DOEMinitab操作教程

1、Six Sigma-1DOE Minitab操作教程 1、男球鞋案例 2、化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)案例 3、傳統(tǒng)的一次一因子實(shí)驗(yàn)Six Sigma-21、男球鞋案例1、資料登陸2、選擇統(tǒng)計(jì)工具2 sample t3、圖形4、選擇統(tǒng)計(jì)工具Paired t5、圖形6、為什么會(huì)得到不同的結(jié)論Six Sigma-31、資料登陸 1、把資料登陸到Minitab軟件，輸入資料的操作類似Excel軟件，如下圖：Six Sigma-42、選擇統(tǒng)計(jì)工具2 sample t 路徑：StatBasic Statistics2-Sample t 選擇Samples in different columns First選擇Mate

2、rial A Second選擇Material B然后點(diǎn)擊GraphsSix Sigma-5點(diǎn)擊每一個(gè)方框，使其選中，然后單擊OK。Six Sigma-6點(diǎn)擊 到Session視窗Results for: BOYS SHOE.MTW Two-Sample T-Test and CI: Material A, Material B Two-sample T for Material A vs Material B N Mean StDev SE MeanMaterial A 10 10.63 2.45 0.78Material B 10 11.04 2.52 0.80Difference = m

3、u (Material A) - mu (Material B)Estimate for difference: -0.41000095% CI for difference: (-2.754808, 1.934808)T-Test of difference = 0 (vs not =): T-Value = -0.37 P-Value = 0.717 DF = 17H0：兩種材料壽命沒有差異Ha：兩種材料壽命有差異P0.05,接收H0。 Six Sigma-73、圖形DataMaterial BMaterial A1514131211109876Individual Value Plot

4、of Material A, Material B兩種材料沒有顯著差異，研發(fā)處的建議被拒絕。Six Sigma-8DataMaterial BMaterial A1514131211109876Boxplot of Material A, Material B兩種材料沒有顯著差異，研發(fā)處的建議被拒絕。Six Sigma-94、選擇統(tǒng)計(jì)工具Paired t路徑：StatBasic StatisticsPaired t選擇Samples in columnsFirst sample: 選擇Material ASecond sample:選擇Material B然后點(diǎn)擊GraphsSix Sigma

5、-10點(diǎn)擊每一個(gè)方框，使其選中，然后單擊OK。然后回到然后回到Session窗口：窗口：Paired T-Test and CI: Material A, Material B Paired T for Material A - Material B N Mean StDev SE MeanMaterial A 10 10.6300 2.4513 0.7752Material B 10 11.0400 2.5185 0.7964Difference 10 -0.410000 0.387155 0.12242995% CI for mean difference: (-0.686954, -0.

6、133046)T-Test of mean difference = 0 (vs not = 0): T-Value = -3.35 P-Value = 0.009H0：兩種材料壽命沒有差異Ha：兩種材料壽命有差異PDOEFactorialCreate Factorial DesignType of Design:選擇設(shè)計(jì)種類Number of Factors:選擇因子數(shù)目Design：選擇設(shè)計(jì)（解析度、中心點(diǎn)、反復(fù)數(shù)）Factor：輸入名稱和水準(zhǔn)Options：（取消）隨機(jī)化選項(xiàng)執(zhí)行實(shí)驗(yàn)：收集實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)Six Sigma-18Minitab：StatDOEFactorialCreate Fac

7、torial Design選擇設(shè)計(jì)種類選擇因子數(shù)目Six Sigma-19選擇設(shè)計(jì)（解析度、中心點(diǎn)、反復(fù)數(shù)）DesignSix Sigma-20Factor：輸入名稱和水準(zhǔn)輸入名稱和水準(zhǔn)Six Sigma-21Options：（取消）隨機(jī)化選項(xiàng)在正式實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)不能取消此項(xiàng)選擇！此處僅教學(xué)使用正常實(shí)驗(yàn)要隨機(jī)進(jìn)行！Six Sigma-22實(shí)驗(yàn)矩陣因子A 因子B 因子CSix Sigma-23執(zhí)行實(shí)驗(yàn)：收集實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)打印實(shí)驗(yàn)矩陣執(zhí)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，收集實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，將數(shù)據(jù)登陸到Minitab。Six Sigma-242、分析實(shí)驗(yàn)過程StatDOEFactorialAnalyze Factorial DesignResp

8、onse:輸入回應(yīng)值Terms:選取分析因子（全因子：變數(shù)和交互作用部分因子：僅變數(shù)）Graphs：主因圖：常態(tài)機(jī)率和柏拉圖， Cube Plot、殘差圖Six Sigma-25StatDOEFactorialAnalyze Factorial Design:輸入回應(yīng)值Six Sigma-26Terms:選取分析因子全因子選3部分因子選1或2 Six Sigma-27Graphs：選擇圖表Six Sigma-28效應(yīng)柏拉圖TermEffectBCABCCABBACA25201510508.47FactorNameATemperatureBConcentrationCCatalystPareto

9、 Chart of the Effects(response is Yield, Alpha = .05)Lenths PSE = 2.25超過紅線代表效應(yīng)顯著Six Sigma-29常態(tài)機(jī)率圖EffectPercent2520151050-5999590807060504030201051FactorNameATemperatureBConcentrationCCatalystEffect TypeNot SignificantSignificantACANormal Probability Plot of the Effects(response is Yield, Alpha = .05

10、)Lenths PSE = 2.25跳到線外的紅點(diǎn)表示因子顯著。Six Sigma-30StatDOEFactorialFactorial Plots分別選擇SetupSix Sigma-31選擇Responses及因子Six Sigma-32Inter action PlotTemperature4020BA756555Concentration756555CatalystTemperature160180Concentration2040Interaction Plot (data means) for YieldSix Sigma-33Main Effects Plot Mean of

11、Yield18016075706560554020BA7570656055TemperatureConcentrationCatalystMain Effects Plot (data means) for YieldSix Sigma-34Cube PlotBA4020180160CatalystConcentrationTemperature8083524568726054Cube Plot (data means) for YieldSix Sigma-353、解讀實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果解讀Minitab 輸出檢驗(yàn)ANOVA表格（縮減模式，最佳模式）檢驗(yàn)圖表（交互作用、主效應(yīng)、立體、殘差、及等方差圖）

12、考慮實(shí)際上為顯著的效應(yīng)（計(jì)算效應(yīng)在模式中的百分比）數(shù)學(xué)模式殘差分析Six Sigma-36ANOVA表格Estimated Effects and Coefficients for Yield (coded units)Term Effect CoefConstant 64.250 Temperature 23.000 11.500Concentration -5.000 -2.500 Catalyst 1.500 0.750Temperature*Concentration 1.500 0.750Temperature*Catalyst 10.000 5.000Concentration*C

13、atalyst -0.000 -0.000Temperature*Concentration*Catalyst 0.500 0.250Analysis of Variance for Yield (coded units)Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F PMain Effects 3 1112.50 1112.50 370.833 * *2-Way Interactions 3 204.50 204.50 68.167 * *3-Way Interactions 1 0.50 0.50 0.500 * *Residual Error 0 * * *Total

14、7 1317.50我們之前計(jì)算的效應(yīng)我們之前計(jì)算的系數(shù)誤差項(xiàng)目自由度為零Six Sigma-37Estimated Coefficients for Yield using data in uncoded units Term CoefConstant -85.5000Temperature 0.925000Concentration -1.52500Catalyst -71.5000Temperature*Concentration 0.00750000Temperature*Catalyst 0.425000Concentration*Catalyst -0.425000Temperatu

15、re*Concentration*Catalyst 0.00250000Alias StructureTemperatureConcentrationCatalystTemperature*ConcentrationTemperature*CatalystConcentration*CatalystTemperature*Concentration*CatalystSix Sigma-38縮減模式改變選取的項(xiàng)目移除最小的效應(yīng)檢視 機(jī)率圖 柏拉圖 ANOVA 表格重復(fù)移除下一個(gè)最小的效應(yīng)一直持續(xù)到模式為”最佳模式”最佳模式”的提示 不需要移除太多的項(xiàng)目 保留一些不顯著的項(xiàng)目已確認(rèn) 沒有錯(cuò)誤的移除

16、顯著的項(xiàng)目Six Sigma-39因子AB是否真的顯著？TermStandardized EffectCABBACA7060504030201002.92FactorNameAtempBconcCcataPareto Chart of the Standardized Effects(response is yield, Alpha = .10)Six Sigma-40將Alpha設(shè)為0.01Six Sigma-41因子AB并不顯著.TermStandardized EffectCABBACA7060504030201009.92FactorNameAtempBconcCcataPareto

17、Chart of the Standardized Effects(response is yield, Alpha = .01)Six Sigma-42最佳模式TermStandardized EffectCBACA25201510503.18FactorNameATemperatureBConcentrationCCatalystPareto Chart of the Standardized Effects(response is Yield, Alpha = .05)兩個(gè)變數(shù)和一個(gè)交互作用統(tǒng)計(jì)上是顯著的！Six Sigma-43最佳模式的ANOVA表格 Term Effect Coef

18、 SE Coef T PConstant 64.250 0.4564 140.76 0.000Temperature 23.000 11.500 0.4564 25.20 0.000Concentration -5.000 -2.500 0.4564 -5.48 0.012Catalyst 1.500 0.750 0.4564 1.64 0.199Temperature*Catalyst 10.000 5.000 0.4564 10.95 0.002S = 1.29099 R-Sq = 99.62% R-Sq(adj) = 99.11%Analysis of Variance for Yiel

19、d (coded units)Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F PMain Effects 3 1112.50 1112.50 370.833 222.50 0.0012-Way Interactions 1 200.00 200.00 200.000 120.00 0.002Residual Error 3 5.00 5.00 1.667Total 7 1317.50Six Sigma-44GLM分析路徑：StatANOVAGeneral linear model填入要分析的變數(shù)Six Sigma-45General Linear ModelSource DF

20、 Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F PTemperature 1 1058.00 1058.00 1058.00 634.80 0.000Concentration 1 50.00 50.00 50.00 30.00 0.012Catalyst 1 4.50 4.50 4.50 2.70 0.199Temperature*Catalyst 1 200.00 200.00 200.00 120.00 0.002Error 3 5.00 5.00 1.67Total 7 1317.50Six Sigma-46計(jì)算 ES1、在資料表中設(shè)四個(gè)欄位Source、DF 、 SS 、ES 2、自

21、session視窗復(fù)制并貼上Source、DF 、 SS 、ES 3、使用Minitab計(jì)算功能，將每一值除以Total SS值并存儲(chǔ)結(jié)果于ESSix Sigma-47復(fù)制并貼上Source、DF 、 SS 、ES Six Sigma-48計(jì)算 ESSix Sigma-49ES代表每個(gè)變數(shù)和交互作用在總SS中所占百分比SOURCE DFSS ESTemperature 1 1058.0 0.80304Concentration 1 50.0 0.03795Catalyst 1 4.5 0.00342Temperature*Catalyst 1 200.0 0.15180Error 3 5.0

22、0.00380Total 7 1317.5 1.00000因子Temperature占百分比為80%Six Sigma-50數(shù)學(xué)模式Variable CoefConstant 64.250Temperature 11.500 Concentration -2.500Catalyst 0.750Temperature*Catalyst 5.000Yield(Y)=64.25+11.5*Temperature -2.5*Concentration+0.75*Catalyst+5* Temperature*CatalystSymbol012312有了數(shù)學(xué)模式就可以根據(jù)客戶需要調(diào)整我們的Y.Six S

23、igma-51殘差分析路徑：StatDOEFactorialAnalyze Factorial DesignSix Sigma-52殘差分析Six Sigma-53殘差圖ResidualPercent210-1-2999050101Fitted ValueResidual807060501.00.50.0-0.5-1.0ResidualFrequency1.00.50.0-0.5-1.02.01.51.00.50.0Observation OrderResidual876543211.00.50.0-0.5-1.0Normal Probability Plot of the Residuals

24、Residuals Versus the Fitted ValuesHistogram of the ResidualsResiduals Versus the Order of the DataResidual Plots for YieldSix Sigma-54傳統(tǒng)的一次一因子實(shí)驗(yàn)思考：我們用傳統(tǒng)的一次一因子實(shí)驗(yàn)來做剛才的化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，會(huì)得到相同的結(jié)果嗎？ 下面讓我們用將二個(gè)因子固定住不變，并且一次只改變一個(gè)因子的方式來做試驗(yàn)。 Six Sigma-55輸入試驗(yàn)矩陣到MinitabSix Sigma-562、自定義實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)StatDOEFactorialDefine Custom Facto

25、rial Design定義因子定義水準(zhǔn)Six Sigma-57解讀因子標(biāo)準(zhǔn)順序?qū)嶒?yàn)順序集區(qū)中心點(diǎn)Six Sigma-58 ParetoTermEffectBCA160140120100806040200152.5FactorNameATEMPBCONCCCATAPareto Chart of the Effects(response is Yield, Alpha = .05)Lenths PSE = 12沒有考慮交互作用,沒有任何因子顯著Six Sigma-59常態(tài)機(jī)率圖EffectPercent3020100-10-20-30999590807060504030201051FactorNa

26、meATEMPBCONCCCATAEffect TypeNot SignificantSignificantNormal Probability Plot of the Effects(response is Yield, Alpha = .05)Lenths PSE = 12沒有考慮交互作用,沒有任何因子顯著Six Sigma-60Session輸出Estimated Effects and Coefficients for Yield (coded units)Term Effect CoefConstant 59.000TEMP 12.000 6.000CONC -6.000 -3.00

27、0CATA -8.000 -4.000Analysis of Variance for Yield (coded units)Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F PMain Effects 3 243.0 243.0 81.00 * *Residual Error 0 * * *Total 3 243.0Six Sigma-61縮減模式后TermStandardized EffectCATATEMP1412108642012.71Pareto Chart of the Standardized Effects(response is Yield, Alpha = .05)Six Sigma-62縮減模式后常態(tài)機(jī)率圖Standardized EffectPercent3210-1-2-3999590807060504030201051Effect TypeNot Si