高中教師版任務(wù)型閱讀講解加練習(xí)真題Word版

1、任務(wù)型閱讀講解目的：考查考生對(duì)文中有效信息進(jìn)行篩選、整合和綜合概括能力。 1 信息篩選題 信息篩選題是基礎(chǔ)題目，一般可以直接通過(guò)將表格和短文進(jìn)行對(duì)照，邊讀文章邊找出與試題相關(guān)的句子信息，獲取到相關(guān)單詞，有時(shí)試題和原文句型句式不同，需進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的邏輯推理然后找到相應(yīng)單詞，不需變化，直接填入。 2 整合轉(zhuǎn)換題。 整合轉(zhuǎn)換題是典型的二次加工題型，需要考生有基本的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，對(duì)句子成分和詞性的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系要明確。做題時(shí)，不但要找到與試題相關(guān)的句子信息，還要根據(jù)詞法和句法知識(shí)以及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行加工，從而提煉出新詞?？杉?xì)分為如下兩種情況： （1） 詞形整合轉(zhuǎn)換。被考查單詞在原文和試題中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞植煌?/p>

2、因而需在名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等之間進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。 （2） 句型整合轉(zhuǎn)換。試題中的被考查單詞在原文中找不到同根詞，無(wú)法獲取單詞進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，需根據(jù)原文中相應(yīng)句子的意義和上下文邏輯聯(lián)系進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 表格內(nèi)詞性、大小寫(xiě)和語(yǔ)法運(yùn)用上要保持一致。同一單元格要注意在用詞方面保持一致的格式。 善用同義詞和反義詞進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。 正確使用構(gòu)詞法。 熟練運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 3 綜合概括題。 綜合概括題要求考生對(duì)全文或段落進(jìn)行總體語(yǔ)篇把握，通過(guò)觀察表格的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)，從而歸納和概括出所考查的單詞。此類設(shè)題一般位于表格的第一行或第一列。為了更快捷地掌握概括能力，總結(jié)和熟記一些概括性詞匯及其固定搭配也是很有必要的。下面舉一些基本

3、的概括性詞匯： 總結(jié)、概括：conclusion, summary 建議：suggestion, tip, advice, proposal, recommendation 影響：effect, influence, impact 印象：impression 因果：reason, cause; result, consequence 1 審題思路 2 （1）一審表格結(jié)構(gòu)。注意文章內(nèi)容脈絡(luò)，標(biāo)題和所需的表達(dá)類型。 （2）二審短文意義。注意文章的段落和表格的匹性。 （3）三審語(yǔ)法運(yùn)用。注意涉及到的構(gòu)詞法和語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。 2詞性與句子成分的一致性關(guān)系 英語(yǔ)中的十大詞類均在句子中充當(dāng)成分，記住詞性與成分關(guān)

4、系： （1） 謂語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞（具備人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、情態(tài)的變化特 點(diǎn)）。記?。河⒄Z(yǔ)中任何完整的句子都離不開(kāi)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句子通常是錯(cuò)誤的。 （2） 主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式和從句。 （3） 表格和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非修飾性副詞、非謂語(yǔ)形式和從句。 （4） 定語(yǔ)：名詞及其所有格、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、非謂語(yǔ)形式和從句。 （5）狀語(yǔ)：副詞、形容詞、不定式、分詞和從句。 （6） 同位語(yǔ)：名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式和從句。 千萬(wàn)記住以上六條，另外切記： （1） “the+形容詞”可轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞表示一類人/物。 （2） 形容詞充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)只表示主語(yǔ)

5、特征和狀態(tài)，不修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用副詞。 He got home at last, tired and hungry. He was lying on the grass, relaxed. He sings happily. （3） 能接賓語(yǔ)的只有及物動(dòng)詞和介詞，構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓和介賓結(jié)構(gòu)。 （4）主、謂、賓、表、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是句子的基本成分，不可或缺；定、狀、同位語(yǔ)是修飾成分，缺少時(shí)基本句型依然成立。3.句型轉(zhuǎn)換形式例說(shuō) 整合轉(zhuǎn)換題需要在原文和表格設(shè)題句之間進(jìn)行同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換，英語(yǔ)中一種意思的同義和反義的表達(dá)往往有很多，或是單詞、短語(yǔ)、句型之間的轉(zhuǎn)換使用，或是詞法和句法上的轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)。需要平時(shí)進(jìn)行大

6、量的記憶積累和轉(zhuǎn)換訓(xùn)練。 （1） 單詞、短語(yǔ)、句型 導(dǎo)致：cause, lead to, contribute to, result in, bring about 表演：act, play, perform, give/ put a performance, play a part/ role in, show 成?。簊uccess, achievement, victory, triumph: failure, defeat 利弊：advantage; disadvantage 異同：difference, distinction; the same, similarity, equali

7、ty 優(yōu)點(diǎn)：advantage, strong point, strength, virtue 缺點(diǎn)：disadvantage, shortcoming, weakness, drawback 利益、好處：good, benefit, interest, profit, gain 錯(cuò)誤：mistake, error, fault 質(zhì)量、品質(zhì)：quantity, amount, number 數(shù)量：quantity, amount, number 目的：purpose, aim, goal, objective 方法：way, means, method, approach, solution,

8、 manner 措施：measure, action 行為、活動(dòng)：action, behavior, conduct, activity 步驟：step, stage, process, procedure 頻率、頻度：frequency, rate 程度：degree, level, extent 觀點(diǎn)、意見(jiàn)：opinion, view, point of view, viewpoint, standpoint 想法：idea, thought, thinking （無(wú)）意識(shí)：(un)awareness, (un)consciousness 原理、原則、規(guī)律：theory, principl

9、e, law 意義：significance, meaning, sense 價(jià)值：value 態(tài)度：attitude, manner 感覺(jué)：feeling, emotion, motivation 同意、正面：agreement, pros, approval, positive, favor, support 反對(duì)、反面：disagreement, cons, negative, opposite, contrary, opposition, objection 要求、需要：demand, need, requirement, request, desire, claim 問(wèn)題：quest

10、ion, problem, issue 答案：answer, key, solution, result 反應(yīng)：response, reaction 變化：change 比較：comparison, contrast 評(píng)價(jià)：feature, character, characteristic 特點(diǎn)：feature, character, characteristic 種類：kind, sort, type, style, form, category, variety, class, description 等級(jí)：grade, rank, degree, class 風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣：custom,

11、 manner, practice, habit 主題、話題：theme, subject, topic 標(biāo)題：title, headline, heading 作用、功能：use, usage, function 關(guān)系、聯(lián)系：relation, relationship, connection, touch, link, contact 來(lái)源、歷史：origin, history, source 事實(shí)、現(xiàn)實(shí)：fact, reality, actuality 規(guī)則、規(guī)定：rule, regulation 情況、狀況：things, status, situation, condition, c

12、ase, circumstance, state 說(shuō)明：explanation, statement, description, instruction, direction 介紹：introduction, presentation 定義：definition 描述性詞匯： length, height, width, depth, distance, weight, size, color, look, appearance, shape, rate, speed, age, sex, price 任務(wù)型閱讀經(jīng)典練習(xí)題一Intense physical exercise is not th

13、e only way to better health. Studies show that walking several times a week can lower the risk of many diseases. They include heart disease, stroke, diabetes, bone loss, arthritis, and depression. Walking also can help you lose weight.Fast walking is good for the heart. It lowers the blood pressure.

14、 It raises the amount of good cholesterol in the blood. Researchers say walking can sharply reduce the risk of suffering a heart attack.Studies have also shown that walking for 30 minutes a day can delay and possibly prevent the development of diabetes. People who are overweight have an especially h

15、igh risk to develop this disease.Walking strengthens the muscles and builds up the bones that they are attached to. Studies show that walking could decrease the risk of developing osteoporosis. Walking can also help ease the pain of arthritis in areas where bones are joined. This is because walking

16、strengthens the muscles around the bones.Experts say walking is one of the safest ways to exercise. There is a low risk of injuries. So it is good for people who are starting an exercise program for the first time and for older people.A walking program is easy to start. You should wear loose clothes

17、 and good shoes. There are shoes that are designed especially for lots of walking.How fast should you walk? For the best effect, doctors say you should walk fast enough to cause you to breathe hard. Yet you should still be able to talkLet your arms move freely while you walk.There are no rules to st

18、arting a walking program. You might walk short distances. Or you might walk up hills to strengthen your leg muscles. Health experts say you can gain the most from a walking program if you walk at about five kilometers an hour for 30 minutes a day. You should do this about five times a week.Walking t

19、o (71) _ fit(72) _ of walkingSuperiorities to other exercisesTips to walkersReducing the risk of a heart attack lowering the blood pressure raising good cholesterolBeing(75)_ than many other ways of exercise, especially for beginners or76) _Wear loose clothes and good shoesWalk fast enough to cause

20、you to breathe with (78) _ but still able to talkControlling the development of diabetes helping you (73) _ weightWalk with your arms (79) _ freelyDecreasing the risk of osteoporosis and arthritis strengthening the muscles (74) _ up the boneseing easy to start (77) _ rulesWalk at a (80) _ of about 5

21、 kilometers an hour for 30 minutes a day and 5 times a weekLowering the risk of other diseases, such as stroke, depression and etc二Environmental protection was stressed in Kanas, a growing tourist destination in Northwest Chinas Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, which is famous for its attractive sc

22、enery and its “l(fā)ake monster”.“All of the hotels and restaurants will withdraw from the scenic site to 30 kilometers away,” said Jin Liquan, an official of the Kanas Environment and Tourism Bureau.The activity aims to protect the environment of Kanas. Meanwhile, construction of environment facilities

23、 including sewage (污水) and rubbish treatment plants will be completed soon.According to Mao Dacheng, chief of Altay Prefecture where Kanas is located, the government has invested 1 billion yuan on environment facilities. “Education for tourist is also important,” he said. An education center is bein

24、g created to provide information on how to protect the environment in Kanas. But he said that the government would not interfere with the lives of traditional residents in Kanas.It is expected that Kanas will receive more than 500,000 tourists this year, 4,000 more than last year.“However, there are

25、 still few overseas visitors,” he said. Statistics showed that only two percent of the total number of tourists are foreigners. “This is partly because the transportation facilities are still not convenient enough,” Mao said. Currently, there is only one highway connecting Kanas,“Upon request from t

26、ourists, construction of an airport will start this month and will be completed by the end of next year,” the official said.A railway line connecting Kuitun and Altay will also be open to traffic in 2008 to make it possible travel to Kanas by train, which will probably bring in more tourists.Title:

27、Growing tourist 71._ - Kanas72._Altay Prefecture, Northwest Chinas Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionFeaturesAttractive 73._, and “l(fā)ake monster”74._75._ hotels and restaurants from the scenic sitesconstructing environment 76._ including sewage and rubbish treatment plants creating an education center

28、not interfering with the lives of traditional residents 77._to protect the environment to develop tourism78._conditionsThe number of tourists is increasing, but foreign visitors are fewReason Inconvenient 79._Solution to 80._ an airportto open a railway line connecting Kuitun and Altay三Carla walked

29、45 minutes a day, every day, as part of her exercise regime. After two years of walking she began to notice her right foot hurt and she was always adjusting her laces (帶子). A visit to the family doctor resulted in her going to the last place she thought hed send her: a shoe store. Her solution was s

30、imple: new sneakers, fitted by a professional. Many people suffer for years without realizing their pain is caused by improperly fitted shoes and thats why its important consumers be aware of how to choose footwear. Here are some tips to keep your feet happy and pain free. Have your feet measured be

31、fore you make a shoe purchase. Make sure you measure both feet, since most of us have one foot larger than the other. Always purchase shoes to fit the largest foot. Try both shoes on and walk in them before you buy. Sizes vary, as do styles and shoe shapes. A size 8 in one brand might fit perfectly,

32、 while a 7- and-half in another is too loose in the heel. Your feet swell during the day, so make sure you only shop for shoes in the evening. There should be a three-eighths to 5 inch space between your longest toe and the end of the shoe. The ball of your foot should fit comfortably into the wides

33、t part of the shoe. Before buying shoes of any kind ensure that the heel fits well and there is no slippage. Look for shoes that are similar in shape to your feet. Some brands and styles are narrower than others, or have a narrow heel. High heels can cause not only foot pain, but posture problems an

34、d back pain, as well. For these reasons women should avoid high heels. If you must wear them, never go over 2- and-a-half inches in heel height. Always buy shoes that fit now. Shoes do not stretch and there is no such thing as “breaking them in”. Wear the same type of socks or nylons you will be wea

35、ring with the shoe. If youre purchasing sneakers, wear athletic socks. For high heels, wear nylons during the fitting session.Make sure the shoes (71) _ your feetsituationadviceNeither this shoe (72) _ that one fits you.Make sure you measure both feet and purchase shoes to fit the (73) _ foot. Somet

36、hing about shapes and stylesTry not only the right shoe but also the (74) _ one and dont buy them if you dont walk in them.Feet swell. Make sure you only shop for shoes in the (75) _.(76) _ between your longest toe and the end of the shoeThere should be a three-eighths to 5 inch.The ball goes wrong

37、with your feet and the heel is too (77) _.The ball of your foot should fit comfortably into the widest part of the shoe. Ensure that the heel fits well and there is no slippage. Women should (78) _ high heels. Some brands and styles are narrower than others, or have a narrow heel. look for the shoes

38、 that have the similar (79) _ to your feet. The socks dont fit the sneakers.Remember to wear (80) _ socks with the sneakers.四Do you often see silly words or drawings scratched onto the desks in your classroom? Have you ever found chewing gum on the floor of your classroom or around the campus? How m

39、any times have you seen broken windows in the classroom and school buildings? This is vandalism, the destruction or damaging of public property for no obvious reason.Vandalism in schools is becoming a growing problem, and it is costing us more than money. It is expensive to repair the desks, clear t

40、hem of chewing gum and repair school furniture. Moreover, it costs us our sense of self-respect and feeling of pride in our school. Many students see this damage and lose some pride in their school.How, then, can we prevent vandalism in schools? First of all, we need to make students realize the imp

41、ortance of taking care of public property. School property should be treated with care so that it can be used by all the students. Therefore, damaging school property means damaging the enjoyment of other students. If we can explain this to people, then they will be less likely to damage school prop

42、erty when they know that it will only hurt themselves.Secondly, we should learn to obey school rules and regulations. These rules and regulations are there to look after both the students and the schools. Whenever we see any acts of vandalism, we need to remind the people of the rules and try to pre

43、vent these acts from happening. If it is serious vandalism, we need to report it to the teacher.Thirdly, anyone who vandalizes school property should receive some kind of punishment. For example, if someone has torn a page from a library book, he or she would have to carefully tape the page back int

44、o the book. If someone writes or draws on a desk, he or she should stay behind school and clean the desks in the classroom. Such punishment is not harsh, but can make them know their misbehavior.Vandalism costs schools money that could be better spent educating students, and it harms students pride

45、in their school as well. If we educate people about vandalism and work to prevent it from happening , then we will begin to see cleaner schools and happier students.Vandalism, a growing problem in schoolsThe meaning of vandalismIt means the public property in schools is 7 1 or damaged.Some ugly 72 y

46、ou can see in schools because of vandalism1.with words and drawings scratched on the desks2.with chewing gum found here and there3.with windows broken in many buildingsThe 73 of vandalism1.becoming a growing social problem2.being 74 to repair the desks and so on3. not feeling 75 of schoolsThe 76 to

47、the problem1.to make students 77 of the importance of taking care of public property2.to have school rules and regulations 783.to make students 79 for their bad behaviorConclusionCleaner schools and happier students will appear if people receive more 80 _and work together to prevent vandalism from h

48、appening.五Educating girls quite possibly harvests a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women's education may be an unusual field for economists(經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家), but increasing women's contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a socia

49、l issue. And economics, with its focus on incentives(鼓勵(lì)), provides an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of(剝奪)an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only

50、 to marry into somebody else's family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school the prophecy (預(yù)言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle (惡性循環(huán)) of neglect.An educated mother,

51、 on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daugh

52、ters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.Few will argue that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most

53、obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a signif

54、icant impact on health practices, including family planning.Topic: The significance of female (71) _ in developing countriesViewpointEducating girls is more beneficial than any other (72) _.FamiliesFrom low-income familiesFrom educated mothers' familiesAttitudesGirls are of _(73) value than boys

55、.Development should be for all (74)_.PracticesThere is not (75) _Girls and boys have (77) _ chances.investment in daughters. Girls are made to stay at home, (76)_housework.ConsequencesA vicious circleA virtuous circleSignificanceEducating girls (78) _ to social benefits, (79)_ advantages and health

56、practices, including family planning.(80)_Educating girls in developing countries is important and rewarding.答案：一 71keep 72Effects / Advantages/Benefits 73lose 74. building 75safer 76elders77without 78difficulty 79moving 80speed/rate二71 destination 72. Location 73. scenery 74. Measures 75. withdrawing 76. facilities 77. Purposes 78. Present 79. transportation 80. construct 三71. fit 72. nor 73. largest 74. left 75. evening. 76. Spa