必修4動(dòng)詞ing形式作表語、定語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語和狀語

1、1動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式作表語，定語，賓補(bǔ)和狀語一、動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作表語1.表示主語的內(nèi)容，可以轉(zhuǎn)換到句首作主語Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clea n as possible. =keeping the lecture hall as clean aspossible is her jobHis hobby is painting. = Painting is his job.2.表示主語具有的特征、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)(動(dòng)詞 ing 相當(dāng)一個(gè)形容詞)，作表語用的現(xiàn) 在分詞，許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動(dòng)詞變化而來的。常見的有：astonis

2、hing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring,interesting, surprising, puzzling, exciting 等(這類分詞表示 “令人 . 的”含義)。如：The problem is quite puzzli ng.The n ews soun ds encouraging.二、動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作定語1. 單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing 形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義。1說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。a read ing room = a roo

3、m which is used for read ingrunning shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a worki ng method =a method for worki ng 工作方法read ing materia I 閱讀材料No one is allowed to speak loud in the read ing room.There is a swimmi ng pool in our school.2表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個(gè)定語從句，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。(注意動(dòng)名詞作定語說明被修飾詞作用意

4、義；現(xiàn)在分詞做定語說明被修飾詞正在做什么)develop ing coun tries = coun tries that are develop in改展中國家an ordin ary-look ing house = a house that looks ordi nary 看起來很普通的房子a puzzli ng problem = a problem that puzzles somebod 困擾人的問題sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 walking stick 手杖living room 起居室 running water 自來水2.作定語的動(dòng)詞-ing 形式如是一個(gè)短語，

5、則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，做后置定語, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south)他們住在一所朝南的房子里。Do you know the boy playing basket? (=Who is playing basket)你認(rèn)識(shí)在打籃球的那個(gè)小男孩嗎？The man visiting Japan (二the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle正在訪問日本的那個(gè)男人是我的叔叔。In the following years he worked even h

6、ard.2在接下來的幾年中，他工作更努力了。The man talking to(二the man who is talking to) the teacher is our monitofather. 正在與老師談話的那個(gè)人是我們班長的父親。三、動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作賓補(bǔ)1、動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語常放在賓語后面，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的 動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程或一種狀態(tài)。Whe n we retur ned, we found a stra nger sta nding in front of the house.2、 當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞-ing 形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為

7、主語補(bǔ) 足語。They found the film very excit ing. = The film is found very excit ing.3、能用-ing 形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的幾類動(dòng)詞：1）表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的感官動(dòng)詞，（常見的有 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe,look at, catch, listen to 等） + sb + doing sth （作賓補(bǔ)）I felt somebody sta nding behi nd me.I caught a stra nger slidi ng into the man

8、 ageoffice.2）表示指使意義的動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞， （常見的有 have, set, keep, get, leav 等）+sb/ sth + doingsth （作賓補(bǔ)）We kept the fire burni ng all ni ght Ion g.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。I won t have you running about inethoo m.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。This sets me thi nki ng.You should ntkeep your lights bur ning in the day.4、see, hear, feel, watch 等動(dòng)詞之后

9、用-ing 形式和動(dòng)詞不定式（省 to）作賓語 補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別：We heard the telepho ne ring.We heard the telepho ne ringing.前者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，后者表示（或強(qiáng)調(diào)）動(dòng)作的全過程。四、動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作狀語動(dòng)詞-ing 形式可以作狀語，在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為 方式或伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于相對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語從句。動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時(shí)多位于句首；作結(jié)果、伴隨情 況狀語時(shí)常位于句末。1 表示時(shí)間， 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。 （有時(shí)可在動(dòng)詞-ing 前加一個(gè)表時(shí)間的 連詞， 如 when,while 等

10、）Havi ng made full preparatio ns, we are ready for the exam in ati on.我們已經(jīng)作好了充分準(zhǔn)備，現(xiàn)在可以應(yīng)考了。（=After we have made full preparati on s.）Heari ng the n ews, they jumped with great joy.Having finished his homework, Henry went home. (= After having finished hishomework/After he had fini shed his homework,

11、Herny went home.) 2 表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。Being ill, he did nt go to school yesterday.3由于生病，他昨天沒有上學(xué)。 (= Since he was ill.)Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set.( =As he was poor, he couldn t afford a TV set.)Not knowing his phone number, we couldn t get in touch with him. (= Because wedidnt know his pho

12、ne number,we couldnt get in touch with him.)3 表示結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語。His father died, leaving him a lot of money.= and left him a lot of money. 他父親死了，留給他許多錢 .European football is played in 80 countries, making is the most popular sport in theworld.(= European football is played in 80 countries; as a result,

13、 it becomes the mostpopular sport in the world.)4 表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.=If you work hard at your lessons. 如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就一定能成功。Using your head, youll find a good way. (= If you use your head, you ll find a goodway.)Driving too fast, you ll damage the car. (=If yo

14、u drive too fast, youll damage the car)5 表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。Although toiling all the year round (=Although he was toiling all theyear round), the poorpeasant couldnt afford to send his children to school. 這位貧苦的農(nóng)民，盡管終年勞累，還是無力送孩子上學(xué)。Weighing almost one hundred jin (=Though it weighed almost one hundred j

15、in), the boxwas lifted by him with one hand.6 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.= .and stared at the sky for a long time 他躺在草地上，長時(shí)間地望著天空。The six blind men stood all day long by the roadside, begging for money (=they werebegging for money).這六個(gè)盲人整天站在路邊乞

16、討。He went out, slamming the door (=he slammed the door). 他走出去，砰地一聲把門帶上。一、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換(用動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式)1.The bus was held up by the snowstorm, so it caused the delay.The bus was held up by the snowstorm, _ the delay.2._ John watched curiously and thought that the womanseemed a little crazy. John watched curious

17、ly,that the woman seemed a little crazy.43.While I was waiting for the train, I had a long talk with him._for the train, I had a long talk with him.4.Because I was ill, I stayed at home._, I stayed at home.5.If you turn right at the second crossing, you will find the post office.right at the secondc

18、rossing, you will find the post office. 6.Because she had been beaten by a snake, she wasfrightened at it. _ _by a snake, she was frightened at it. 二、選擇填空1. Though I have often heard this song _ , I have never heard you _ it.A. being sung; sang B. sang; singing C. sung; sing D. to be sung; to sing2.

19、 It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night.A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned3. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of apassenger.A. putB. to be putting C. to put D. putting4. Did you meet anyone _ at the party?No, in fact, I found the party rather _ .A. intere

20、sting; boringB. interested; boringC. interesting; bored D. interested; bored5. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.A. to have stolen B. to be stealingC. to steal D. stealing6. Don t leave the water_ while you brush your teeth.A. runB. runningC. being run D. to run7. The _ boy was

21、last seen _ near the East Lake.A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smoke9._ His job isall the children.A.look after B.looked after C.looking after10. -Do you know the girl

22、 _ near the window?-She is my deskmate.A.seating B.standing C.is sitting11. What worried the boy most was _ to visit his father is the hospital.C.his not been allowedD.his being not allowed12. Is it possible for a Chinese school to accept the policy _the use of mobilephones on campus?A.permitting B.

23、to permit C.permitted D.being permitted13. -Was yesterdays conference successful?-Not really. The number of _was much smaller than we had expected.A.people who attend B.people attended C.people attending D.people attend14._ such a good chance, how could she let it slip?A.Having been given B.Having g

24、iven C.To being given D.To have given15. Living near the sea, _ .A.we enjoy fresh air and beautiful sight.B.fresh air and beautiful is what we enjoyC.it is fresh and beautiful sight is what we enjoyD. smokedD.having looked afterA.his not being allowedB.his not allowing5D.so we enjoy fresh and beauti

25、ful sight16._Thinking about thefact that I was not well prepared ,and _ to lose my face,I gave up the English contest.A.not wanting B.not want C.not wanted D.not to want17. There are many mistakes in his essay, _his failure.A.which results B.leading to C.led to D.that led to18._such heavy loss, the

26、businessman doest nhave the courage to go on.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered19._ the project,they have to stay there for another two weeks.A.Not completingB.Not completedC.Not having completedD.Having not completed20. Though _ natural resources, the area is well developed.A.lack

27、ed B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in21._ , he seems to be very nervous.A.Judge from appearance B.Judges from appearanceC.Judged from appearance D.Judging from appearan動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞用法的區(qū)別動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式按功能可分為動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。首先，動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式在起名詞作用 時(shí)，稱為動(dòng)名詞；用作形容詞或副詞時(shí)，稱為現(xiàn)在分詞。一、 動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式用作主語時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞 ，現(xiàn)在分詞不可以用作主語。1動(dòng)名詞用作主語 .

28、Reading French is easier than speaking it. 閱讀法文比講法語容易。2有時(shí) it 作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞主語放在句子后面It nso use talking with him. 在這里碰到你真是奇跡。It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本書是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。3.“ There is + n 后可以用動(dòng)名詞作主語There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很難說。There was no arguing with her. 沒法和她爭論。二、 動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式用作

29、賓語時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞不可以用作賓語。1有許多動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建議結(jié)束會(huì)議。 2有許多帶介詞的動(dòng)詞固定搭配接動(dòng)名詞作賓語6He has given up playing football. 他現(xiàn)在不踢足球了。三、 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式用作狀語時(shí)為現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)名詞不可以用作狀語?，F(xiàn)在分詞及其短語可以用作狀語，表示 時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨 情 況等。其動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在謂語之前或之后，也可能與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Climbing to the top of the tower, w

30、e saw a magnificent view.我們爬到塔頂后，看到了一片壯麗的景象。（表時(shí)間）Living in the country, we had few social engagements. 我們住在鄉(xiāng)下，交際的機(jī)會(huì)很少。（表原因）Having money, he will buy a bigger car. （表?xiàng)l件）Knowing the secret, she would not tell me about it. （表讓步）The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. 那孩子跌倒了，頭

31、碰在門上碰破了 .（表結(jié)果）He stood leaning against the wall. 他靠墻站著 .（表方式或伴隨情況）四、 動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作表語， 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的 -ing 的作用相當(dāng)于名詞時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞。 當(dāng)動(dòng) 詞的 -ing 的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的 -ing 為現(xiàn)在分詞。1動(dòng)名詞用作表語Her hobby is painting. 她的愛好是繪畫。 Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及時(shí)到達(dá)那里。2現(xiàn)在分詞用作表語The news is

32、 encouraging. 這消息令人鼓舞。 This story is very interesting. 這個(gè)故事很有趣。The day was so charming. 天氣真是好極了。 The difference was most striking. 差別很明顯。五、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語現(xiàn)在分詞表示其所修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作，即 : 現(xiàn)在分詞與其所修飾的名詞在邏輯上具有主 謂關(guān)系。通常能改為一個(gè)定語從句。動(dòng)名詞則表示其修飾的名詞的性質(zhì)，或用途或功能 . 兩 者在邏輯上無主謂關(guān)系。因此，只能改為一個(gè) for 加動(dòng)名詞的短語。 1動(dòng)名詞作定語，動(dòng)名詞表性質(zhì)或用途或功能。swimmin

33、g pool 游泳池 drinking water 飲用水 swimming suit 游泳衣72現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 developingcountries 發(fā)展中國家 growingdoubts 越來越大的懷疑 theremaining days 剩下的歲月a booming town 日漸繁榮的城鎮(zhèn) theexisting condition 現(xiàn)有條件 lastingpeace 持久的和平8六、 動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作補(bǔ)語， 但現(xiàn)在分詞用作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)， 與前面的賓語構(gòu)成 復(fù) 合賓語。具有這種復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞多為表示感覺的動(dòng)詞，如： smell, observe, watch, notice,

34、 look at, listen to 等。另外，有些使役動(dòng)詞如have, set, get, catch, keep, leave 等可以后面接含有現(xiàn)在分詞的復(fù)合賓語。還有，作為賓語補(bǔ)語的現(xiàn)在分詞有時(shí)前面可有as,前面的動(dòng)詞多用 regard,consider, describe, see, think of 等。現(xiàn)在分詞用作主語補(bǔ)語，多用在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，與主語構(gòu) 成復(fù)合主語。而動(dòng)名詞作補(bǔ)語對(duì)相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞卻沒這些規(guī)定。1動(dòng)名詞用作補(bǔ)語I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我管這叫做拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻。（ robbing 是賓語補(bǔ)語）This is called

35、turning things upside down. 這叫做把事物顛倒了。（ turning 是主語補(bǔ)語） 2現(xiàn)在分詞用作補(bǔ)語We found him waiting to receive us. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他等著歡迎我們。We kept the fire burning all the time. 我們使火一直燃燒著。They described the young man as having initiative and drive. 他們說這青年積極肯干。He was seen going upstairs. 有人看見他上樓?，F(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞練習(xí)1. The old farmer,_ t

36、he badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of theburning house, _ for help.A. supporting; calling B. supported by; calledC. being supported by; called D. being supporting; called2. - Oh, it s already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening?- We ll go on with the matter_

37、this afternoon.A. be discussed B. being discussing C. discussed D. which discussed3. The brave man died,_ his young wife nothing but a_ cottage.A. left; breaking B. leaving; broken C. left; broken D. to leave; breaking4. _hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam.A. Having been workedB. Not

38、to have workedC. Having never workedD. Never have worked5. _the exam, the boy was punished by his father.A. No passing B. Having passedC. Not passing D. Not having passed6. Time_, I can have done it better.8._ into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now.A. permit B. be permit

39、ted7._ , the boy couldnA. Since the key has lostC. Lost the keyC. permitting D. to permit tenter his house.B. The key been lostD. Having lost the key9A. Being translatedB. Having translatedC. To be translatedD. Having been translated9._for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous andwas at a loss what to do.A. Having blamed B. To blame C. Being to be blame D. Being to blame10._ from heart troub