人教版選修6第1單元課文翻譯講解(共27頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上陳才英語(yǔ)教育及輔導(dǎo)中心2015年人教版高中2年級(jí)選修6第1單元課文語(yǔ)法講解【人教版高中2年級(jí)選修6第1單元練習(xí)】【Unit 1 art 第一單元 藝術(shù)】【Famous artists and works of art】【A brief history of Western painting and Chinese art】主講老師：陳老師 輔導(dǎo)學(xué)生： 【日期：2015年1月14日】【QQ 】選修6 Unit 1 Art-Reading【選修6，第1單元，藝術(shù)；閱讀】A brief history of Western painting and Chinese art【

2、西方繪畫(huà)與中國(guó)藝術(shù)的簡(jiǎn)史】Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important

3、 ones, starting from the sixth century AD. 【AD=anno Domini公元】【BC=before Christ 公元前】 【influence=名詞/動(dòng)詞】【influential=形容詞】-【influentially=副詞】 【custom=名詞 習(xí)慣，慣例;風(fēng)俗;習(xí)俗:光顧;惠顧;顧客;海關(guān)，關(guān)稅】【customary=習(xí)慣的；通常的；照慣例的】【customize=定制;定做;改制】【customer=顧客;主顧;客戶】【customs關(guān)稅；海關(guān)；習(xí)慣( custom的名詞復(fù)數(shù))；海關(guān)】【customs house=海關(guān)】 【faith=名

4、詞】【faithful=形容詞】【faithfully=副詞】 【different=形容詞】【difference=名詞】【differently=副詞】 It is impossible to do something【做某事情是不可能的】 In such a short text【用如此短的一篇課文】 【consequence=名詞】【consequent=形容詞】【consequently=副詞】 【describe=動(dòng)詞】【description=名詞】【descriptive=形容詞】 the most important ones 【最重要的幾個(gè)】 start from 【從開(kāi)始

5、；出發(fā)；出于】中文翻譯：人們的習(xí)俗和信仰影響了藝術(shù)，西方的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格發(fā)生了很多次變化，由于西方藝術(shù)存在有很多種不同風(fēng)格，因此僅憑如此短的一篇客人是不可能把它們作很全面的描述。所以，這篇課文僅描述了從公元第6世紀(jì)開(kāi)始的幾種最重要的風(fēng)格重要語(yǔ)法知識(shí)要點(diǎn)高頻率核心單詞：influence 【1】influence【動(dòng)詞：影響;左右;支配】動(dòng)詞使用有以下幾種搭配結(jié)構(gòu) B influence(s) A 【B影響了A】【主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)翻譯】The customs and faith of a people influence art.人們的習(xí)俗和信仰影響了藝術(shù)A is influenced by B 【A被B影響

6、】【被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)翻譯】Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people.人們的習(xí)俗和信仰影響了藝術(shù) 主語(yǔ)+influence(s) somebody to do something 【影響某人做某事】My dad influenced me to do electronics. 我學(xué)電子是受爸爸的影響【2】influence【名詞：勢(shì)力;權(quán)勢(shì);影響力;支配力】名詞使用有以下幾種搭配結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+ have influence over somebody【主語(yǔ)對(duì)某人有影響力】I have rather a large influence ove

7、r a good many people.我對(duì)很多人都有相當(dāng)大的影響力。主語(yǔ)+ exert influence over somebody【主語(yǔ)對(duì)某人施加壓力】He denies exerting any political influence over them.他否認(rèn)對(duì)他們施加了任何政治壓力。主語(yǔ)+ influence on somebody【主語(yǔ)對(duì)某人有影響力】Many other medications have an influence on cholesterol levels. 許多其他的藥物治療對(duì)膽固醇水平都有一定的影響。under the influence of someb

8、ody/sth【在某人和某事情影響之下】I fell under the influence of a history master.我當(dāng)時(shí)深受一位歷史老師的影響。The very earliest sculptures were made under the influence of Greek art最早的雕塑作品受到了希臘藝術(shù)的影響。He was arrested on suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol. 他因涉嫌酒后駕駛被捕。under the influence 【喝醉;(吸食毒品后)處于迷幻狀態(tài)】Police c

9、harged the man with driving under the influence.警方指控那名男子酒后駕車(chē)。We find members of the opposite sex more attractive when under the influence. 我們喝醉時(shí)感到異性更具吸引力?！久~：勢(shì)力;權(quán)勢(shì);影響力;支配力】【結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + a/an +形容詞+influence over sb】【對(duì)某人有影響力】【結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + a/an +形容詞+influence on sb】【對(duì)某人有影響力】As Hugh grew older, she ha

10、d less influence and couldnt control him.休慢慢長(zhǎng)大,她的影響力變小了,無(wú)法再控制他了。I have rather a large influence over a good many people.我對(duì)很多人都有相當(dāng)大的影響力。He denies exerting any political influence over them.他否認(rèn)對(duì)他們施加了任何政治壓力。The government should continue to use its influence for the release of all hostages. 政府應(yīng)繼續(xù)運(yùn)用其影響力

11、來(lái)解救所有人質(zhì)Van Gogh had a major influence on the development of modern painting.凡高對(duì)現(xiàn)代繪畫(huà)的發(fā)展有著重大影響。The Shropshire landscape was an influence on Owen too.什羅普郡的風(fēng)景也對(duì)歐文產(chǎn)生了影響。Many other medications have an influence on cholesterol levels. 許多其他的藥物治療對(duì)膽固醇水平都有一定的影響。I thought Sue would be a good influence on you.我認(rèn)

12、為蘇能對(duì)你產(chǎn)生良好影響。TV is a bad influence on people. 電視會(huì)對(duì)人們產(chǎn)生不良影響?！緞?dòng)詞：影響;左右;支配】【結(jié)構(gòu) influence +名詞/代詞=影響某人/某事】【influence sb to do sth=影響某人做某事情】He is trying to improperly influence a witness.他在試圖誤導(dǎo)證人。The angry crowds could influence the government. 憤怒的群眾可以影響政府。My dad influenced me to do electronics. 我學(xué)電子是受爸爸的影

13、響。We became the best of friends and he influenced me deeply.我們成了最好的朋友,他深深地影響了我。What you eat may influence your risk of getting cancer.你吃的東西會(huì)影響你患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。They still influence whats played on the radio. 他們對(duì)電臺(tái)播放什么節(jié)目仍然會(huì)有影響?！緐nder the influence of someone or something=在影響之下;在控制之下】I fell under the influence

14、of a history master.我當(dāng)時(shí)深受一位歷史老師的影響。The very earliest sculptures were made under the influence of Greek art最早的雕塑作品受到了希臘藝術(shù)的影響。He was arrested on suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol. 他因涉嫌酒后駕駛被捕。【under the influence=喝醉;(吸食毒品后)處于迷幻狀態(tài)】Police charged the man with driving under the influence

15、.警方指控那名男子酒后駕車(chē)。We find members of the opposite sex more attractive when under the influence. 我們喝醉時(shí)感到異性更具吸引力?！?】形容詞: influential 【有影響力的;有權(quán)勢(shì)的】It helps to have influential friends. 有幾個(gè)位高權(quán)重的朋友很有好處。the influential position of president of the chamber.很有影響力的議院議長(zhǎng)之位He had been influential in shaping economic

16、 policy. 他在制定經(jīng)濟(jì)政策方面起到了影響。one of the most influential books ever written. 最有影響的書(shū)之一【4】副詞:influentially 【有影響地；有力地】affect, influence, impress這些動(dòng)詞均含“影響”之意。affect：作主語(yǔ)通常是物而不是人，指一物對(duì)另一物產(chǎn)生的消極影響。influence：側(cè)重在思想、性格、行為等方面所產(chǎn)生的潛移默化的影響，也可指自然力的影響。impress：強(qiáng)調(diào)影響既深刻又持久高頻率核心單詞：custom 風(fēng)俗;習(xí)俗The custom of lighting the Olymp

17、ic flame goes back centuries. 點(diǎn)燃奧林匹克圣火的習(xí)俗可以追溯到幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前。Chung has tried to adapt to local customs. 鐘努力去適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。個(gè)人習(xí)慣;習(xí)性;慣常行為It was his custom to approach every problem cautiously.他習(xí)慣謹(jǐn)慎地處理每一個(gè)問(wèn)題。As is the custom, police forensic experts carried out a painstaking search of the debris. 像往常一樣，警方的法醫(yī)專(zhuān)家對(duì)殘骸進(jìn)行了仔

18、細(xì)的查看。光顧;惠顧You have the right to withhold your custom if you so wish.如果你這么不想來(lái)，你可以不再光顧。Providing discounts is not the only way to win custom. 打折并不是招攬顧客的唯一途徑。定做的;量身設(shè)計(jì)的Her one-of-a-kind custom garments are priced from one hundred dollars to more than a thousand dollars. 在她這里定做一件款型獨(dú)一無(wú)二的衣服，價(jià)格從100美元到1,000美

19、元以上不等。habit, custom, manners, usage, practice, convention, tradition這些名詞均含有“習(xí)慣，風(fēng)俗，傳統(tǒng)”之意。habit： 側(cè)重于自然養(yǎng)成的，不易去掉的個(gè)人習(xí)慣。custom： 指一個(gè)國(guó)家、一個(gè)民族、一個(gè)地區(qū)或一個(gè)社會(huì)的習(xí)慣、行為方式或風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。也可指?jìng)€(gè)人的習(xí)慣。manners： 指在某一時(shí)期或某一團(tuán)體中盛行的社會(huì)禮儀或社會(huì)風(fēng)俗模式。usage： 指持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，為很多人公認(rèn)采納的慣例、習(xí)俗。practice： 常指習(xí)慣性的做法或行為。convention： 多指約定俗成的行為方式規(guī)則或公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，或指藝術(shù)上公認(rèn)的技巧。tradi

20、tion： 廣義指世代相傳的倫理、行為規(guī)范和生活方式，特指因長(zhǎng)久奉行而幾乎具有法律效力的習(xí)慣、習(xí)俗，側(cè)重歷史意義customize定制;定做;改制a control that allows photographers to customise the cameras basic settings. 使拍照者能夠自定義相機(jī)的基本設(shè)置的控制按鈕customized software. 定制軟件customs專(zhuān)有名詞海關(guān)(部門(mén)); 不可數(shù)名詞海關(guān)components similar to those seized by British customs. 與英國(guó)海關(guān)截獲的那些物品相似的部件custom

21、s officers. 海關(guān)官員;He walked through customs. 他步行通過(guò)海關(guān)。Customary習(xí)俗的;習(xí)慣的It is customary to offer a drink or a snack to guests.向客人提供一杯飲料或一份點(diǎn)心是一種習(xí)俗。At Christmas it was customary for the children to perform bits of poetry. 圣誕節(jié)孩子們總要唱一些圣誕頌歌。They interrupted the customary one minutes silence with jeers and sh

22、outs. 他們譏諷著，喊叫著，打破了慣常的那一分鐘沉默。特有的;獨(dú)特的;典型的The king carried himself with his customary elegance.國(guó)王保持著一貫的溫文爾雅。Yvonne took her customary seat behind her desk. 伊馮娜坐在桌子后面那個(gè)她常坐的位子上。usual, customary, habitual, conventional, regular這些形容詞均有“通常的，慣常的”之意。usual： 普通用詞，概念廣泛。指經(jīng)常發(fā)生或意料中的事，既可指自然發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象，也可指按個(gè)人習(xí)慣或慣例而做的事。cus

23、tomary： 指特定的個(gè)人或群體的平常習(xí)慣，或習(xí)俗性的行為。habitual： 指按個(gè)人習(xí)慣反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情。側(cè)重經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性。conventional： 語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，指遵守已成習(xí)慣的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)符合慣例，由人們普遍認(rèn)可。regular： 著重遵守約定俗成的規(guī)則高頻率核心單詞：faith 相信;信任She had placed a great deal of faith in Mr Penleigh.她對(duì)彭利先生極其信任。People have lost faith in the British Parliament. 人們已經(jīng)對(duì)英國(guó)議會(huì)失去了信任。宗教England shifted offici

24、ally from a Catholic to a Protestant faith in the 16th century. 英格蘭于 16 世紀(jì)正式由天主教改信新教。宗教信仰Umberto Ecos loss of his own religious faith is reflected in his novels. 翁貝托艾柯個(gè)人宗教信仰的喪失反映在了他的小說(shuō)里。背棄;對(duì)不忠;脫離【break faith with someone】If we dont, were breaking faith with our people! 如果我們不這樣，就是對(duì)我們的人民背信棄義真誠(chéng)地;真心實(shí)意地;

25、好意地【in good faith】This report was published in good faith but we regret any confusion which may have been caused. 我們發(fā)表這篇報(bào)道的初衷是好的，但對(duì)可能已造成的混亂深感歉意。信守(諾言);恪守【keep faith with someone】He has made one of the most powerful American films of the year by keeping faith with his radical principles. 他秉承自己一貫的激進(jìn)風(fēng)格

26、，制作出了本年度美國(guó)最有感染力的影片之一。belief, faith, confidence, conviction, credit, trust這些名詞都有“相信，信任”之意。belief： 普通用詞，指單純從主觀上的相信，不著重這種相信是否有根據(jù)。faith： 語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)完全相信；有時(shí)也能僅憑感覺(jué)產(chǎn)生的相信。confidence： 指對(duì)某人某事有充分信心，斷定不會(huì)使人失望，因而給予信任。conviction： 多指根據(jù)長(zhǎng)期交往或?qū)嵺`，對(duì)某人某事有了認(rèn)識(shí)和了解后產(chǎn)生的信心和相信，側(cè)重其堅(jiān)定性。credit： 語(yǔ)氣最弱，著重以聲譽(yù)為信任的基礎(chǔ)。trust： 強(qiáng)調(diào)相信、信任的完全可靠。Fai

27、thful忠實(shí)的;忠誠(chéng)的;忠貞不渝的She had been faithful to her promise to guard this secret. 她一直信守承諾，保守著這個(gè)秘密。Older Americans are among this countrys most faithful voters. 較年長(zhǎng)的美國(guó)人是這個(gè)國(guó)家最忠實(shí)的選民群體之一。(對(duì)丈夫、妻子或戀人)忠誠(chéng)的，忠貞的She insisted that she had remained faithful to her husband.她堅(jiān)持說(shuō)自己對(duì)丈夫一直是忠誠(chéng)的。Im very faithful when I love

28、someone. 我愛(ài)一個(gè)人是會(huì)非常忠貞的。復(fù)數(shù)名詞(宗教的)忠實(shí)信徒，虔誠(chéng)信徒The faithful revered him then as a prophet. 那時(shí)，信徒們尊他為先知。(敘述、翻譯或抄本)如實(shí)的，忠實(shí)原文的Colin Wellands screenplay is faithful to the novel. 科林韋蘭的電影劇本忠實(shí)于原小說(shuō)。faithful copies of household items used in the mid-1800s. 19世紀(jì)中期家庭用品的逼真仿制品(尤指值得信賴(lài)的)舊有物品，老牌產(chǎn)品We tested a selection of

29、vacuum cleaners, from old faithfuls to those with the latest features. 我們測(cè)試了各種真空吸塵器，從值得信賴(lài)的老牌子到有著最新特色的產(chǎn)品，不一而足。faithful, loyal, constant, true這些形容詞均含有“忠實(shí)的”之意。faithful： 多指對(duì)人對(duì)事或?qū)χZ言、誓言的始終不渝，側(cè)重在任何情況下都絕不改變。loyal： 一般指對(duì)祖國(guó)、領(lǐng)袖的忠誠(chéng)或?qū)κ聵I(yè)、原則、誓言的忠實(shí)，不動(dòng)搖。 constant： 側(cè)重指思想狀態(tài)的穩(wěn)定或信念的堅(jiān)定，也指愛(ài)情或感情等的忠貞不渝。true： 側(cè)重個(gè)人感情上的忠實(shí)和不動(dòng)搖。F

30、aithfully adv. 忠實(shí)地；誠(chéng)心誠(chéng)意地；如實(shí)地(用作正式信函或商業(yè)信函末尾署名前的套語(yǔ))您的忠實(shí)的1.to follow instructions faithfully 嚴(yán)格遵循指示 2. They swore an oath to carry out their duties faithfully. 他們宣誓忠實(shí)履行自己的職責(zé). 3. He has served the farm faithfully for 20 years. 他為這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)忠心耿耿地操勞了20年. 4. We took steps to ensure that rules should be faithfully

31、 carried. 我們采取了措施,以確保這些規(guī)章會(huì)不折不扣地得到貫徹. 5. His wife stuck faithfully to him through thick and thin. 他的妻子和他同甘共苦,對(duì)他堅(jiān)貞不渝.高頻率核心單詞：different【不同的；各式各樣的；個(gè)別的；不平?！坑胁顒e的;不同的London was different from most European capitals.倫敦同大多數(shù)歐洲國(guó)家的首都都有所不同。If hed attended music school, how might things have been different?.如果他上過(guò)

32、音樂(lè)學(xué)校，事情會(huì)有怎樣的不同呢？We have totally different views. 我們的觀點(diǎn)截然不同。分別的;個(gè)別的;各種的Different countries specialised in different products.不同國(guó)家專(zhuān)門(mén)生產(chǎn)不同的產(chǎn)品。The number of calories in different brands of drinks varies enormously. 不同牌子的飲料所含的卡路里數(shù)大不相同。不同尋常的;與眾不同的This recipe is certainly interesting and different. 這種烹飪法的確很

33、有意思而且與眾不同。different, various, diverse這些形容詞均含“不同的”之意。different： 普通用詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物間的區(qū)別或本質(zhì)的不同。有時(shí)側(cè)重對(duì)比，不著重差別。various： 通常強(qiáng)調(diào)種類(lèi)的數(shù)目。diverse： 語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，指性質(zhì)完全不同，著重顯著的區(qū)別。Difference差別;差異;不同之處That is the fundamental difference between the two societies.那是這兩個(gè)社會(huì)之間的根本性差異。There is no difference between the sexes. 男女之間沒(méi)有差別。.the va

34、st difference in size.大小的巨大差異We do have social problems here. The difference is the people know each other and try to help each other. 我們這里確實(shí)也存在社會(huì)問(wèn)題。所不同的是人們都互相認(rèn)識(shí)而且盡力互相幫助。差（量）；差額The difference is 8532. 差為 8,532。意見(jiàn)的）分歧，不和The two communities are learning how to resolve their differences. 這兩個(gè)社群正在學(xué)著如何解決彼

35、此之間的分歧。短語(yǔ)有影響;起作用【makes a difference or makes a lot of difference】Where you live can make such a difference to the way you feel.住在哪里會(huì)極大地影響你的感受。Exercise makes all the difference.鍛煉身體非常重要。His retirement wont make any difference to the way we conduct our affairs. 他的退休不會(huì)影響我們處理事情的方式。在數(shù)量、價(jià)格上）折中，各讓一步【split

36、the difference with someone】Shall we split the difference and say $7,500? 我們折中一下，7,500 美元怎么樣？短語(yǔ)非常有趣的;與眾不同的【with a difference】For a beach resort with a difference, try Key West. 如果想去一個(gè)與眾不同的海濱度假勝地，那就去基韋斯特吧。a politician with a difference. 不同尋常的政治家短語(yǔ)意見(jiàn)分歧;看法不同Was there a difference of opinion over what t

37、o do with the Nobel Prize money? 在如何利用那筆諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)金的問(wèn)題上有不同意見(jiàn)嗎？difference, distinction, discrepancy, discrimination這些名詞都有“差別，區(qū)別”之意。difference： 普通用詞，可指事物本質(zhì)上的差異或數(shù)量上的差額，也可指事物在某一方面的差別，還可指人們之間的不同意見(jiàn)。 distinction： 較正式用詞，除指事物在本質(zhì)上的差別外，還指在某一方面或某一細(xì)節(jié)上的區(qū)分，要在認(rèn)真觀察、研究后才易覺(jué)察。discrepancy： 多用于言論和記述方面，指兩物之間缺乏使之相似或平衡的協(xié)調(diào)。discrim

38、ination： 側(cè)重指在判斷、見(jiàn)識(shí)方面的差別，也可指待遇上的區(qū)別differently 【不同地，相異地】Every individual learns differently.每個(gè)人的學(xué)習(xí)方式都不一樣。They still get treated differently from almost every other contemporary British band.他們所得到的待遇仍然與當(dāng)代幾乎所有其他英國(guó)樂(lè)隊(duì)都不同。The skeleton consists of differently shaped bones held together by ligaments. 人體骨架是由依

39、靠韌帶連接的形狀相異的骨頭構(gòu)成。高頻率核心短語(yǔ)Its impossible to do sthIt is impossible for sb to do sthIt is impossible to finish the work in an hour.一個(gè)小時(shí)之內(nèi)完成這個(gè)工作是不可能的It was impossible for anyone to get in because no one knew the password.因?yàn)闆](méi)人知道密碼,所以任何人都不可能進(jìn)得去。高頻率核心短語(yǔ)in such a short text【in such a +adjective +名詞】He worked

40、 out this problem in such an easy way他用如此容易方法解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題高頻率核心短語(yǔ)consequently副詞所以;結(jié)果Grandfather Dingsdale had sustained a broken back while working in the mines. Consequently, he spent the rest of his life in a wheelchair.丁斯戴爾爺爺在礦井里工作時(shí)被壓斷了脊骨，結(jié)果，下半輩子都與輪椅為伴了。Relations between the two companies had, conseque

41、ntly, never been close. 因此，兩家公司之間的關(guān)系一直都不太親密。accordingly, consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus這些連接副詞均有“因此，所以”之意。accordingly：書(shū)面用詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)某種原因而得出的結(jié)果，其前可用冒號(hào)或分號(hào)，但不用逗號(hào)。consequently：正式用詞，側(cè)重符合邏輯的結(jié)果。 hence：較正式用詞，指接下來(lái)的東西是理所當(dāng)然的必需的東西，但強(qiáng)調(diào)其重要性。so：用于比較隨便的場(chǎng)合，口語(yǔ)中多用。therefore：通常指引出一個(gè)推斷出的必然結(jié)論。thus：多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，可與therefore

42、換用。Consequence結(jié)果;后果；影響Her lawyer said she understood the consequences of her actions and was prepared to go to jail.她的律師說(shuō)她明白自己行為的后果，已有了入獄的心理準(zhǔn)備。An economic crisis may have tremendous consequences for our global security. 一場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)可能?chē)?yán)重影響到全球安定結(jié)果;因此【in consequence or as a consequence】His death was totally

43、unexpected and, in consequence, no plans had been made for his replacement他的死完全出乎意料，所以，根本沒(méi)有安排替補(bǔ)人選。Maternity services were to be reduced in consequence of falling birth rates. 由于出生率下降，產(chǎn)科服務(wù)會(huì)隨之削減。people who are suffering and dying as a consequence of cigarette smoking.因吸煙而患病或死亡的人短語(yǔ)重要的;有價(jià)值的【Something or

44、 someone of consequence】As an overseer, he suddenly found himself a person of consequence. 作為工頭，他突然覺(jué)得自己是個(gè)重要人物。Where he is from is of no consequence to me. 他來(lái)自何方對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)并不重要。承擔(dān)后果;自食其果【take the consequences or face the consequences】These pilots must now face the consequences of their actions and be brough

45、t to trial這些飛行員現(xiàn)在必須為自己的行為承擔(dān)后果，接受審判。If climate changes continue, we will suffer the consequences. 如果氣候變化繼續(xù)下去，我們將自食其果。consequence, result, effect, outcome這些名詞均含“結(jié)果”之意。consequence： 多指隨某一事件引起的，必然或自然的不良結(jié)果，不強(qiáng)調(diào)直接的因果關(guān)系，而側(cè)重事件發(fā)展的邏輯關(guān)系。result： 普通用詞，含義廣泛，側(cè)重因某種原因所產(chǎn)生的最終結(jié)果，而不是眼前的結(jié)果。effect： 指因某種原因直接產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，著重持續(xù)穩(wěn)定與其影響。

46、outcome： 普通用詞，多指事物經(jīng)過(guò)一系列發(fā)展變化所導(dǎo)致的最終結(jié)局，而不是某種原因的直接結(jié)果。?？膳cresult通用。Consequent因之而起的;作為結(jié)果的The warming of the Earth and the consequent climatic changes affect us all地球變暖以及隨之而來(lái)的氣候變化影響著我們所有人。The changes in social work consequent upon reorganization have been considerable. 重組引起社會(huì)福利工作發(fā)生了重大變化。高頻率核心短語(yǔ)describe描述;描寫(xiě)

47、;形容;敘述We asked her to describe what kind of things she did in her spare time.我們請(qǐng)她描述一下她業(yè)余時(shí)間都在做什么。She broke down describing how she was arrested for refusing a breath test. 她在敘述自己如何因?yàn)榫芙^接受呼吸測(cè)試而被捕時(shí)再也控制不住情緒。She read a poem by Carver which describes their life together她讀了一首卡弗描寫(xiě)他們共同生活的詩(shī)。The myth of Narciss

48、us is described in Ovids work.有關(guān)那喀索斯的神話故事在奧維德的作品中有過(guò)描述。Just before his death he described seeing their son in a beautiful garden. 就在臨終前他說(shuō)看到他們的兒子在一個(gè)美麗的花園里。把說(shuō)成;把稱(chēng)為;認(rèn)為【describes someone or something as a particular thing,】He described it as an extraordinarily tangled and complicated tale. 他說(shuō)那是一個(gè)非常曲折復(fù)雜的故

49、事。Eriksson described him as the best player on the pitch.埃里克森稱(chēng)他是“場(chǎng)上最好的球員”。Andrew describes her as a large, bony and masculine woman.安德魯說(shuō)她是一個(gè)瘦骨嶙峋、男人模樣的大塊頭女人。Even his closest allies describe him as forceful, aggressive and determined.即使他最親密的盟友也認(rèn)為他強(qiáng)硬決斷、咄咄逼人，不達(dá)目的誓不罷休。He described the meeting as marking

50、a new stage in the peace process. 他稱(chēng)這次會(huì)議標(biāo)志著和平進(jìn)程進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新階段。描畫(huà)，畫(huà)出(圖形);形成的形狀His pass described a perfect arc through the leaden sky. 他的傳球在陰沉的天空中劃出了一道完美的弧線。describe, represent, sketch, picture這些動(dòng)詞均有“描寫(xiě)，描述”之意。describe： 側(cè)重指描述細(xì)節(jié)，給讀者或聽(tīng)眾提供清晰的視覺(jué)圖像。represent： 指有代表性或象征性地描述或講述。sketch： 指快速地勾勒或概略地?cái)⑹?。picture： 著重能夠栩栩如

51、生地把事物或場(chǎng)景等描繪出來(lái)description描述;形容;敘述;說(shuō)明Police have issued a description of the man who was aged between fifty and sixty警方已經(jīng)發(fā)布了那名年齡在 50 到 60 歲之間的男子的相貌特征通告。a detailed description of the movements and battle plans of Italys fleet.有關(guān)意大利艦隊(duì)的行動(dòng)和作戰(zhàn)計(jì)劃的詳細(xì)說(shuō)明He has a real gift for vivid description. 他很善于描述，說(shuō)起事情來(lái)活靈活

52、現(xiàn)的。單數(shù)名詞種類(lèi);類(lèi)型;性質(zhì)the oldest Catholic church of any description in England.英國(guó)所有天主教堂中最古老的一座Events of this description occurred daily. 這類(lèi)事件天天發(fā)生。the oldest Catholic church of any description in England.英國(guó)所有天主教堂中最古老的一座Events of this description occurred daily. 這類(lèi)事件天天發(fā)生。無(wú)法描述；難以形容【defies description=beyond d

53、escription】His face is weary beyond description.他一臉難以形容的疲憊。We were in a disaster situation that defies description. 我們陷入了難以言表的糟糕處境。explanation, definition, description, exposition, interpretation這些名詞都含有“解釋”或explanation： 普通用詞，指使人明白未知或不清楚的事。 definition： 主要指對(duì)某一詞、短語(yǔ)或?qū)ｉT(mén)術(shù)語(yǔ)的含義作解釋、下定義。description： 指對(duì)某一事物的重要

54、方面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)敘述，常含教育與啟迪意味。exposition： 通常指對(duì)論點(diǎn)、假設(shè)、理論等的重點(diǎn)作詳盡的闡述。interpretation： 多指對(duì)文字上較難的段落，或難于理解，令人迷惑的問(wèn)題作出解釋或說(shuō)明。Descriptive描述的;描寫(xiě)的;敘述的;說(shuō)明的.his descriptive way of writing. 他的描寫(xiě)性寫(xiě)作手法the descriptive passages in the novel 小說(shuō)中的描寫(xiě)性段落 He wrote a book descriptive of the frontier provinces. 他寫(xiě)了一本描寫(xiě)邊疆各省的專(zhuān)著. Write a de

55、scriptive passage about spring. 寫(xiě)一篇描寫(xiě)春天的短文. This book is descriptive of a scientific exploration. 這本書(shū)是描寫(xiě)科學(xué)探險(xiǎn)的. The book contains sublime descriptive passages. 這本書(shū)中有好幾個(gè)優(yōu)美的描寫(xiě)片段. 高頻率核心短語(yǔ)the most important onesThis is one of his most important paints.這是他最重要的繪畫(huà)之一高頻率核心短語(yǔ)start from從開(kāi)始；出發(fā)；出于1. The suggestio

56、n is that they should start from scratch. 提出的建議是,他們從頭開(kāi)始. 2. Its completely ruined, so well have to start from scratch. 它完全毀了, 我們只好從頭做起. 3. If you want to acquire profound knowledge, you must start from the ABC. 要想造就高深的學(xué)問(wèn), 就得從基礎(chǔ)學(xué)起. 4. The great railway lines of England all start from London. 英國(guó)的鐵路干線都以倫敦為起點(diǎn). 5. The announcer gave out that the 3:30 train to Manchester would start from Platform 播音員通知:三點(diǎn)三十分開(kāi)往曼徹斯特的火車(chē)將從4號(hào)站臺(tái)發(fā)車(chē).【The Middle Ages 中世紀(jì)】【(5th to the 15th century AD) 公元5世紀(jì)到15世紀(jì)】 【During the Middle Ages在中世紀(jì)期間】, 【the main aim of painters畫(huà)家的主要