中考英語(yǔ)主謂一致的用法及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題

1、主謂一致的用法及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題一、主謂一致三原則 主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。 1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則：指主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tom is a good student. 湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。 They often play football on the playground. 他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。 2. 意義一致：指主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。My family is havi

2、ng lunch now. 我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 這本書20美元太貴了。 3. 就近一致：指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語(yǔ)。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。 二、 主謂一致?？碱}型 1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)

3、名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The desk is Toms. 這張桌子是湯姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 這些學(xué)生正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。 2. many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 許多學(xué)生到過(guò)上海。 3. more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。More than one stu

4、dent has ever been to Beijing. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過(guò)北京。 4. 表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0英鎊并不太重。 Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。 Five minus four is one. 5減4等于1。 5. 主語(yǔ)是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/ever

5、y)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 One and a half hours is enough. 一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。 7. 動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。To see is to believe 眼見為實(shí)。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼

6、睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A student or two has failed the exam. 一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。 9. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞+as well as+名詞”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般應(yīng)與第一個(gè)名詞一致。Mike with his father has been to England. 邁克同他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。 Mike, like his b

7、rother, enjoys playing football 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.10. 由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教師來(lái)了。(作家和教師指

8、同一個(gè)人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老師來(lái)了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人) 11. people, police等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 People here are very friendly. 這兒的人很友好。 His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我們一家人都喜歡看電視。 12. 不定代詞some

9、body, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)， Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齊了嗎？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 沒有人在家。 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Each of them has an English dictionar

10、y. 他們每人都有一本英語(yǔ)詞典。 Neither answer is correct. 兩個(gè)答案都不正確。 14. 以s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, math, physics等， No news is good news. 沒有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。 15. 由bothand連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or, eitheror， neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語(yǔ)

11、動(dòng)詞形式。Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果either, each, neither作主語(yǔ)，則動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)形式。Each of us has his likes and dislikes.Neither of the books is very interesting.16. 如果主語(yǔ)是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名詞”構(gòu)成

12、時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use. 但a variety of, a number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式; .而the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eight hundred17以here，there開關(guān)的句子，若主語(yǔ)在兩個(gè)或兩

13、個(gè)以上，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與臨近的主語(yǔ)一致 There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you. 18. the+形容詞表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式. The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 三肯定與否定一致 下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時(shí)須作相應(yīng)的變化。 We've had some (money). We ha

14、ven't had any (money). I was talking to someone. I wasn't talking to anyone. They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom) visit us. He has arrived already. He hasn't arrived yet. Li is coming too. Li isn't coming either. Both of us are going. Neither of us is going. He likes

15、both of them. He doesn't like either of them.注意：so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中須用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 My wife likes classic music very much and so do I. She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.   主謂一致專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題 1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _enough for me t

16、o finish the work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. is C. arent     D. are 3. How many lessons do you usually have a day? Six lessons a day. And each of then _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Li Ping nor I _a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are 5. Ther

17、e _ many new words in lesson one, It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths _ my favorite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleepin

18、g B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are sleeping9. Every one except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have

19、 know D. is 12. Whats on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it? There _some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses _mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be 14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited 15. Two

20、 months _quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of 17. His family _all very kind and friendly, His family _a ha

21、ppy one. A. are, is B. is, is C. are, are D. is, are 18. The singer and the dancer _come to Beijing. A. has     B. have C. are D. is 19. The children in this class each _new school bag. A. have B. has C. has got D. are having 20. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were   21. If Bob's wife won't agree to go on holiday in winter, .A. neither he will B. neither won't he C. neither will he D. he won