口因?yàn)閠iw whok summer表 示一個時間段3再結(jié)含第一句What a rainy

31、summer we -vc had可知,答句用現(xiàn)在完成fl寸態(tài)口 故選A.3. I didn't want to be a war between these two countries.A it B themC there D their【答案】C【解析】考查there be句型.句意：我不想那兩個國家之間再有戰(zhàn)爭。根據(jù)語境可知want后為賓語。there be句式作動詞賓語時，一般用 there to be 結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C.4. There is reported a number of the wounded on both sides.A to be B beingC was D

32、 will be【答案】A【解析】考查there be句型.句意：據(jù)報(bào)道說雙方有很多傷員。固定句型There is reportedto be表示“據(jù)報(bào)道有”，故選A.5. no coffee left, they had to make do with tea.A It being B There being C It was D There was【答案】B【解析】考查there be句型.句意：由于沒有咖啡剩下的，他們只好用茶代替。用作狀語 的there be 的形式通常用 there being 結(jié)構(gòu)。故選 B.【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】先做初中題 夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)1. there any rice in

33、the bag?A. HasB. IsC. AreD. Have【答案】B【解析】考查there be 句型.句意：在包里有大米嗎？根據(jù) there any rice in the bag , 可知本句考查了 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)是一般疑問句，be動詞根據(jù)就近原則選用，這里 rice是不 可數(shù)名詞，時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，所以用 is .故選B.2. There a sport meet next week if itA. is going to have ; doesn't rainis going to be ; doesn't rainC. is going to be ;

34、won't rainD. is going to have ; won't rain【答案】B解析】考查there be句型.句意:如果不下雨的話，下周將朝亍運(yùn)動會.根據(jù)next week, 在這里表示將來時間的時間短語，故句子用一憒銖Th山弒零區(qū)句型是表示某地（或瓶0 有票人 < 或某物）j Ihere be 一般將來時的構(gòu)成；there will g或tberc is going tobe j if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中主句用一般將來時，從句應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時j故選艮3. -Is there a watermelon on the table?A. Yes, there

35、 is .B. Yes, it is.C. No, there is .D. No, it isn't .【答案】A【解析】考查there be句型.句意：桌子上有一個西瓜嗎？是的，有一個.對 there be句 型問句的回答分肯定和否定兩種：肯定為：Yes, there is/are/was/were ;否定為：No, thereisn't/arn't/wasn't/weren't ;由以上知識及問句中的is there ,根據(jù)問答一致，故選 A.4. There a number of books in the library and the num

36、ber of them increasing .A. has, isB. have, areC. are , isD. is , are【答案】C【解析】考查there be句型.句意：在圖書館里有許多書，并且它們的數(shù)量正在增長.根 據(jù)語境可知這里考查了There be句型，表示"某地（或某時）存在有某人（或某物），而并非某地（某人、某物或某時）擁有什么東西”，句中有若干個名詞作主語，動詞 be常與后面主語中的第一個名詞在數(shù)上一致. have 一般表示某人有某物，故排除. a number of 一些， 許多；the number of的數(shù)目.a number of修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，

37、 在這里a number of books 表示許多書，是一個復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以be動詞應(yīng)該用are , the number of，表的數(shù)量，作主語看做單數(shù)，所以 be動詞用is .故選C.5. Watch out , Peter!is a little boy playing ahead on the roadA. ItB. ThisC. ThatD. There【答案】D【解析】考查 there be 句型.句意：小心，Peter !前面馬路上有一個小男孩正在玩.根據(jù) is a little boy playing ahead on the road.可知此處是固定句式there is sb

38、 doingsth on/in sp .（某處有某人正在做某事）.故選D.6. -Look! Why are there so many people ?-There are some policemen . I think there a traffic accident.A. must haveB. can have C . is going to beD. must be【答案】D【解析】考查曲ere be句型，句意：看！為什么那里有那么多的人？那里有很多警察.我 認(rèn)為肯定是有一起車禍.根據(jù)此生前的小比和可知其后不能用mvs沒有thESlmVO句型， 而是thete R句型.故卻鐮A與瓦

39、根據(jù)lock!可知兩人討論的是正在發(fā)生的事情.而不是 將來的事情.放可以用皿聞袤示肯定的獵測.C選項(xiàng)表示將會有車禍，不符合事情發(fā)生的 時間,故選D.7. Police : What's in your wallet ?Owner： There some money and two tickets for today's e-sports competition.A. isB. wasC. areD. were【答案】A【解析】考查there be句型.句意：-警察：你的錢包里有什么？ -失主：有一些錢和兩張今天的電子競技大賽的票.根據(jù)There some money and t

40、wo tickets for today'se-sports competition ,可知本題考查了there be （某時/某地有）句型，在這里敘述一件事實(shí)，所以時態(tài)應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時，謂語動詞要根據(jù)就近原則，而money不可數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)，故選 A.8. Do you think a meeting tomorrow afternoon?A. is thereB. there is C . there wasD. there is going to be【答案】D【解析】考查there be 句型.句意：你認(rèn)為明天下午將會有一次會議嗎？根據(jù) a meeting tomorr

41、ow afternoon , 可知這里考查了 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，句中 tomorrow afternoon 是一一個表 示將來時間的短語，故句子用一般將來時，there be句型是表示某地（或某時）有某人（或某物），there be一般將來時的構(gòu)成：there will be+或 there is/are going to be+故 選D.9. -Excuse me , are there any book stores around here ?- , but there are some on Center Street .A. Yes, there areB. No, there

42、arenC. Yes, there isD. No, there isn ' t【答案】B【解析】考查there be句型.句意：-對不起，這附近有書店嗎？ -不，沒有.但是在中 心大街上有一些.在there be 句型的一般疑問句中，肯定回答： Yes, there is/are ;其 否定回答： No, there isn ' t/aren ' t . 根據(jù) but there are some on Center Street . 但 是在中心大街上有一些.可知上句應(yīng)是否定回答；答語的形式和問句的are there 保持一致.故選B.10. There a bas

43、ketball match between Class One and Class There this afternoon .A. is going to beB. will haveC. are going to beD. is going to have【答案】A【解析】考查there be句型.句意:今天下午在一班和三班之間將會有一場籃球比賽.根據(jù) Thore a bastctb5ll matdi bencen Class One 311d Class There afternoon 可知這里考查了 結(jié)構(gòu)，句中'城怛是一個表示將來時間的短語,故句子用一般將來時， theg加句型

44、是表示某地（或某時）有某人或某物，由«be一般將來時的構(gòu)成,小則*11 K+或 there is going to bet- h 古攵選 A.再戰(zhàn)高中題一一能力提升1. There is a little hope of a settlement of the argument.A to be Bthere to be C there being Dbeing【答案】C【解析】考查there be句型.句意：這場爭論之間存在解決辦法的希望很小。分析可知of為介詞，后面接動名詞。故選 C.2. I don't expect there any misunderstanding.

45、A isB to beC beingD will be【答案】B【解析】考查there be 句型.句意：我沒想到會存在誤會。根據(jù)語境可知expect后為賓語。there be 句式作動詞賓語時，一般用 there to be 結(jié)構(gòu)。故選 B.3. There are five pairs, but I ' m at a loss which to buy.A to choose B to choose from C to be chosen D for mychoosing【答案】B【解析】考查there be句型.句意：有五雙可以選擇，但是我不知道該買哪一個。分析可知to choo

46、se from不定式作后置定語，from為固定搭配，不可省略，故選 B.4. There is no use a lot without anything.A to talk, do B talked, doing C talking, being done D talking, doing【答案】D【解析】考查th«te be句型.句意;只說不做是沒有用的中固定句型Hiere is 口。use心血g病 示“做某事是沒有用的，沒有意義的：所以第一空填talkingi without為介詞，所以后面的 動詞改為動名詞秘式，所以第二空填加i哼寧欲送O-5. If the storm had happened in the day-time, there many more deaths.A were B would have been C had been D would be【答案】B【解析