英語國家概況[2]課件

1、英語國家概況2A Survey of Major English-Speaking Countries英語國家概況2 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland英語國家概況2Chapter 1 Land and PeopleKey words: the Union Jack, the British Isles, Great Britain, dependent territory, Highlands, Lowlands, North Atlantic Drift, Mayday, Anglo-Saxons, Old En

2、glish, Middle English, Received Standard English 英語國家概況2 1. Different names (1) the British Isles 大布列顛群島 It is a group of islands off the northwestern coast of Europe, which consists of two main islands: Great Britain, Ireland and numerous smaller islands. Of all the islands, the largest one is call

3、ed Great Britain. The second largest one is Ireland, which is to the west of Great Britain. Thus, British Isles dont refer to Great Britain only. 英語國家概況2(2) Britain It is the short form for Great Britain. Officially, it should be the Great Britain, which comprises England, Wales, and Scotland. (3) E

4、ngland As for the great importance of England in the U.K. , people often use the word “England” when they mean the country. Many foreigners are often confused, so they follow suit. However, the people in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland do not like it.英語國家概況2(4) British Empire of the worlds land

5、 area and population英語國家概況2 (5) British Commonwealthworldwide association of nations and their dependencies, whose members share a common commitment to promoting human rights, democracy, and economic developmentAll members accept the British monarch as the symbolic head of the CommonwealthAlmost all

6、 members of the Commonwealth were once ruled by Britain as part of the British Empire. (6) Official name: the U.K. = the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland英語國家概況22. Position Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast

7、of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英語國家概況23. National flag :the Union JackRed cross: EnglandWhite saltire(X形十字): ScotlandRed saltire: Northern Ireland英語國家概況24. National Anthem:God Save the Queen God save our gracious

8、Queen,Long live our noble Queen,God save our Queen!Send her victorious, Happy and glorious,Long to reign over us, God save our Queen!英語國家概況2Part I Topography1. Square measure: 224,110 square kilometers2. Constituents: England (London) Great Britain(90%) Scotland (Edinburgh) two main islands of Wales

9、 (Cardiff) the British Isles UK Northern Ireland (Belfast) Orkney islands minor islands Shetland islands Hebrides英語國家概況2Topography英語國家概況2 Geographic Divisions :Great BritainHighland Zone (north) Highlands of Scotland Central lowlands of Scotland Southern Uplands the Pennies the Lake District of Camb

10、riaLowland zone (south)Midlands of EnglandPlain Of LancastriaNorth Eastern Lowlands英語國家概況2 (1) Highlands of Scotland: Tartan, bagpipe, whisky Highland ZoneTartan is a pattern, commonly called plaid (格子花呢), that consists of stripes of varying widths and colors, crossing at right angles against a soli

11、d background. Bagpipe is a musical instrument played especially in Scotland in which air stored in a bag is forced out through pipes to produce the sound.A strong alcoholic drink made in Scotland from grain such as barley.英語國家概況2 chains of great mountains in north hilly, barren, least populated high

12、est mountain: Ben Nevis（1,343ms）Features:Ben NevisSummit of Ben NevisScottish Highlands英語國家概況2(2) Central lowlands Most important part of Scotland Most populated (3/4) Edinburgh: known as the Athens of the North, a tribute to its world-renowned architecture and cultural calendar. Edinburgh, Scotland

13、Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland and its second largest city. The view here is of the city with the hills south of an estuary （港灣）.英語國家概況2(3) Southern Uplands: mostly moorland and woodland(4) The Pennines: “backbone of England”(5) The Lake District of Cambria Lake Poets in 19th centuryWilliam Wo

14、rdsworth, Robert Southy,Samuel Taylor ColeridgeTypical Pennine sceneryPennines or Pennine Chain, mountain range, sometimes called the “backbone of England,” The range is sparsely populated. Sheep raising, quarrying, and tourism are important economic activities 英語國家概況2Lowland Zone The Midlands of En

15、gland: southern end of the Pennines; most developed and populated Plain of Lancastria: western side of the Pennines North Eastern Lowlands: eastern side of the PenninesLowland BeltPlain of LancastriaNorth Eastern Lowlands英語國家概況2Northern Ireland rugged mountains huge plateau Lake Lough Neagh (largest

16、 freshwater lake)Mountains of Northern IrelandA great fishing lake英語國家概況2Rivers in Great Britain second longest river: Thames (332 km) longest river: River Severn(355 km)英語國家概況2Part II Climate(1) The UK enjoys a mild climate due to the North Atlantic Drift, which is a continuation of a warm current

17、that flows from the Straits of Florida in a generally northeastern direction.(2) It has a changeable weather. It is hard to predict the weather even by the most experienced meteorologist, so weather becomes a frequent topic of discussion among people.(3) It has abundant rainfall, mostly drizzles.1.

18、General Features:英語國家概況2 May Day has been a traditional day of festivities throughout the centuries, which has many rites and celebrations include Morris dancing, crowning a May Queen, celebrating Green Man day and dancing around a Maypole. It has nothing to do with labor, this day sees people going

19、 out from their homes to pick Mayflowers for decoration of their homes and enjoy themselves by dancing around May poles in daytime and bonfires(篝火) at night.2. Seasons:(1) Spring Time span: March, April, May Festival: Mayday英語國家概況2Maypole startMaypole dancing in a schoolMaypole finished英語國家概況2 Seaso

20、n of ripening and harvest Days are fine, warm and refreshing.(2) Summer Time span: June, July, August Temperature: not very high, around 20C, below 32 C Days are long , more than 16 hours (4 a.m.-8 p.m.).Time span: December, January, February. Temperature: seldom below 3C(3) Autumn(4) Winter英語國家概況2P

21、art III Natural Resources It has rich energy resources such as coal, oil and gas.(2) England is the 8th largest producer of crude oil and natural gas liquid in the world at present.(3) It is also self-sufficient in non-metallic minerals like sand, gravel(沙礫), chalk(白堊), salt, limestone, etc.英語國家概況2P

22、art IV People Population: 60 million(2) Distribution: 80% in England 20% in Scotland (5 million) Wales (around 3million） Northern Ireland (close to 1.7 million)(3) Origins: Anglo-Saxons the Celtic permanent residents immigrants 英語國家概況2a. Anglo-Saxons: It refers to the three groups of Germanic people

23、 from Europe who went to England between the 5th and the 7th centuries: the Angles, Saxons, and the Jutes. These people tend to be tall, have blond hair and blue eyes. Their language became the official language of the country.英語國家概況2b. the Celtic People: the earliest known inhabitants of Great Brit

24、ain.c. Permanent residents: a number of Italians, Greeks, Australians, and New Zealanders who have settled in the country.d. immigrants: lots of them are from Africa and Asia, they tend to live in relatively compact communities in big cities of England like London, Manchester, West Yorkshire, etc. 英

25、語國家概況2(4) Characteristics:a. conservatism: an acceptance of familiar things and an inclination to be suspicious of anything that is strange or foreign. e.g. In politics, the monarchy and the Upper House have been retained. In daily life, many rooms in England are heated by gas or electric fire, but

26、their owners still spend money keeping dummy fireplaces which are of no use value. b. deference: English society used to be rigidly stratified and status-conscious. Everyone was told to be deferential towards those who were superior to him in wealth, status and power.英語國家概況2c. reservation: English p

27、eople hate small talk and express their mind freely. e.g. Ones employment, marriage, family, income and many other things concerning private life are not topics for casual talk. Its a point of honor with English people to behave well. Gossips behind the back of others are considered as a sign of low

28、-breeding and back-biters are unpopular.英語國家概況2Part V The English Language Official language: English, which means the language of the Angles, one of the three groups which went to England between the 5th century and the 7th century.(2) English has changed a lot. Its development can be divided into

29、3 periods: Old English, Middle English, and Modern English.英語國家概況2Features: a) an inflected language.b) strong and weak forms of verbs.c) nouns and adjectives had cases and genders.d) word order was not very important in the meaning of the sentences.e) a number of Latin and Danish words came into th

30、e vocabulary.Definition: it refers to the language used in England until the Normans invaded England in 1066. Old English 古英語古英語英語國家概況2Features: a) The animals have different names for their meat. e.g. pork-pig, mutton-sheep, beef-cattle (the former ones are often used by the French-speaking masters, the latter ones are often used by the English lower class people.)b) Many French words came into the English vocabulary.c) The forms of the nouns and adjectives also became simpler.d) Word order became important in understanding sentences.Middle English 中