初中英語現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)_詳細講解與練習(xí)

1、詳細講解及其練習(xí)詳細講解及其練習(xí)一、一、現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時由由“have/has+過去過去分詞分詞”構(gòu)成，主要有兩構(gòu)成，主要有兩個含義：個含義：v表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，常表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，常用的時間狀語有用的時間狀語有many times，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，so far, by now等。等。vI have already watched the TV play. 我已經(jīng)看過這部電我已經(jīng)看過這部電視劇了。（現(xiàn)在我對它不感興趣了）視劇了。（現(xiàn)在我對它不感興趣了）vHave you found your

2、lost pen yet?vNo, I havent found it yet.（我很著急）（我很著急）v表示動作或者狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，表示動作或者狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還將持續(xù)下去。用于也許還將持續(xù)下去。用于延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞，常常與，常常與so far、for或者或者since短語連用。短語連用。since + 時間點時間點 /從句，從句，for + 時間時間段，如段，如for two months等。等。v二二 、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和一般過去時態(tài)的區(qū)別、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和一般過去時態(tài)的區(qū)別v1）現(xiàn)在完成時和）現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時一般過去時都能表示過去發(fā)生都能表示過去

3、發(fā)生過的動作，但現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去動作對現(xiàn)在的過的動作，但現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，并且表示這一動作已完成或還可能繼續(xù)下影響，并且表示這一動作已完成或還可能繼續(xù)下去；去；v2）而一般過去時與現(xiàn)在的情況沒有聯(lián)系，僅表）而一般過去時與現(xiàn)在的情況沒有聯(lián)系，僅表示過去的動作，且這一動作到說話時已終止。因示過去的動作，且這一動作到說話時已終止。因此現(xiàn)在完成時不能與表示明確的過去時間如：此現(xiàn)在完成時不能與表示明確的過去時間如：in1949，yesterday，last week等的狀語連用，等的狀語連用，并且用并且用when或或where對這些時間和地點狀語提問對這些時間和地點狀語提問時，一般只

4、用一般過去時。時，一般只用一般過去時。v三、在三、在“it is first/second.time that.?！被蛟诨蛟凇癷t/this/that is the +最高級最高級+名詞名詞+that.?！苯Y(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)中，構(gòu)中，that從句中的動詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時；在從句中的動詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時；在“it + be .+since從句從句”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，be可用可用一般現(xiàn)一般現(xiàn)在時在時或現(xiàn)在完成時，或現(xiàn)在完成時，since從句一般用過去時。從句一般用過去時。v現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有 since 或或 for 等表示等表示“一一段時間段時間”的狀語連用，表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時的

5、狀語連用，表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：vI havent seen him for two years.v但是，像但是，像 come, arrive, buy 等終止性動詞不能等終止性動詞不能與表示與表示“一段時間一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改的狀語連用。要用，必須改為為“be（在）（在）”等延續(xù)性動詞來表述。等延續(xù)性動詞來表述。歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié):由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換詞的轉(zhuǎn)換varrivebe here die be dead begin (start) be on vcome back be back

6、fall ill (sick, asleep )be ill (sick, asleep) leave be away get up be up finish be over vopen be open close be closed borrow keep v be on be in 或或 be a member of go to schoolbe a student buy have catch(a cold) have (a cold) vbegin to studystudy get to know know v come to work work 等等v如：如：He has been

7、 a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。他參軍三年了。vHis father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。他父親去世二年了。vThe film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。電影已開始十分鐘了。vWe have studied English for three years. 我們（開始）學(xué)英語已三年了。我們（開始）學(xué)英語已三年了。注意事項注意事項（1）have been(to)與與 have gone( to)的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)

8、在已經(jīng)回來了）去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于，可用于 各人稱；各人稱；have gone(to)表示表示“去某地了（說話時某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀┤ツ车亓耍ㄕf話時某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱，前者可與常用于第三人稱，前者可與 once , never, several times 等等連用，后者則不能。連用，后者則不能。vHe has been to Beijing.他去過北京（已經(jīng)回來了）他去過北京（已經(jīng)回來了）vHe has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。他去北京了。 （還沒有回來）（還沒有回來）vhave/has been in 待在某地待在某地v如：如：They ha

9、ve been in Beijing.他們呆在北京。他們呆在北京。v（2）終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延）終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連 用。用。 如：如：vI havent left here since 1997.自從自從 1997 年以來，我一直年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。沒有離開過這兒?，F(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)練習(xí)題現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)練習(xí)題v現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)練習(xí)題現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)練習(xí)題v一一 選擇填空。選擇填空。v( ) 2. Her father _in1990 and her husband _

10、for more than five years.v(A) died ,dead (B) has died, deadv(C) died ,has been dead (D) has died, has diedv( ) 3. I have _this nice watch for two years. v(A) had (B) bought (C) borrowed (D) lendv( ) 4.He _his home for ten years.v(A)has left (B)left fromv(C)has been away from (D)was away fromv( ) 5.H

11、e _a league member for three yearsv(A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D) have becomev( ) 6.Lihuas brother has _for two yearsv(A)joined the army (C)become a soldierv(B)been an army (D)been in the armyv( ) 7.He hasnt _Quanzhou ever since he left schoolv(A) left (B)been away (C)been (D)awayv( )8.Have you

12、_ learned English?vYes, Ive _learned a lot.v(A)never, ever (B)ever, never v(C)ever, already (D)already. everv( ) 9.Have you finished your homework _?vYes, Ive _done that.v(A) yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, justv( )10.Johns father _borrowed some picturesv(A ) has just (B)have e

13、ver (C)has yet (D)have alreadyv二二 選擇填空選擇填空v( ) 1. Have you finished your homework Yes, I it last nightv(A) finish (B) finished (C) have finished (D) will finishv( ) 2. _you ever _to Nanjing Yes, I _there last year. (A) Havegone, have gone (B) Didgo, went (C) Havebeen , went (D) Didgo, has , been )v(

14、 ) 3.When _you _Lucy in New York?vI _her for two yearsv(A) didmeet, havent seen (B) didmeet, dont see v(C) havemet, havent seenv( ) 4.He _finished his homework yet .v( A) didnt (B) havent (C) hasnt (D) doesnt have v( )5.Have you _traveled to Quanzhou?vYes, I have.v(A) just (B) yet C) never (D) everv

15、( )6.Have you finished your homework Not_v(A) ever (B) already . (C) yet (D) just .v( ) 7 We havent finished our homework，_.v(A) already ( (B) ever (C) yet (D) never三三 用用 since 和和 for 填空填空 （一）（一）v1) _ two years _ two years ago 2) _ last month 3) _ yesterday 4) _ an hour ago 5) _ she left here 6) _ 4

16、 oclock 8) _ 1999 v9) _ 4 hours 10) _ lunch time （二）（二）v1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.v2. Ive known him _ we were children.v3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.v4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.v5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.四四 單項選擇題

17、單項選擇題v( )1.My mother has worked in this factory _ 2 years.v（A）about ( (B)for (C)in (D)sincev（ )2. His father joined the party_v(A)since three years ago (B)in two years timev(C)for three years (D)three years agov3. The students have cleaned the classroom , _?vA. so they B. dont they C. have they D. h

18、avent theyv4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we _ here for three years.vA. have been to B. have been invC. have been D. have gonev5.- How long _you_ your dictionary?v- About two months.vA. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought 6. He tells me he_ China for over five yearsv. A. has been B. has been in vC. has been to D. has gone to Chinav7._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to Nanjing?vA. How soon , comes B. How often, gotvC. How long , came D. How far, arrivedv8. His uncle_ for more than 9 years.vA. has come here B.