新概念第二冊語法總結(jié)

1、1.被動語態(tài)（二）2.介詞用法：見書3.復(fù)習(xí)there be句型it做為虛主語可以用來表示時間，天氣，溫度，距離，人或指代一個句子或不定式。4. Summary of Unit two5.并列句我們可以將幾個簡單句連在一起,組成并列句,常用以下連詞:and, but, so, yet, or, bothand, eitherorn, eithernorn,otonlybutas well, not onlybut also主謂一致:當(dāng)主語由and , both連接時，通常用復(fù)數(shù)謂語.Both the girls and the boy are his friends.當(dāng)主語由neitherno

2、r, eitheror, not only或o連接aifeo謂語動詞與nor, or, but also后面的一致，在英語語法中，這被稱為就近will/must/can/would/could/have to be done have/has been done must havebeen done drive用法home/house致.Neither he nor I am going to the airport.Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.以下一些動詞很少用與進(jìn)行時態(tài): appear看起來）,appreciate

3、鑒賞）,believe相信），feel感覺到）,forget（忘記）,hear（聽 見）,know（知道）,like（喜歡）,look like（看起來像），n otice（注意到）,remember（記得）,resemble（形 似）,see（看 到）,think（認(rèn)為）,understand理解）,have（擁有）,love（愛）,seem看起來）,show（顯 示） ,min d（介意）,sound聽起來），hate討厭）,detest憎 恨）,desire意 欲） ,引號:引號位于一行之上,應(yīng)該在句尾其他標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號,如逗號,句號,問好之外.引語的第一個詞以大寫字母開頭.在said, as

4、ked,等詞后面用逗號,只有當(dāng)它們位于句尾時才在它們后面用句號.當(dāng)said, asked?詞置于引語之間時，句子的后半部分以小寫開頭.當(dāng)一個新的說話人開始講話時,要另起一個段落.常用不規(guī)則動詞過去式和過去分詞在英語里約有300多個put up（搭建）,Put out（撲滅）,put on（穿上）,put sb. up（為某人安排住宿）, putup with（容忍）,put down抄寫）,put off（推遲）,put away放好，放到一邊去）6.般現(xiàn)在時的復(fù)習(xí),狀態(tài)動詞,標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的使用.7.復(fù)習(xí)一般過去時/不規(guī)則過去式和過去分詞8.現(xiàn)在完成時復(fù)習(xí)/定語從句（見復(fù)合句部分）l與現(xiàn)在完成時連

5、用的時間副詞: yet, just, before, recently, lately,ever, never, so far（迄今為止）,up till now（直至U現(xiàn)在）,up to now（直至U現(xiàn)在）,since（自從）,for a long time（很長時間）,in the past/in the last few years在過去的幾年里）,these day目前）,l某些非延續(xù)性動詞（動作開始變終止的動詞） ,在現(xiàn)在完成時中不 能與表示一段時間狀語搭配:例如:die, arrive, join, leave, go, refuse , fail, finish, buy, m

6、arry,divorce, awake, buy, borrow, le nd這些動詞并非不能用在現(xiàn)在完成時，而是不能接由for引導(dǎo)的時間狀語.但是用在否定句中， 非延續(xù)動詞的現(xiàn)在完成 時可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用.Jane has gone away for a month. （wrong）Jane has been away for a month.（right）His father has died for two years. （wrong）His father has been dead for two years.（right） has gone to （去了某地,指人還在那里）

7、, have been to （去過某地,人已經(jīng)不在那里了）。refuse/deny, bring/take/fetch, very/too 10.冠詞用法 定冠詞用法9.般過去時對比過去完成時,現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞(1)特指(2)地理名詞前加定冠詞河流the yellowriver山脈the Alps, the Himalayas海峽海灣the Taiwan Straits, the English Channel(3)由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要加定冠詞國名及政治組織名the United States, the United Kingdom某些機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)校及建筑名the British Mus

8、eum由普通名詞構(gòu)成的報刊雜志名the New York Times, theTimes零冠詞1.街名2.廣場名3.車站,機(jī)場,公園,橋梁名: Kennedy Airport, BeijingRailway Station, London Bridge4.大學(xué)名Yale University, Cambridge University5.節(jié)日名National Day, May Day, News YearsDay6.多數(shù)雜志名Time, Readers Digest7.物質(zhì)名詞一般意義Water boils at 100 degrees.We cannot live withoutair.8

9、.抽象名詞Life is short. Art is difficult toappreciate.1.used to do用法Used to do表示過去常常做某事現(xiàn)在不做了I used to get up at seven oExperience, save, very/too 2.比較級/最高級,比較狀語從句（見復(fù)合句-比較狀語從句）A/one的區(qū)別3.介詞用法Passed/past, next/other 4.被動語態(tài)總結(jié)般現(xiàn)在時: is/am/are done般過去時: was/were done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時: is/am/are being done現(xiàn)在完成時: have/has b

10、een done過去完成時: had been done般將來時: will be done過去將來時: would be done過去進(jìn)行時: was/were being doneclock.情態(tài)動詞: can be done, must be done, could be done, may be done, mightbe done,情態(tài)動詞完成式: can have been done,must have been done,could have beendone, may have been done，might have been done,Call at（拜訪某地）, call

11、 out at（大聲喊）, call on（拜訪某人） ,call sb up（給某人打電話）, call off（取消） 5.主語+謂語（感官動詞）+doing表示正在發(fā)生的事情,+do表示已經(jīng) 完成的動作.So/suchSo+adj. /adv.such+n.固定用法：so many6.一般將來時will/be going to do決定做某事或者表示建議,請求,肯定或不肯定等含義時只能用will.Watch/look at/follow, solid/firm/stable 7.將來完成時will/be going to do般情況下可以相互替換,但是要表示說話人HOld/lOOk, l

12、OOk fOrward tO（期望）, lOOk Out（當(dāng)心）, lOOk up （查常 在 描 述 行 為 的 動詞 后 面 使 用,如act/look/feel/appear/smell/sound,He looks as if he were a king.Her skin feels as if it were silk.The song sounds as if it were a sad story.He looked as if he had never lived in England.Nosoonerthan,hardlywhen,country/countryside,c

13、ontinuously, continually,No SOO nertha n就與過去完成時連用詢,）, look sb. up（拜訪某人)8.as if /though+虛擬語氣,過去完成時總結(jié)as if /though后面要用虛擬語氣I had no sooner come into the room than it began to rain.The bell had no sooner rung than the game began.如果no sooner放在句首,主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝No sooner had I come into the room than it began t

14、o rain.No sooner had the bell rung than it began to rain.Hardlywhen幾乎沒來得及就與過去完成時連用He had hardly got the money when the policeman caught him.I had hardly finished the last question when the exam ended.如果hardlywhen放在句首，主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝Hardly had he got the money when the policeman caught him.Hardly had I fin

15、ished the last question when the exam ended.9.直接引語變間接引語1.引語前用that,口語中可以省略2.根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q3.時態(tài)變化:一般現(xiàn)在時-一般過去時,一般過去時-過去完成時,般將來時-過去將來時,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時-過去進(jìn)行時,現(xiàn)在完成時-過去完成時, can-could, may-might, must-had to,4.一些指示代詞及表示地點(diǎn)及時間的詞this-that, these-those, now-then, today, tonight-that day, that night,this week-that week, yesterd

16、ay-the day before, the previous day, lastweek- the week before, two days ago-two days before(earlier),tomorrow-the next (following) day, next week-the following week,here-there, come, bring-go, take如果意思上沒有必要改變就不用變了，比如在同一天說的話She said she would come again tonight.He said he arrived yesterday morning.幾

17、種特殊的間接引語特殊疑問句,語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序Where are you going?”he asked.He asked me where I was going.般疑問句,要加if/whetherWill you come tomorrow?”he asked.He asked if I would come the next day.祈使句要變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ?所使用的謂語要根據(jù)語氣來選擇Stay here,”the policeman said.The policeman requested him to stay there.Close the window, please,”my moth

18、er said.My mother asked me to close the window.常用的動詞：advise, ask, beg, comma nd命令）,order, warn, tell, urge（催促）, invite, persuade, remind, forbid 10.虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法, make/do對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬, if從句中談?wù)摰氖窍胂蟮那闆r,主句則推測想象 的結(jié)果 結(jié)構(gòu)：主句用過去時,從句用過去將來時If you came here earlier, you would catch the train.If you spent more time on studying, you would get better result.If I were you, I would accept this offer.注意：如果if從句中的動詞是be,那么應(yīng)該在第一和第三人稱單數(shù) 名詞后用were.Make/do用法makeconversation（聊天）, makethe bed（