語法復(fù)習(xí)八：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 16開

1、語法復(fù)習(xí)八：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)（1）一、動(dòng)詞的分類和形式：動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的詞。動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣3種形式的變化。1、動(dòng)詞按其能否獨(dú)立作謂語而分為：“謂語動(dòng)詞”和“非謂語動(dòng)詞”兩種2、動(dòng)詞的4種基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。3、動(dòng)詞按其構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞詞組作用分為：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。1）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。還可分為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間動(dòng)詞；2）連系動(dòng)詞有兩種：一種表特征或狀態(tài)，另一種表狀態(tài)變化過程。4、五種不同的短語動(dòng)詞：1）“動(dòng)詞+介詞”；2）“動(dòng)詞+副詞”；3）“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”；4）“動(dòng)詞+名詞（或代詞）+介詞”；5）“be+形容詞（包括相當(dāng)

2、于形容詞的過去分詞+介詞”。二、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法：1）表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。2）表示主語的特征、性格和能力。3）表示客觀事實(shí)或真理。4）表示按照計(jì)劃安排好的將來行為。（只限于是go,come, leave, start, stop, be等開始或移動(dòng)意義的詞。）2、一般過去時(shí)的用法：1）表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2）敘述過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的事情。3）表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。3、一般將來時(shí)的用法：1）表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2）表示將來的經(jīng)常動(dòng)作。4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1）表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2）表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。（說話時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定進(jìn)行。）5、過

3、去進(jìn)行進(jìn)的用法：1）過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2）表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞：come, start, stay, leave, go等詞的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示過去的將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。3）was going to do可以表示在過去某一時(shí)間之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：1）表示剛剛完成的動(dòng)作，常與just連用。2）表示過去發(fā)生而持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，甚至延續(xù)到將來。常與since, for連用，但for, since不能與終止性的動(dòng)詞連用。3）表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。7、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，它表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響

4、。一般過去時(shí)通常表示在過去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在沒什么聯(lián)系。2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的行為；一般過去時(shí)著重過去某一時(shí)刻的某一具體動(dòng)作。8、過去完成的用法：1）表示在過去某一或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。常與by, before等介詞短語或一個(gè)狀語從句或上下文暗示。2）表示由過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，常和for（有時(shí)可省去）或since 構(gòu)成的短語或since引導(dǎo)的從句連用。9、過去將來時(shí)的用法：表示對(duì)于過去某一時(shí)刻而言將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。練習(xí)一：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)（1）1. When I saw Mary, she _ on the piano.A. is

5、 playingB. playsC. was playing D. played2. She _ the door before she goes away.A. had lockedB. is locking C. has locked. D. was locking.3. A hunter is a man who _ animals.A. catch B. catches C. will catch D. was catching4. What _ if I drink this?A. happens B. is happening C. will happen D. is happen

6、ed5. I will visit you if Father _ me.A. let B. lets C. is letting D. will let6. Look out! That tree _ fall down.A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. would7. My uncle _ to see me. Hell be here soon.A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came8. They cant leave until they _ their work.A. did B. are doin

7、g C. have done D. has done9. Has he seen this film? Yes. He _ it several days ago. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing10. Now Mike isnt here. He _ Mr Greens. Perhaps he _ back in a few minutes.A. went to; is coming B. has gone to; will comeC. has been to; will be D. is going to; has come11.

8、 That day he ._ his clothes before he came to see me.A. has washedB. washedC. had been washing D. was washed12. I havent finished my composition.I _ for two hours and a half.A. have written it B. have been writing itC. wrote it D. am writting it13. I will take my daughter with me when I _ ShangHai,A

9、. go to B. will go to C. have been to D. have gone to14. This bright girl _ the truth in front of the enemy.A. didnt sayB. couldnt speak toC. said D. didnt tell15. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful.A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built16. When _ school begin? Next M

10、onday. A. has B. does C. did D. is going to17. I will _ here till you give me some money.A. leave B. not leave C. come D. return18. I _ here since I moved here.A. will work B. worked C. work D. have been working19. Every time I _ there, I will buy him something nice.A. went B. will go C. go D. have

11、gone20. It was said that his father _.A. has died B. died. C. has been dead D. had died21. We wont go unless you _ soon.A. had come B. came C. will come D. come22._six years since I began studying English.A. They have been B. it is C. It was D. There are23. They _ the Summer Palace three times.A. ha

12、ve gone toB. have been toC. have been inD. have gone into24. How long havent we seen each other? Well, it _ nearly two years since we _ last. A. is/have met B. was/had met C. is/met D. has been/had met25. Have you seen the art exhibition? No, _ there. A. it was not being held B. they didnt holdC. it

13、 had not held D. they were holding it26. Dont get off the bus until it _.A. stop B. will stop C. stopped D. has stopped27. Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here. But now its gone. A. did you put/have put B. have you put/putC. had you put/was putting D. were you putting/have

14、 put28. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I _ a good drink.A. had enjoyed B. was enjoyingC. enjoyed D. had been enjoying29. Dont come tonight. I would rather you _ tomorrow.A. come B. came C. will come D. coming30. _ you _?A. Do/marry B. Have/marriedC. Have/b

15、een marriedD. Are/married31. When he _ all the newspapers, hell go home.A. sells B. has sold C. will have sold D. will be sold32. This cloth _well and _ long. Ok. Ill take it. A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lastedC. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting33. Hurry up, you _ on the phone. Oh, Im coming.

16、 Thank you. A. are wanted B. are being wanted C. want D. are wanting34. I _ see you, but I didnt, for I had no time.A. had wanted toB. has wanted toC. wantedD. was wanted35. I _ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.A. have lived B. was living C. will be living D. shall have lived36. By this t

17、ime next year he _ from the college.A. will be graduating B. should be graduatingC. will have graduated D. is graduating37. Our teacher told us that the earth _ from west to east.A. turns B. turn C. has turned D. had turned38. My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell/was ridingB.

18、 fell/were ridingC. had fallen/rodeD. had fallen/was riding39. Bill said he _ twenty-one the next year.A. was going to beB. was about to beC. could beD. was to be40. It is high time you _ in bed now.A. are B. were C. will be D. would be41. After a while an agreement _.A. was arrived atB. was arrived

19、 in C. was arrivedD. has been arrived42. The air liner from Beijing _ at 3:00 p.m.A. is about to arrive B. has arrived C. arrives D. is going to arrive43._,that step is not safe!A. Look around B. Look upC. Look out D. Look down44. Have you _ him to give up smoking? No. I _, but he wouldnt listen.A.

20、persuaded/triedB. tried/persuadedC. tried/triedD. persuaded/persuaded45. The research laboratory is going to _ the new type of computer to use.A. take B. make C. put D. send46. I dont know when he _, but when he _, Ill let you know.A. will come/comesB. comes/will comeC. comes/comes D. will come/will

21、 come47. How much do you think that vase _?A. is cost B. used C. was paid for D. cost48. I _ that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but its beginning to look diffcult.A. hopeB. had hopedC. hopedD. am hoping49. “Come on, Peter, I want to show you something.”“Oh, how nice of you, I _ you _ to bring

22、me a gift.”A. never think/are goingB. never thought/ were goingC. didnt think/ are goingD. hadnt thought/ were going50. Its a nice flat, but it _ a proper bathroom.A. havent gotB. hasnt gotC. wouldnt getD. doesnt have got51. She had a shock when she heard the news, _?A. hadnt sheB. didnt sheC. would

23、nt sheD. wont she52. This liquid _ the salt at room temperature.A. became mixed withB. was mixed byC. mixes withD. has been mixing by動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)（2）一、時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)：在復(fù)合句，從句（主要是賓語從句）中的時(shí)態(tài)，常受主句謂語動(dòng)詞的影響，這就叫做時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)，時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)一般有如下的情況。1、如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，其從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)，如：She knows you have been in Beijing for five rears.

24、2、如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞就要用過去時(shí)態(tài)，但要注意到下列情況：（1）如果從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句中須用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，如：She said she was busy then. (2)如果從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，從句中須用過去完成時(shí)，如：I didnt know that she had been to London twice. (3)如果從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后，從句須用過去將來時(shí)，如：They didnt know when th

25、ey would have a rest. (4)如果從句中說明的是一種普遍真理現(xiàn)象，雖然主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)態(tài)從句中仍要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如：When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round. (5)如果從句中有表示具體過去時(shí)間的狀語，雖然其謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，從句仍用一般過去時(shí)，但如果該狀語表示的時(shí)間不具體，則從句仍要用過去完成時(shí)，如：Tome said he was born in 1975.二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)：英語動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)

26、作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中，動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，一般由介詞by引起的短語來表示，如:We often help them. (主動(dòng))我們常幫助他們。They are often helped by us.(被動(dòng))他們常被我們幫助。 1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)各時(shí)態(tài)的形式是由助動(dòng)詞be的各時(shí)態(tài)的形式加及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。 2、被動(dòng)語態(tài)八種時(shí)態(tài)的用法例句:被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法和主動(dòng)語態(tài)各時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法相同，只是句中的主語不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而是動(dòng)作的承受者，如:(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：Now English is taught in all middle schools i

27、n our country. (2)一般過去時(shí)：The Great hall of the People was built in 1959. (3)一般將來時(shí): When will the work be finished? (4)過去將來時(shí)：He told us that the work would be finished the next day. (5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：Your tractor is being repaired now.(6)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：The child was being examined by the doctor when they came in. (7)現(xiàn)在

28、完成時(shí)：The work hasnt been finished yet. (8)過去完成:The new plan had been carried out before the second experiment began.3、在下列情況下，一般使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：（1）當(dāng)不知道動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是誰或沒有必要提到動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者時(shí)，如：Paper was first made in China. （2）當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作承受者的作用時(shí)，如：The new machine was invented by a 20-year-old young worker.4、由主動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種句型：（1）將一個(gè)

29、句子由主動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，可按下列步驟進(jìn)行：先將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語；再將主動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞；最后在被動(dòng)語態(tài)之后加介詞by，并將主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語放在by之后（經(jīng)常被省略），構(gòu)成介詞短語；由主動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要注意被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞中助動(dòng)詞be的各種形式變化，因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞的不同人稱和數(shù)是由助動(dòng)詞be不同的形式來表示的，如：Trees are planted every spring.（）如果主動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞后又有直接賓語，又有間接賓語，一般是將間接賓語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)句中的主語，將直接賓語保留在原處。如將直接賓語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)句中的主語，將間接賓語保留在原處時(shí)，一般要

30、在間接賓語前加介詞to或 for，如：Grandma told me an interesting story last night.was told an interesting story last night./ An interesting story was told to me last night. （）主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的賓語加帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，就將賓語改為主語，將賓補(bǔ)保留在原處，而成為被動(dòng)語態(tài)句中主語的補(bǔ)足語了。賓補(bǔ)可以有下列幾種情況：賓補(bǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式，如：They asked her to sing a song. She was asked to sing a s

31、ong. 在動(dòng)詞make, see, hear, watch, notice等之后，不定式的to在主動(dòng)語態(tài)里可要省略，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)里不能省，如：Tom was seen to come out of the lab.賓補(bǔ)為分詞，如：They heard them singing at the time.They were heard singing at that time.賓補(bǔ)為形容詞、副詞、名詞或介詞短語，如：She kept me busy all the morning. I was kept busy all the morning.（）如果主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的謂語動(dòng)詞為短語動(dòng)詞，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)

32、時(shí)，要注意不要遺漏短語中的介詞或副詞，以保持短語動(dòng)詞的完整性，如：She always takes good care of the children. The children are always taken good care of. （）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)是將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞原形改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因其前有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，所以構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞be就要使用原形，如：They must finish the work before Friday. The work must be finished before Friday.（）be going to, be to, used t

33、o, have to和had better等結(jié)構(gòu)，其作用相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞，在改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只需將后面的動(dòng)詞原形改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)即可，如：The are not going to put off the football match. The football match is not going to be put off.練習(xí)二、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)（2）53. An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week. A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D. will hold

34、54. Im sorry, sir. Your recorder isnt ready yet. It _ in the factory. A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. has been repaired D. hasnt repaired 55. Every possible means , but none prove successful. A. has tried B. has been tried C. is being tried D. tried 56. _ that they can pass the written exam t

35、his time. A. That is hoped B. It is hoped C. That hopes D. It hopes 57. My little sister has broken my watch.- My watch _ by my little sister. A. is broken B. has broken C. have been brokenD. has been broken58. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house. - His room _ by him when I entered the

36、 room. A. was being cleaned B. was cleaned C. was being cleaning D. has been cleaned59. I shall have Finished reading the novel by dinner time.- This novel _ reading (by me) by dinner time. A. will have finished . B. will has been finished C. will have being finished D. will have been finished60. Yo

37、u ought to keep these three rooms clean. -These three rooms _ (by you). A. are oughted to keep clean B. ought to kept clean C. ought to be kept clean D. ought to have been kept clean61. You are about to write a poem, arent you?- A poem _ (by you), _ ? A. is about to be written, arent you B. is about

38、 to be writing, isnt it C. is about to be writing, arent you D. is about to be written, isnt it62. She had better leave a note to him. - A note _ to him (by her). A. had better left B. had be better left C. had better be left D. had better been left63. He doesnt do his homework every day. - His home

39、work _ by him every day. A. doesnt be doneB. arent done C. dont be done D. isnt done64. We must take care of our parents when they are old. - Our parents _ when they are old. A. must be taken care B. must be took cars C. must take care of D. must be taken care of65. People look down upon him because

40、 he is a liar. - He _ because he is a liar. A. is looked down B. is looked down upon C. looks down upon D. looks down66. Father will give me a dictionary on my birthday. - A dictionary _ me by Father on my birthday. A. shall be given to B. will give C. shall give to D. will be giving to67. We electe

41、d her leader.- She by us. A. is elected leader B. was leader elected C. was elected leader D. leader was elected68. - People who live along this road receive their mail in these boxes.- Why are all of the_? A. grey painted mailboxesB. mailboxes grey painted C. mailboxes painted greyD. painted grey m

42、ailboxes69. I saw him enter the room.- He _ the room. A. is seen enter B. is seen to enter C. was seen to enter D. was seen enter 70. The question asked by him is hard _ . A. to answer B. to be answered C. to be answering D. for answer 71. How sweet the music _! A. sounds to be B. is sounded C. is s

43、ounded to be D. sounds 72. In warm weather fruit and meat _ long. A. dont keep B. cannot be kept C. are not kept D. are not keeping 73. He received a telegram _ Mother Sick. A. written B. said C. reading D. writing 74. The classroom _ 30 feet long. A. measures B. is measured C. has D. has length 75.

44、 Do you remember _ ? A. how it is done B. it how to be done C. How is it done by D. how to do 76. to have been rich. A. They say B. It is said C. He is said D. That was said 77. Mathematics is difficult _. A. to learn B. for learning C. to be learned D. of learning78. My hair is so long that I must

45、go to a barbers shop and_. A. have to cut it B. have it cut C. get it to be cut D. to cut it79. The pencil _ well. A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing80. - I cant see the blackboard very well. - Perhaps you need _. A. to examine your eyes B. to have your eyes examined C. to have examined your eyes D. to be examined your eyes81. - Where is the coffee table? - Tom just had it _ away. A. move B. moving C. moved D. moves82. Good medicine _ to the mouth. A. tastes bitter B. tastes bitterly C. is tasted bitter D. is tasted bitterly83. Which girl won the prize?_ A. By w