動名詞作賓語或介詞賓語

1、動名詞作賓語或介詞賓語1.在很多動詞后都可跟動名詞作賓語：Have you finished cleaning the windows? 窗子擦好了嗎？Would you mind shutting the door? 勞駕把門關上行嗎？I enjoyed working there. 我在那里工作很高興。Our house needs painting.我們的房子需要油漆。能跟這種賓語的動詞很多，常見的有：stop, suggest, remember, begin, like, start, mind,continue, can t help 等。2.有些動詞可以跟動名詞作賓語也可用不定式

2、作賓語，意思上沒有太大差別，如：Do you like playing chess? 你喜歡下棋嗎？to playThey began talking about something else. 他們開始談別的事。to talk有時兩者在意思上有差別：I remember seeing you somewhere.記得在哪里見到過你。Remember to post the letter.記得把信發(fā)掉。3.動名詞作介詞賓語的時候也很多，特別是在某些成語后，如：Are you interested in going with us? 你有興趣和我們一塊兒去嗎？He is fond of play

3、ing tennis. 他很喜歡打網球。I m thinking of going to Hangchow. 我在考慮到杭州去一趟。Thank you for coming. 謝謝你來。4.動名詞還可和某些介詞一道用作狀語等：After playing chess, we watched TV .下過棋之后我們看電視。Give me a phone call before leaving home. 離家前給我打個電話。I m all for going by bus. 我完全贊成坐公共汽車去。Exercises:1. 在下面句子中作賓語的動名詞(短語 )下劃線：1) He enjoys te

4、aching.2) She kept talking.3) She disliked my working late.4) Forgive my ringing up so early.5) I remember telling her about you.6) She liked reading short stories.7) Then we stopped talking.8) Would you mind telling her about it?9) He admitted taking the money.10) They began talking about their sch

5、ool days.2. 在下面用作介詞賓語的動名詞下劃線：1) I don t feel like eating anything now.2) I ve got used to working at night.3) I m proud of having a friend like you.4) She was keen on coming to Chine.5) I never dreamed of meeting you in China.6) My sister is fond of reading picture books.3. 在下面句子中的介詞短語下劃線：1) We can

6、t live without eating.2) They were surprised at your doing that.3) Since returning from Xi an, I was awfully busy.4) She left without saying good-bye to us.5) What have you been doing besides writing the book?6) He was praised for working so hard.不定式作主語和賓語http:/ 2007年 09 月 11 日19:10北文圖書不定式作主語和賓語1.不定

7、式 (短語 )?？捎米髦髡Z：To see is to believe.眼見為實。To act like that is foolish. 這樣做是愚蠢的。2.在很多情況下我們都把不定式往后移，前面用先行詞it 作形式上的主語，這樣句子結構會顯得更平穩(wěn)。這時謂語可以是：1)be形容詞：It s difficult to learn English well.學好英語不容易。2)be形容詞 for 引起的短語：It s hard for me to answer.我很難回答。3)be形容詞 of 引起的短語：It s kind of you to think so much of us. 難得你為

8、我們這樣著想。4)be名詞：It s our duty to do that. 這樣做是我們的職責。5)其他形式的謂語：How long does it take to get there? 到那里需要多少時間？3.不定式 (短語 )作賓語的時候極多，例如：She is learning to swim. 她在學游泳。He promised to help us. 他答應幫助我們。4.有些動詞后可跟一個帶有連接副(代 )詞的不定式作賓語：I don t know how to answer. 我不知道該怎樣回答。She will tell you what to do. 她會告訴你該怎么做。5

9、.有時還可用it 作形式上的賓語，把不定式放到后面去：I don t think it necessary to do that. 我想這樣做不必要。He felt it his duty to point that out. 他感到有責任指出這一點。Exercises:1. 在下面句子的主語下劃線：1) To smoke so many cigarettes is bad for your health.2) It s difficult to answer the question.3) It s nice to be with you.4) It s impossible to get

10、there in two hours.5) It s our duty to help them.6) How long does it take to get there?7) It made her angry to hear that.8) It isn t right not to help them.9) It is an honour to be invited to visit the country.10) It s easy to answer that question.2. 在下面句子的賓語下劃線：1) She agreed to go there with us.2)

11、They decided to go there by train.3) He promised to help us.4) Do you wish to go there with us?5) They will show you how to do the work.6) I did not know how to translate the sentence.7) Helen found it hard to get on with them.8) Do you think it easy to learn English?9) They considered it better not

12、 to go.10) She felt it her duty to take care of the children.不定式作定語和狀語http:/ 2007年 09 月 11 日19:10北文圖書不定式作定語和狀語1.不定式 (短語 )作定語時很多，特別是在某些句型中：Do you have anything more to say? 你還有什么話要說嗎？I want to get something to read. 我要找些資料看。There is nothing to be worried about. 沒有什么事值得發(fā)愁。We need someone to take care

13、of the children.我們需要人看孩子。2.有些名詞后?？捎貌欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ：It s time to go to bed. 是睡覺的時候了。You have no right to do that. 你沒有權利這樣做。That s the best way to do the work. 這是做這工作最好的辦法。I d like to have a chance to see him again. 我希望有機會再見到他。3.不定式有時可用作狀語，表示目的、結果、原因等：I went to town to buy some books. 我進城去買書。I ve come to learn

14、 from you. 我是來向你們學習的。What have I said to make you so angry? 我說了什么話使你這樣生氣？She lived to be ninety. 她活到了九十歲。I m glad to see you.看到你我很高興。We are proud to be students of China. 作為中國的學生我們感到自豪。4.還可用來表示某方面：She is always ready to help others.她總是樂于幫助別人。We were eager to go home.我們亟于想回家。Be careful not to catch c

15、old. 當心別感冒。The book is easy to understand.這書容易懂。She was too young to understand that.她太年輕不懂這一點。Exercises:1. 在作定語的不定式 (短語 )下劃線：1) I have a lot of things to do today.2) There are two letters to be typed.3) Let s go and get something to drink.4) There s no need to worry at all.5) We have a right to kno

16、w.6) I had nothing to do that night.7) She didn t have the courage to tell you that.8) That s probably the only thing to do now.9) There is no need to worry.10) He is not a man to bow before difficulties.2. 在作狀語的不定式 (短語 )下劃線：1) They ran over to welcome us.2) I m sorry to hear that.3) They are eager

17、to take part in the job.4) The girls are easy to get along with.5) You are right to say so.6) She was glad to see us.7) Never too old to learn.8) It was too late to do anything now.9) She was unwilling to take the job.10) To be frank, I don t like the idea.動名詞的句法作用http:/ 2007 年 09 月 11 日 19:10北文圖書動名

18、詞的句法作用1.動名詞起名詞的作用，在句中可作：1)主語：Fishing is prohibited. 禁止垂釣。2)表語：My favourite sport is skiing. 我最喜歡的運動是滑雪。3)賓語：I suggested going by plane. 我建議坐飛機去。4)介詞的賓語：She is fond of swimming. 她喜歡游泳。5)定語：This is your boarding pass. 這是你的登機證。在很多情況下動名詞和名詞已構成合成詞：opening speech 開幕詞waiting-room候車室living room客廳sleeping pi

19、ll安眠藥deep-ploughing 深耕close-planting 密植weightlifting 舉重family-planning 計劃生育2.有些動名詞已經名詞化，前面可加冠詞，可用定語修飾，甚至有復數形式：You should give the room a good cleaning. 你把房間好好打掃一下。Who did the recording? 是誰錄的音？Please take our greetings to him.請向他問好。The work needs careful planning. 這工作需要周密計劃。3.有些動名詞已完全成為名詞：Let s bring

20、 in the washing. 咱們去把洗好的衣服收進來。The story has a happy ending.這故事有個愉快的結局。Exercises:1. 在下面句子中的動名詞下劃線并說明它在句中的作用：1) Smoking is prohibited. ( )2) The only thing that interests her is dancing. ( )3) They insisted on going by plane. ( )4) I like reading short stories. ( )5) What can we learn by watching such

21、 movies? ( )6) Do you mind my sitting here? ( )7) They insisted on my staying there for supper. ( )8) I m thinking of going to London. ( )9) She takes no interest in my working there. ( )10) Running is my favourite sport. ( )11) Her job is raising pigs. ( )12) Seeing is believing. ( ) ( )2. 把下面合成名詞譯

22、為漢語：1) reading-room2) parking space3) sitting room4) washing machine5) job-hunting6) living standard7) handwriting8) sight seeing9) washing-powder10) air-conditioning3. 在下面句子的真正主語下劃線：1) It s nice talking to you.2) It s no use doing that.3) It s no good arguing with him.4) It s a waste of time going

23、there now.動名詞作賓語或介詞賓語http:/ 2007 年 09 月 11 日 19:10北文圖書動名詞作賓語或介詞賓語1.在很多動詞后都可跟動名詞作賓語：Have you finished cleaning the windows? 窗子擦好了嗎？Would you mind shutting the door? 勞駕把門關上行嗎？I enjoyed working there. 我在那里工作很高興。Our house needs painting.我們的房子需要油漆。能跟這種賓語的動詞很多，常見的有：stop, suggest, remember, begin, like, st

24、art, mind,continue, can t help 等。2.有些動詞可以跟動名詞作賓語也可用不定式作賓語，意思上沒有太大差別，如：Do you like playing chess? 你喜歡下棋嗎？to playThey began talking about something else. 他們開始談別的事。to talk有時兩者在意思上有差別：I remember seeing you somewhere.記得在哪里見到過你。Remember to post the letter.記得把信發(fā)掉。3.動名詞作介詞賓語的時候也很多，特別是在某些成語后，如：Are you intere

25、sted in going with us? 你有興趣和我們一塊兒去嗎？He is fond of playing tennis. 他很喜歡打網球。I m thinking of going to Hangchow. 我在考慮到杭州去一趟。Thank you for coming. 謝謝你來。4.動名詞還可和某些介詞一道用作狀語等：After playing chess, we watched TV .下過棋之后我們看電視。Give me a phone call before leaving home. 離家前給我打個電話。I m all for going by bus. 我完全贊成坐公共

26、汽車去。Exercises:1. 在下面句子中作賓語的動名詞(短語 )下劃線：1) He enjoys teaching.2) She kept talking.3) She disliked my working late.4) Forgive my ringing up so early.5) I remember telling her about you.6) She liked reading short stories.7) Then we stopped talking.8) Would you mind telling her about it?9) He admitted t

27、aking the money.10) They began talking about their school days.2. 在下面用作介詞賓語的動名詞下劃線：1) I don t feel like eating anything now.2) I ve got used to working at night.3) I m proud of having a friend like you.4) She was keen on coming to Chine.5) I never dreamed of meeting you in China.6) My sister is fond

28、 of reading picture books.3. 在下面句子中的介詞短語下劃線：1) We can t live without eating.2) They were surprised at your doing that.3) Since returning from Xi an, I was awfully busy.4) She left without saying good-bye to us.5) What have you been doing besides writing the book?6) He was praised for working so hard

29、.現在分詞的句法作用http:/ 2007年 09 月 11 日19:10北文圖書現在分詞的句法作用1.現在分詞和動名詞同形，在句中可構成各種進行時態(tài)(參閱時態(tài)各節(jié) )：It is raining hard. 雨下得很大。 ( 現在進行時 )He was writing a letter. 他在寫信。 (過去進行時 )What have you been doing?你在干什么？(現在完成進行時)2.除了構成謂語外，現在分詞還可：1)用作表語：The story is very interesting. 這故事很有趣。The day was so charming. 天氣十分怡人。2)用作定語

30、：China is a developing country. 中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。The house is a charming museum now.這房子現在是一座迷人的博物館。3)用作狀語：He is busy answering letters. 他在忙著給人回信。Let s go fishing. 咱們釣魚去吧。4)用來構成復合賓語：We saw a girl running towards us. 我們看見一個女孩向我們跑來。I heard someone knocking at the door. 我聽見有人敲門。3.有不少現在分詞可用作表語，表示主語的特征：The wate

31、r was quite refreshing. 水使人清新。One of the boys is missing. 有一個男孩不見了?！?That s amazing,” Jack said.“這太使人吃驚了， ”杰克說。The film was very amusing. 這部電影很有趣。能這樣用的分詞很多，如 amusing, charming, discouraging, exciting, interesting, inviting,missing, amazing, shocking, surprising 等。Exercises:1. 在下面句子中的分詞或分詞短語下劃線，并說出它們

32、在句中的作用：1) Do you see the man walking down the street? ( )2) I see him passing my house every day. ( )3) I went shopping this morning. ( )4) A boy came running out of the house. ( )5) He found the boys stealing his apples. ( )6) He fired, wounding one of the wolves. ( )7) The teacher told us an amusi

33、ng story. ( )8) Who knows the missing word in this sentence? ( )9) We saw some peasants working in the fields. ( )10) I don t like to see singing birds in cages. ( )11) We went boating on the lake. ( )12) He said he had seen a flying saucer. ( )2. 在下面句子中作表語的分詞下劃線：1) The weather was charming.2) The s

34、tory was quite amusing.3) Skiing is more exciting than skating.4) Her photograph was missing.5) Such views are shocking to me.6) The matter is pressing.7) The old man s views are shocking.8) These reports are confusing.9) What he said was rather disappointing.10) Some of the letters are exciting.現在分

35、詞作定語和狀語http:/ 2007 年 09 月 11 日 19:10北文圖書現在分詞作定語和狀語1.現在分詞作定語時很多，有時單獨作定語，放在所修飾的詞前面：He is a promising young man. 他時一個有培養(yǎng)前途的青年。It is a fascinating city. 這是一座迷人的城市。Wisconsin is the leading dairy state. 威斯康星乳牛產品領先各州。They are visiting in a neighbouring town.他們在臨近一座城市訪問。2.也可引起一個短語，放在所修飾的詞后面：There is someone

36、 knocking at the door. 有人在敲門。I know a man working in that factory.我認識一個在那家工廠干活的人。The girl sitting beside me is my cousin. 坐在我旁邊的姑娘是我的表妹。Do you know the man talking to her? 和她說話的男子你認識嗎？3.現在分詞也有時可用作狀語，修飾謂語，表示：1)同時發(fā)生的另一動作：A boy came running in. 一個男孩跑進屋來。I went shopping with mother in town.我和媽媽一道進城買東西。F

37、ollowing Tom, they started to climb. 他們跟著湯姆往上爬。2)原因：Not knowing the way, he couldn t go there.由于不知道路，他無法到那里去。Being excited, she couldn t go to sleep.因為激動她睡不著。3)時間：Hearing the news, we jumped with joy. 聽到這消息時我們高興得跳了起來。Turning around, he saw a tiger running up. 他轉過身時看到一只老虎跑了過來。有時和 when 或 while 連用：They

38、 got engaged when traveling in Europe. 他們在歐洲旅游時訂了婚。His fingers trembled while doing so. 他這樣做時手指顫抖了一下。Exercises:1. 在下面句子中作定語的分詞或分詞短語下劃線：1) He is a promising young man.2) It is a fascinating city.3) He was one of the leading composers of the time.4) Who is the girl standing on her hands?5) They built

39、a road leading to the village.6) Who knows the missing words in the sentence?7) My aunt told us an amusing story.8) In our village live 350 families belonging to three nationalities.9) There is a car waiting at the door.10) Don t wake the sleeping child.2. 在下面句子中由分詞或分詞短語表示的狀語下劃線：1) Traveling by jeep

40、, we visited a number of cities.2) We couldn t help them, being so poor ourselves.3) Coming down the mountain, we met Jim on the way.4) We spent a lot of money rebuilding the house.5) He worked the whole afternoon trying to repair the car.6) Not knowing the language, he couldn t get a job.7) The man

41、ager came towards us smiling.8) Having failed twice, they didn t want to try again.9) Being a student, she was naturally interested in museums.10) Turning around, she saw a man following her.11) When leaving the airport, they waved to us again and again.12) While staying there, I learnt a lot from t

42、hem.現在分詞構成復合結構http:/ 2007 年 09 月 11 日 19:10北文圖書現在分詞構成復合結構1.不少動詞可用現在分詞構成復合賓語：I saw Tom waving to me. 我看見湯姆向我揮手。He heard someone knocking at the door.他聽見有人敲門。I am sorry to keep you waiting. 對不起讓你久等了。We found a tree lying across the road. 我們發(fā)現一棵樹攔在馬路中間。這些都可作為句型來記，如hear somebody doingsomething, see some

43、body doingsomething，還有 keep, notice, find, leave 等動詞可跟這樣的賓語。2.在 see, hear, notice 這類動詞后，有時可跟兩種復合結構，一種由現在分詞構成，一種由不帶 to 的不定式構成：We saw a man standing there.我們看見一個男子站在那里。We saw a man leave the house.我們看見一個男子離開了那座房子。前者表示動作正在進行，后者表示動作業(yè)已完成，有時兩種結構差別不大，可以換用，如：I often heard her singing this song. 我常聽見她唱這首歌。si

44、ng3.這種結構也可用于被動形式：He was often seen working in the fields. 人們常常看見他在地里干活。She was once heard singing this song.有一次人們聽見她唱這支歌。4.介詞后間或也跟這種復合賓語：She listened to him playing the piano. 她聽他彈鋼琴。He looked at the children playing under the tree. 他看孩子們在樹下玩耍。Exercises:1. 在下面句子中的復合賓語下劃線：1) I watched the children da

45、ncing in the garden.2) She heard some people talking in the next room.3) He felt the house shaking.4) Do you smell something burning?5) I am sorry to keep you waiting.6) His question set us all thinking.7) I noticed someone standing at the door.8) My uncle caught the children stealing his apples.9)

46、I ll have you all speaking English well within a year.10) He found them playing basketball.11) I have been kept waiting for two hours.12) Voices were heard calling for help.2. 在介詞后的復合賓語下劃線：1) Just look at the rain pouring down!2) We listened to the band playing in the park.3) She wanted to leave the

47、 house without anyone seeing her.4) I should thank you instead of you thanking me.5) This story is about a girl sailing across the Atlantic alone.6) With so many people supporting us, we are sure to succeed.7) I couldn t leave the house without anyone seeing me.8) He was like an old tree blossoming

48、again.過去分詞的句法作用http:/ 2007年 09 月 11 日19:10北文圖書過去分詞的句法作用1.過去分詞在句子中的作用大致與現在分詞相似，也可以用作：1)表語：The glass is broken.玻璃杯破了。2)定語：He has a sister called Julia.他有個妹妹叫朱莉婭。3)狀語：Greatly interested, they asked many question. 他們大感興趣問了許多問題。也可構成復合賓語：I ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 我明天理發(fā)。過去分詞多有被動意思：I found the mirror

49、broken. (The mirror was broken.)2.過去分詞作表語：過去分詞作表語時很多，多和be 構成謂語 (a)，也可和其他系動詞構成謂語(b) ：a. She is never bored.她從不感到厭煩。The machine is broken. 機器壞了。I was very frightened. 我很害怕。She was tired from the flight. 她坐飛機坐累了。b. They got married last week. 他們上星期結婚的。She looked disappointed. 她顯得很失望。He felt rather tire

50、d. 他感到相當累。Tom seemed delighted at the idea.湯姆聽了這想法似乎很高興。Exercises:1. 在下面句子中的過去分詞下劃線，并說明它們的作用：1) Is the room furnished? ( )2) She entered, accompanied by her daughter. ( )3) These are stolen goods. ( )4) They got married last year. ( )5) He was wounded in the leg. ( )6) Did you ever hear the song sun

51、g in Italian? ( )7) She had a worried look on her face. ( )8) He didn t notice the surprised look on her face. ( )9) She watched the child carried out of the room. ( )10) Is there anything planned for tonight? ( )2. 在下面句子中作表語的過去分詞下劃線：1) Don t get excited.2) They felt insulted.3) The door remained lo

52、cked.4) She looked disappointed.5) They got engaged last winter.6) Soon I grew dissatisfied with the work.7) She seemed embarrassed by the question.8) He was terribly upset.9) She became annoyed with the children.10) The shoe string came untied.過去分詞作定語和狀語http:/ 2007 年 09 月 11 日 19:10北文圖書過去分詞作定語和狀語1.

53、過去分詞作定語的時候也不少，單獨一個詞多放在所修飾詞的前面(a)，引起的短語都放在所修飾的詞后面(b)：a. When shall we have the written test? 我們什么時候考筆試？I ll have fried eggs. 我要煎雞蛋。Do you like smoked fish? 你喜歡熏魚嗎？b. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么計劃的活動嗎？What s the language spoken there?那里講什么語言？A girl dressed in blue came into the room.

54、一個穿藍色衣服的姑娘走了進來。有時單獨的過去分詞也可放在所修飾詞的后面：We still have some bread left. 我們還剩一些面包。過去分詞有時構成合成詞作定語：a well-known musician著名的音樂家heartfelt thanks 由衷的感激2.過去分詞可以作狀語，表示動作發(fā)生的背景(a)，原因 (b)，時間 (c)或假設情況 (d)：a. Built in 1192, the bridge is over 800 years old. 這座橋是 1192 年修的，已有 800 多年的歷史了。Depressed, she went to see her m

55、other 她.情緒低落，跑去找她母親。b. Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling. 由于出生農民家庭，他只上了兩年的學。c. Seen from the hill (=when it is seen , ), the town looks magnificent. 從山上看，這座城市非常美。d. Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.和你們相比，我們還有很大差距。Exercises:1. 在下面句子作定語的過去分詞或過去分詞短語下劃線：1) T

56、his is an unexpected development.2) It is also called “ The Unfinished Symphony ” .3) Whose are the reserved seats?4) England and Scotland united to become the United Kingdom.5) The play put on by the students was a great success.6) The experience gained will be of great value to us.7) Her father is

57、 a retired professor.8) The company was run by some returned students.9) We held a party to welcome the newly married couple.10) What do you think of the plan put forward by Professor Johnson?2. 在下面句子作狀語的過去分詞或過去分詞短語下劃線：1) Guided by these principles, he worked for ten years.2) He returned to Shanghai, disguised as a merchant.3) “ You re right! ” she said, pleased.4) Mr. Cooper, deeply moved, thanked them again and again.5) She went home exhausted.6) Greatly interested, they asked her to sing another song.7)