初三中考英語復(fù)習(xí)語法專項(xiàng)_代詞 (精講精練)

1、代詞(Pronouns)考綱精解：代詞是用來代替名詞或名詞詞組的詞。代詞是歷年中考必考的考點(diǎn)之一。 考試題型以單項(xiàng)填空、詞形變化為主。近幾年中考命題中，對(duì)代詞的考查主要集中在人稱代詞的主格和賓格，物主代詞以及不定代詞的用法上。知識(shí)梳理：初中階段學(xué)過六種代詞：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞。現(xiàn)列表如下：1. 人稱代詞的用法主格人稱代詞在句子中作主語，賓格人稱代詞作賓語。如：Mr. Liu teaches us physics this term. He is a good teacher. We like him very much. 這個(gè)學(xué)期劉老師教我們物理。他是個(gè)

2、好老師。我們非常喜歡他。2. 物主代詞的用法形容詞性物主代詞只能用作定語修飾名詞名詞性物主代詞不能與名詞連用，可單獨(dú)用作主語、賓語、表語等，名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：My pencil is longer than yours (= your pencil). 我的鉛筆比你的長。Their classroom is bigger than ours (= our classroom)他們的教室比我們的大。 His bike is new. Mine (=My bike) is old.3. 反身代詞的用法反身代詞在句子中作賓語、表語、同位語，反身代詞也有單、復(fù)數(shù)。妙語巧記反身

3、代詞的構(gòu)成：一二用物代，第三用賓代。即：第一、二人稱的反身代詞是用形容詞性物主代詞加self/ selves構(gòu)成，第三人稱的反身代詞是用賓格代詞加self/ selves構(gòu)成。反身代詞用作賓語時(shí)，常用于下列搭配：teach (sth.)oneself = learn (sth.) by oneself (自學(xué))，help oneself to (隨便吃 ) , enjoy oneself (玩得愉快)，dress oneself (自己穿衣)，say to oneself (自言自語)， think to oneself (心里想)，by oneself (獨(dú)自)， leave sb. by

4、oneself (把某人獨(dú)自留下)， see oneself in the mirror (照鏡子)。4. 不定代詞是代詞中最難掌握的一項(xiàng)，主要考查各自的意義、用法以及形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的后置情況。不定代詞的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)：不定代詞作主語時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)；形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式修飾時(shí)，要放在不定代詞的后面。(1)some，any的用法：some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。但是在表示征求、對(duì)方意見的疑問句中經(jīng)常用some，如： Jane has some toys，but Ann doesn't have any. 詹妮有一些玩具，但是安妮一個(gè)也沒有。If you have

5、any questionsplease out up your hands.如果你有任何問題，請(qǐng)舉手。Would you like some bread? 你想來些面包嗎?M ay I have some milk? 我能要些牛奶嗎?(2)a little，little與a few，few的用法：a little，little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，a few，few修飾可數(shù)名詞，little，few表示很少，幾乎沒有，表達(dá)否定意思。如：They planted a few trees，but few of them are alive.他們種了幾棵樹，但沒幾棵成活的。He asked me for

6、a little ink，but I had little myself.他們問我要些墨水，但我自己幾乎都沒有。(3)all和none的用法：，all全部(三者或三者以上)。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù); none沒有一個(gè)人或物(三者或三者以上)。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。all，none后面都可以跟介詞of。(4)none，no one，nobody的用法：none指人或物，表示三者或三者以上都不，常與of連用。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以；no one與nobody只能指人，不能與of連用，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)；They were all tired，but none

7、 of them would stop to have a rest他們都累了，但沒有人想停下來歇一歇。Nobody was at home yesterday昨天沒人在家。(5) it和one的用法：it一般用來指代前面提到過的那個(gè)人或物; one表示泛指，指前面提到過的那類人或物中的任何一個(gè)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones。如：Your digital camera is quite niceWhere did you buy it?I want to buy one，too你的數(shù)碼相機(jī)真漂亮，你在哪里買的，我也想買一個(gè)。 I have three skirts. One is red，the ot

8、her two ones are black 我有三條裙子。一條是紅色的，另外兩條是黑色的。(6)both；either，neither的用法：both(兩者都)，either(兩者中的任何一個(gè)) neither (兩者都不)掌握下列結(jié)構(gòu)連接主語時(shí)謂語的情況：both and +謂(復(fù)) 既又either or +謂(就近原則) 或者或者，不是就是 neither nor +謂(就近原則) 既不也不Both of them went out but neither came back他們兩個(gè)人都出去了，但一個(gè)也沒回來。There are many trees on both sides(eit

9、her side) of the road路的兩旁有許多樹。Neither you nor I am from China.你和我都不是來自中國。(7)each，every的用法：each指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物中的一個(gè)。every指兩個(gè)以上的人或物中的一個(gè)，只能作定語，every后面不能跟of.There are lots of books on the bookshelf，and each of them is interesting.書架上有許多書，每一本都有趣。(8)復(fù)合不定代詞的用法：復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。something，somebody，someone用于肯定句

10、，anything，anybody，anyone用于否定句，疑問句及條件狀語從句。形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，要放在其后面。如：Don't worryThere is nothing serious with your ears別擔(dān)心，你的耳朵沒什么大礙。(9)other，another，others，the other和the others的用法：other其余的，指不確定的別的人或物。不可單獨(dú)使用，后面需加名詞。如： Other people went to the supermarket其余的人去了超市。another三者或三者以上之中任意一個(gè)人或物。I don't lik

11、e the color of this jacket，please show me another (one)我不喜歡這件夾克的顏色，給我拿一件別的(顏色的)看看。another + 數(shù)詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 = 數(shù)詞 + more + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 表示另外幾個(gè)或再多幾個(gè)。 other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 = others 無明確范圍情況下，指其余的?？梢詷?gòu)成some ，others 一些，其余的 如： There are lots of people in the park，some are boating，some are dancing，and others are playing chess. 公園

12、里有許多人，一些在劃船，一些在跳舞，其余的在下棋。the other兩者之中的另一個(gè)(特指剩下的那一個(gè))?？梢詷?gòu)成搭配one，the other ， “一個(gè)，另一個(gè) ”He has two sistersOne is a doctor，(and)the other is a teacher他有兩個(gè)姐姐。一個(gè)是醫(yī)生，另一個(gè)是教師。the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=the others，指總體除了一部分后，剩余的全部。謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：There are ten cars，six(of them)are red，the others are black10輛汽車中，6輛是紅色的，其余的是黑色的

13、。1. She invited _ her birthday party.Ayou and I BI and you Cyou and meSummary: 不同的人稱合在一起使用時(shí)，一般排列為：兩種或三種人稱單數(shù)出現(xiàn)并列情況時(shí)，順序?yàn)榈诙朔Q+第三人稱+第一人稱: you and I；you and he；he and I；you，he and I。 例如: You，he and I can help them finish the work in time復(fù)數(shù)：we and you；we and they；you and they；we，you and they. 但在承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，I常放在

14、其他代詞前面。例如：I and she made the boy cry._must work hard and learn from each otherAI and you BYou or I CMe and you DYou and I2. - Who is that speaking? - _.AI am Ann BIt's Ann CThis is AnnSummary: 在一些特定的情景中，如打電話、敲門，說話雙方都知道指代的是人時(shí)，常用it這個(gè)代詞。-“Who is _?” -“_ me，Linda.”A. it，It B. it，He C. she，She D. It，

15、it3-Who is the man over there? -He is a friend of _.A. I B. mine C. meSummary: 名詞性物主代詞常與of連用作定語，如: a friend of hers。雙重所有格是指既有s所有格又有of所有格的一種形式，如a friend of my fathers。4. The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than _ in Liaoning.Ait Bone Cthat【答案】C【解析】題目的意思是： “廣東的天氣比遼寧的天氣要熱一點(diǎn)。 ”同類物作比較，為避免重復(fù)，用that，those代替前

16、面提到過的名詞。如：The roads in Guangzhou are busier than those in Changsha.5. Mr. Zhang is quite busy todayHe has _ meetings to attend (出席，參加).Aa few Bfew Ca little【答案】A【解析】此題的意思是“張先生今天很忙。他有一些會(huì)議要參加?！贝鸢窧(few)是指幾乎沒有，因?yàn)槭呛苊?，、所以去除這個(gè)答案。而會(huì)議meeting是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，所以只能選a few。6. Please come in and makeat home，boys!A. you B.

17、yourself Cyourselves D. yours【答案】C【解析】此題的意思是“請(qǐng)進(jìn)來吧，男孩子們，隨便坐吧?！庇昧薭oys，所以應(yīng)該是用復(fù)數(shù)，而make yourself at home是招呼客人時(shí)的禮貌用語。7. She s aid she would live in London for _ four or five yearsA. other B. another C. the other D. the others【答案】B【解析】此題的意思是“她說她會(huì)在倫敦再待4或5年?！?another four or five years表示另外4或5年或再多4或5年。例3 I be

18、lieve the author to be _.Ahe B·him C·his D·himself答案為B. 【解析】該題中若人稱代詞作表語時(shí)用主格he，但作賓語補(bǔ)語則用賓格him。所以答案為B。例4 You must take care _.A. of yourself B. for yourself C. by yourself D. to yourself答案為A. 【解析】英語中of yourself表示自動(dòng)，for oneself表示親自，by oneself表示單獨(dú)或獨(dú)自，to oneself表示獨(dú)享、專有。所以答案為A。例5 I am afraid

19、 I can't make myselfA·understand B·to understand C·understood D·understanding 答案為C. 【解析】本句含被動(dòng)之意，賓語補(bǔ)語應(yīng)用過去分詞。(1) 不定代詞a little，little, a few，few 的使用許多同學(xué)經(jīng)常弄錯(cuò)，大家要從它們的詞義和所修飾的名詞考慮。There is _ salt here. Go and buy some.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few分析：salt是不可數(shù)名詞，故排除C、D，根據(jù)“go a

20、nd buy some”可知道剩下只有很少的鹽，故選B。(2) it 與one易混淆。如：-Can I get you a drink?- Thats very nice of you. Ive already got _.A. it B. one C. that D. this單項(xiàng)填空( )1. You may come to my home _ this week _ next weekA. neither; or B. from; to C. either; or Deither; nor( )2. I don't think we c an do it all _.A. by

21、ourselves B. by myself C. by ourself D. by yourselves( )3. I don't want this shirtPlease show me _.A. others B. the other C. another D. the others( )4. I can't repair the model plane _. Can you help _?A. me；me B. myself；myself C. myself；me D. me；myself( )5. Does your father often wash clothe

22、s _?A. he B. himself C. herself D. him( )6. We study Chinese，English，maths and some _ subjects.Athe other Bone Cother Danother( )7. I have two brothers _of them are doctors.A. Both BAll C. Either， D. Neither( )8. The dictionary on the shelf is _. She wrote _ name on its cover.A. Hers；her；herself B.

23、Her；hers；herselfC. Herself；her；hers D. Her；herself；herself( )9. “Don't worry. There's _much wrong With you.”said the doctor.A. nothing B. everything C. very D. something( )10. These shoes are too smallYou may buy some _ shoesA. another B. other C. the others D. others( )11. I asked Jim and B

24、ob to come to my house for dinner but of them came.A. both B. either C. neither D. none( )12. They are_ the same size，so you may take _ half of the cakeA. at；each B. in；both C. at；neither D. in；either( )13. Betty and John have come back，but _students in the class arent here yet.A. the other B. the o

25、thers C. another D. others( )14. _ is the population of Shandong Province?A. How many B. Which C. How much D. What( )l5. She stayed there longer than A. anyone B. anything else C. anybody D. anybody else( )16. -Is this her bike? -No，it isn't. Its _.A. mine B. my C. me D. hes( )17. _Li Ping's

26、 brother.AHer B. His C Hes DShes( )18. He is a boy. _name is Wang Bing.AHe B. His CHer DHe s( )19. -What's this? - _.A. It's a bread B. It is a bread CIt's bread D. This's bread( )20. The bowls are on the table. There are some eggs in _.A. it B. them C. the D. he( )21. Let _ have a l

27、ook.A. I B. you C. us D. my( )22. Mother often sees _ on Sunday.A. her all friends B. a11 her friend C. her friends D. her all friend( )23. When you see Tom and his sister，tell _that _ mother is waiting at the gate.A. his；his B. her；hers C. them；their D. his；her( )24. He wants you to talk _ about Ch

28、ina.A. anything B. nothing C. thing D. something( )25. Granny seems ill. Are you sure its _?A. nothing serious B. anything seriousC. serious anything D. serious nothing( )26. There are many people in the park, some are playing cards，some are dancing，and_ are taking a walk in itA. other peoples B. th

29、e others C. others D. the other people( )27. I have two uncles，one is a doctor and is a teacherA. the other B. another C·6ther D. another one( )28. _ of us answered the phone，for we were all in the yard.A. Either B. Neither C. An D. None( )29. -How many monkeys are there in the cage left? - _.A. None B. No one C. Nothing D. Not some( )30. I had to buy _these books because I didn't know which one was the best.A. both B. none C. neither D. all( )31. - Be careful! Don't break the bottleDo you he