科技英語翻譯2.

1、第六章 科技英語翻譯English for Science and Technology 第二部分 Part TwoProcedures of today: l Translation of numerals l Partially negative sentences l Attributive clauses l Translation of scientific reportl Writing and converting of thesis abstractl Exercises in class Expression of numerals l Integer¡ Cardi

2、nal number l 1,234,567,890,123(thousand, million, billion, trillion)¡ Ordinal number l Decimal¡ 0.56, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001l Fraction¡ ¼ , ¾ , 2/3, l Percentage ¡ 58%, 0.97%, 230%l Numerals should not be used to start sentences¡ 10 of the 32 samples had traces of the mi

3、neral.¡ Ten of the 32 samples had traces of the mineral.l Large numbers are written in numerals while numbers that are less than ten should be spelt out¡ Thirty members of this group work together for 80 to 90 minutes each time, three or four times a week. ¡ 這個由30人組成的小組每周進行三到四次的實驗，每次實

4、驗時間為80到90分鐘。倍數(shù)增減和比較的漢譯l 不包括基數(shù)增加的表示法（只有一種） + as + adj. + again + as +l The leads of the new condenser are as long again as those of the old.l 新型電容器的引線長度比舊式的加長了一倍。l The output of this one is half again as powerful as that one.l 這臺（電機）的出力比那臺大一半。倍數(shù)增減和比較的漢譯 l 倍數(shù)增加倍數(shù)增加、比較的漢譯l 將英文譯成不包含基數(shù)的漢語句式時應(yīng)在原文的倍數(shù)上減一，即為

5、n-1倍l The production of various stereo recorders has been increased four times as against 1977.l 譯1：各種立體聲錄音機的產(chǎn)量比1977年增加了三倍。（不含基數(shù)）l 譯2：各種立體聲錄音機的產(chǎn)量是1977年的四倍。 （包含基數(shù)）l The output of color television receivers increased by a factor of 3 last year.l 去年彩色電視接收機的產(chǎn)量增加了二倍。（不含基數(shù)）l 去年彩色電視接收機的產(chǎn)量增加到原來的三倍。（包含基數(shù)）l T

6、he speed of the new pump is five times higher than that of the old one. l 新泵的轉(zhuǎn)速比舊泵高四倍。（不含基數(shù)）l 新泵的轉(zhuǎn)速是舊泵的五倍。（包含基數(shù)）l The station had an initial output of 15,000 h.p, three times as high as the Niagara station.l 這座發(fā)電站的最初輸出功率是15000馬力，是尼亞加拉發(fā)電站的三倍。（包含基數(shù)）l 這座發(fā)電站的最初輸出功率是15000馬力，比尼亞加拉發(fā)電站高出兩倍。（不含基數(shù)）l The mass

7、of a proton is 1836 times that of an electron.l 質(zhì)子的質(zhì)量是電子質(zhì)量的1836倍。（包含基數(shù)）l 質(zhì)子的質(zhì)量比電子質(zhì)量大1835倍。（不含基數(shù)）Some more examples l The machine improves the working conditions and raises efficiency four times.l 這臺機器改變了勞動條件，并使效率提高了三倍。l 這臺機器改變了勞動條件，并使效率提高到原來的四倍。l If the resistance is doubled without changing the vol

8、tage, the current becomes only half as strong. l 若電壓不變，電阻增加到原來的兩倍，電流就減少二分之一。l 若電壓不變，電阻增加一倍，電流就減少一半。l “Concord” can fly at twice the speed of sound.l “協(xié)和式”飛機能以兩倍于音速的速度飛行。l “協(xié)和式”飛機能以高出音速一倍的速度飛行。Examples merit attentionl Under high pressure the particles beneath the crust are 2000-fold more than normal

9、.l 高壓下表殼下的粒子數(shù)是常壓下的2000倍。l 高壓下表殼下的粒子數(shù)比常壓下多1999倍。l The waster radiation is revolutionizing X-ray science, enabling researchers to see things on an atomic level with eyes that are a million times more powerful than ever before. l 這種被視為廢物的輻射使X射線科學發(fā)生了一場革命：它使科研工作者能用眼睛看到原子級的東西，這一放大率比以往提高了一百萬倍。l This materi

10、al is ten times better than that one.l 這種材料比那種要強十倍。倍數(shù)減少的譯法l 英語中表示減小時也常用倍數(shù)來表示，漢譯時應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換成分數(shù)。翻譯為“減小為原來的1/n”或“減小了（n-1）/n”l The automatic assembly line can shorten the assembling period by ten times.l 自動裝配線能夠縮短裝配期十分之九。l This metal is three times as light as that one.l 這種金屬比那種金屬輕三分之二。l If the radius of the c

11、oil were tripled, the field would be reduced to one third of its original strength. l 假如線圈的半徑增大到了三倍，磁場強度會減少到原來強度的1/3。l 假如線圈的半徑增大到了三倍，磁場強度會減少2/3。More examplesl The equipment under development will reduce the error probability by a factor of 7.l 正在研制的設(shè)備將使誤差率減小到1/7。l This new kind of insulting film is

12、twice thinner than ordinary one, but its property is quite good. l 這種新式絕緣薄膜的厚度只是普通薄膜的一半，但性能相當好。l The moon has a mass nearly one hundred times less than the earths.l 月球的質(zhì)量幾乎是地球的百分之一。部分否定句的漢譯l 含有“整體”或“多數(shù)”意義的總括詞 (all, every, both, always, many, often, altogether, entirely等)+ not 構(gòu)成部分否定l I dont know all

13、 of the meters.l 這些儀表，我并非全都熟悉。l In a thermal power plant, all the chemical energy of the coal is not converted into electric power.l 在熱電站中，煤中的化學能并非全都能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。l 總括詞+肯定式謂語+含否定意義的單詞表示全部否定l All germs are invisible to the naked eye.l 所有細菌肉眼都看不見。定語從句的漢譯：l Newton whose name is well-know in the world establis

14、hed three laws of motion. l 世界聞名的牛頓創(chuàng)立了運動三大定律。l A fuel is such a material as will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.l 燃料是種在適當溫度下能燃燒并放出熱量的物質(zhì)。l Air moves from places where the pressure is high to places where the pressure is low. l 空氣從壓力高的地方流向壓力高的地方。l One of the compelling reasons why t

15、he electric furnace is presently attracting much attention as a method for steel-making derives from this fact. l 現(xiàn)在電爐作為一種煉鋼方法，其引人注目的原因之一，就是基于這個事實。l The ability of a surface to radiate energy is governed by the material of which the surface is composed and its physical condition.l 物體表面輻射能量的能力取決于構(gòu)成該表

16、面的材質(zhì)與其物理狀態(tài)。l Fig. 1 incorporates many of the factors which must be considered in developing a satisfactory system.l 圖1所示的許多因素，在研制性能良好的系統(tǒng)時必須予以考慮。l The chemical properties of a certain element which depend on the arrangement of these electrons, particular the outer, are the same.l 元素的化學性質(zhì)取決于電子（尤其是外層電子

17、）的排列方式，在這一點上各元素是一樣的。l Corrosion is an electro-chemical process by which a metal, such as mild steel, returns to its natural state, such as iron oxide or rust. l 腐蝕是一種電化學過程，在這一過程中向低碳鋼一類的金屬，會因此而回復(fù)到其自然狀態(tài)，如氧化鐵或鐵銹狀態(tài)。l In most parts of the sea, there are millions of tiny living things that can be hardly s

18、een with our eyes. l 在大部分海域里，生存著無數(shù)的微生物，用肉眼是看不到的。l A transformer is a piece of electrical distribution equipment, by means of which it is possible to change the voltage.l 變壓器是一種電力分配設(shè)備，用它可以改變電壓。l Einstein, who worked out the famous theory of Relativity, won the Nobel Prize in 1921.l 由于愛因斯坦提出了著名的“相對論”理

19、論，因此它于1921年獲得了諾貝爾獎。l Matter has certain features or properties that enable us to recognize it easily. l 物質(zhì)具有一定的特征，因此我們能很容易的識別它。 More examplesl The way in which the parts of a machine are interconnected and guided to produce a required output motion from a given input motion is known as the mechanism

20、 of the machine. l 為了從一定的輸入運動產(chǎn)生所需輸出運動，人們把機器的各個零件以某種方式相互連接和導(dǎo)向，這種方式稱為機器的機構(gòu)。l An amendment is a design change of a minor nature introduced after production manufacture which does not affect any of the items listed hereunderinterchangeability, safety and performance.l “修正”是一種次要的設(shè)計更改，這種更改是在生產(chǎn)制造后實施的，并不影響下

21、面所列的任何項目：產(chǎn)品的互換性、安全性和性能。 Translation of scientific report科技報道的翻譯l 科技報道：包括簡訊、科技評論、會議消息、人物介紹、新產(chǎn)品專欄、書評等l 科技報道：標題 + 正文l Airlines studies Jet Fuel Contamination. 航空公司正研究噴氣燃料受污染問題。l Underground Test in U.S. 美國進行了一次地下核試驗l French optimistic about adoption of digital TV standard 法國對采取數(shù)字式電視標準表示樂觀l 標題特點：簡明、新奇，突

22、出內(nèi)容科技論文摘要的翻譯l 科技論文：科學技術(shù)報告、學術(shù)論文l 科技論文結(jié)構(gòu)： 標題+摘要+引言+正文+結(jié)論+文獻+致謝l 科技論文摘要類型：§ 報道性/信息性文摘：論文的內(nèi)容要點§ 指示性文摘：論文的特點和信息§ 混合性文摘：§ 評論性文摘：評價作用、意義、影響l 報道性文摘：科研的目的+方法+結(jié)果+結(jié)論+附帶結(jié)果+其他情報l 編寫順序：（1）目的方法結(jié)果結(jié)論 l （2）結(jié)果結(jié)論方法l 科技論文標題：簡短精練、突出主題l 英文論文標題：通常由介詞短語與名詞詞組構(gòu)成，字母通常大寫l E.g.l 譜系學：話語哲學范式轉(zhuǎn)換述評 Genealogy Revie

23、w of Paradigm Changes of Discourse Philosophyl 符號學視野中的網(wǎng)絡(luò)互動 Semiotic Perspective on Cyberspace Interactionl 鋁及鋁合金正反向及壓力比較 Comparison between Direct and Indirect Extrusion Forces of Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy l 摘要 本文通過對“熱寂說”產(chǎn)生的歷史過程進行考察，闡述了“熱寂”提出后在科學上和哲學上所引發(fā)的主要爭論及其意義，并指出，大爆炸宇宙論雖然宣告了熱寂說的終結(jié)，但并不能避免宇宙未來

24、在另一種意義上的“熱寂”?！盁峒拧钡奈C仍然存在，“熱寂說”并未真正終結(jié)。 關(guān)鍵詞 熱寂說 宇宙 大爆炸理論l Abstract The paper, with a historical survey of the advent of the Heat Death Theory, discusses the major disputes over the Heat Death Theory both in the fields of science and philosophy and points out that though Big Bang theory eventually pron

25、ounced the death of the classical Heat Death Theory, it nevertheless can not claim for sure that the whole universe will not suffer Heat Death or Cold Death in another sense. The Heat Death crisis still looms large ahead. The Heat Death Theory has by no means really died out. Key words the Heat Deat

26、h Theory the whole universe Big Bang theory l 摘要 車身設(shè)計在汽車設(shè)計中，占有及其重要的作用。本文根據(jù)現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法的要求，在與傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計相比較的基礎(chǔ)上，對客車車身造型設(shè)計、零部件有限元分析、內(nèi)飾設(shè)計、色彩設(shè)計及其一體化設(shè)計方法進行了研究，增加了各設(shè)計階段之間的相關(guān)性以達到協(xié)同設(shè)計的目的。 關(guān)鍵詞 客車車身設(shè)計 有限元分析 內(nèi)飾設(shè)計 色彩設(shè)計l Abstract The body design is of great importance in bus design. On the basis of comparing traditional and

27、modern design methods, the authors of this paper illustrate the research they have made on the integrated design method of body modeling, finite element analysis of parts, interior ornament and color design which satisfies the requirements of the modern design method. This research helps to increase

28、s the relativity of different design phases for the realization of good cooperative design. Key words modeling of bus body finite element analysis interior ornament color design l 摘要 將定性和模糊性評價合理地轉(zhuǎn)化為定量評價，進而選擇最優(yōu)設(shè)計解，是產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新設(shè)計過程中重要的一步。論文運用模糊綜合評判與比較的方法，以Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0 為軟件平臺，建立了一個計算機輔助的設(shè)計方案擇優(yōu)系統(tǒng)。

29、該系統(tǒng)提供了對產(chǎn)品設(shè)計方案進行定量評價和擇優(yōu)，以及對擇優(yōu)結(jié)果存檔、調(diào)用和打印等功能。 關(guān)鍵詞 產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新設(shè)計 方案擇優(yōu) 模糊綜合評判l(wèi) Abstract It is a very important procedure of product design to transform rationally fuzzy and qualitative evaluation into quantitative evaluation for optimum solution. This paper introduces a computer-aided selection system for optim

30、um solution to product design. The system is established on the platform of Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0 with the method of fuzzy comprehensive judgment and comparison. It has the functions of quantitative evaluation, selection of the optimum design solution, filing, consulting and printing of the opt

31、imized results. Key words innovative product design selection of optimum solution fuzzy comprehensive judgment 科技文體漢譯英原則l 科技英語專業(yè)術(shù)語性強，漢譯英時強調(diào)術(shù)語翻譯的準確性l 科技英語大量使用抽象名詞和介詞，漢譯英時注意動態(tài)語言和靜態(tài)語言的轉(zhuǎn)換l 科技英語時態(tài)變化不明顯，漢譯英時多采用一般現(xiàn)在時l 科技英語陳述語氣較多，漢譯英時多采用陳述語氣l 科技英語被動語態(tài)和非人稱句使用較多，漢譯英時應(yīng)進行必要轉(zhuǎn)換l 科技英語銜接性強，漢譯英時應(yīng)注意增添必要的銜接手段以保證語義連貫l

32、中國已成功地發(fā)射了第一顆試驗通訊衛(wèi)星。這顆衛(wèi)星是由三級火箭推動的，一直運轉(zhuǎn)正常。它標志著我國在發(fā)展運載工具和電子技術(shù)方面進入了一個新階段。l The successful launching of Chinas first experimental communication satellite, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since, indicates that our nation has entered a new stage in the development

33、 of carrier rockets and electronics.l 炒鋼的原料是生鐵。把生鐵加熱到液態(tài)或半液態(tài)，靠鼓風或撒入精礦粉，使硅、錳、碳氧化，讓碳量降低到鋼的成分范圍。炒鋼多是一種低碳鋼；控制得好，也有中碳鋼、高碳鋼；有時也得到熟鋼。l The raw material of puddling steel is cast iron, which is first heated to a liquid or semi-liquid state. The silicon, manganese and carbon are then oxidized by wind blowers

34、or the addition of fine ore powder so that the carbon content is lowered to within the limits of steel composition. Pudduling steel is mostly low-carbon steel. When the process is well controlled it could also be medium-carbon or high-carbon steel, or it might be wrought iron. l 到了清代康熙年間，我國大規(guī)模地開展全國性

35、地圖測量工作，繪制皇輿全圖的時候，吸取了歐洲制圖理論中考慮大地是球面的優(yōu)點，進行經(jīng)緯度測量，并且采用了地圖投影方法。但是我國傳統(tǒng)的制圖理論，講求比例尺寸、方位和距離的準確，仍然是測繪地圖所必須遵守的重要原則。l During the reign of the Emperor Kang Xi (1662 -1722) in the Qing Dynasty, a complete geographical survey of the empire was carried out in preparing Huang Yu Quan Tu (Complete Atlas of the Imperi

36、al Domain). The European method of regarding the earths surface as a sphere was adopted. Latitude and longitude surveys were done and the projection method was used in drawing the map. Nevertheless, the traditional Chinese rules of map-making accurate proportion, correct orientation and precise distance were closely adhered to by cartographers of those days. Exercises in class:l Wheel A turns as fast again as wheel B.l The input is again as great as the output.l Being wet increases the flow of heat from the bo