9AU1-8語法復(fù)習(xí)

1、丹徒區(qū)石馬中學(xué)丹徒區(qū)石馬中學(xué) 王霞王霞復(fù)復(fù)合合句句并列復(fù)合句從屬復(fù)合句 有并列連詞如and、or、but等連接狀語從句賓語從句定語從句主語從句表語從句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成。We can use conjunctions like and, but, or and so to join ideas together.We use and to join ideas that are .We use but to join ideas that are .We use or to introduce another . In negative sentences, we use t

2、o join two or more ideas.We use so to express the of sth.We can never use so and because together.differentsimilarpossibilityorresultTianjin has many restaurants.Tianjin baozi is very famous there.I can go swimming with Kitty.I can go swimming with Ann.Tianjin has many restaurants and Tianjin baozi

3、is very famous there.I can go swimming with Kitty or Ann.The TV play is interesting.Id like to watch it.The TV play is interesting, so Id like to watch it.Moon cakes are sweet.I cant eat too many at a time.Moon cakes are sweet, but I cant eat too many at at time.1.( ) Read this article, _ you will u

4、nderstand that not everything can be bought with money.（2014蘇州）蘇州）A.or B. and C. but D. so2.( ) You can jion the Reading Club _ you can go to the Dancing Club. Either is OK.(2014南通南通)A.and B. or C. but D. so B B both and 既既又又 not only but also 不僅不僅而且而且 either or 要么要么要么要么 neither nor 既不既不也不也不We can u

5、se these conjunctions to connect the same part of two sentences to avoid repetition (避避免重復(fù)免重復(fù)). When we use the conjunctions to connect two subjects, the verb form after both and is always plural. But the verb from after not only but also , either or and neither nor can be plural or singular, depend

6、ing on the subject closer to the verb. (就近原則就近原則)Fill in the blanks with the right words. Neither Jim nor Sam _(have) the ticket for the film. Both your father and your mother _(play) the piano well. Either he or we _(be) right. Neither the students nor the teacher _(come) to school by car every day

7、. Not only Tom but also I _ (be) interested in traveling. Both Kate and I _(be) ready for the picnic now.hasplayarecomesamare狀語從句狀語從句(Adverbial Clause)讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句although/ though結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句目的狀語從句目的狀語從句條件狀語從句條件狀語從句原因狀語從句原因狀語從句時間狀語從句時間狀語從句so that /suchthatso that / in order thatif / unlessbecause/ s

8、ince / aswhen / while / aswhenever = every time as soon as before / afteruntil / till sinceUsing although / though讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句1. You took a pill before you got on a ship but you got seasick. （同義句）（同義句）2. You have enough time but you wont be able to visit all places of interest. （同義句）（同義句） Although y

9、ou took a pill before you got on a ship , you got seasick. Although you have enough time , you wont be able to visit all places of interest.We use although / though to contrast two clauses.( ) I think he has been drinking, _ I am not completely sure. (2013杭州杭州)A.if B. though C. until D. as( ) I stil

10、l remember my first teacher _ we have not seen each other for a long time.A.if B. until C. though D. because( ) _ Lin Feng has to work late, she always wears a smile on her face.（2014南京）南京）A.Because B. If C. Until D. Though B C DUsing sothat / suchthat/ so that結(jié)果結(jié)果/目的狀語從句目的狀語從句work out the ruleWe us

11、e an_ or an_ between so and that.We use a_ between such and that.adjectiveadverbnoun phraseWe use _ (so.that., so that) to talk about the purpose of doing something.We use _ (so.that., so that) to talk about the result of something.so thatso.that1. Jackie is _ a famous film star_ people all over the

12、 world know him. A. so, that B. too, to C. such, that D. enough, that 2.這個箱子是如此的重以至于我搬不動。這個箱子是如此的重以至于我搬不動。 The box is _ _ _ I cant carry it. It is _ _ _ _ _I cant carry it.so heavy thatsuch a heavy box that3.他是如此的胖以至于無法通過這門。他是如此的胖以至于無法通過這門。He is _ _ _ he cant go through the door.He is _ _ _ _ _ he c

13、ant go through the door.so fat thatsuch a fat man that4._fine day it is today! Yes, the sunshine is_ beautiful that Id like to go swimming in the sea. A. How, such B. What a, very C. How, so D. What a, so ( ) Lin Shuhao is _ famous _ all the basketball fans in China know him.（2014，濟南），濟南） A.too;to B

14、. enough; to C. so;that D. as; as( ) There is _ little food and _ many people that many people died from hunger. A.so; such B. such; so C. so; so D. such; such C CUsing ifUsing unless條件狀語從句條件狀語從句simple present tense 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 simple future tense 一般將來時一般將來時If hunters catch a giant panda, they will k

15、ill it for its fur.Conditional Sentences(條件狀語從句）soon there will be no giant pandas in the world.If we do nothing, If-clause(從句從句) Main clause（主句）（主句）Ifclause (一般現(xiàn)在時）一般現(xiàn)在時） Main-clause(一般將來時）一般將來時）Main-clause(一般將來時）一般將來時） Ifclause (一般現(xiàn)在時）一般現(xiàn)在時） , We need a _( comma, full stop) after the if-clause whe

16、n it is the first part of a sentence.Rulescomma, . 1.除非他打電話我，否則我就去除非他打電話我，否則我就去. I will go _he telephones .2.不要離開房子除非我叫你離開不要離開房子除非我叫你離開.Dont leave the house _I tell you to .Dont leave the house _I _ tell you to.3. 除非你盡力了，否則你將不會實現(xiàn)夢想。除非你盡力了，否則你將不會實現(xiàn)夢想。_ you try your best, you wont realize your dream.4

17、.你馬上離開就不會遲到。你馬上離開就不會遲到。 You will be late _ you leave right now.I will go _he _telephone . ExercisesunlessunlessUnlessunlessifdoesntifdont The unless-clause can come first or after the main clause. becauseGiving reasons with since/asThe reasons are direct and its tone is strong. Use “because” to answ

18、er why questions.The reasons are already known. Their tone is weaker.原因狀語從句原因狀語從句 ( )_ he exercises every day, _ he is very healthy. (2014,玉林玉林)A.Because; so B. Because; / C.Because; though D. Though; /( )_ your father is well again, you no longer have anything to worry about.A. Since B. Before C. T

19、hough D. While ( )_ Jane was the oldest in this family, she had to look after the others.A. Though B. While C. Because D. AsBADafterbeforeat an earlier time thanat a later time thanUsing Using as soon asas soon as and and wheneverwhenever before, after, when, while, since, till, until, as soon as, w

20、henever引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，主句用主句用一般將來時一般將來時，從句用，從句用_。e.g. She wont go home until she finishes her work. 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 since（ ）常與現(xiàn)在完成時）常與現(xiàn)在完成時 連用。連用。e.g. John has worked in this factory since 1998. while（ ）引導(dǎo)的時間狀語）引導(dǎo)的時間狀語, 從句通常要用進行時。從句通常要用進行時。 e.g. Someone knocked on the door while I was watching TV.自

21、從自從當(dāng)當(dāng)時時 before, after, since, till, until還可還可作作 ，后接時間名詞。，后接時間名詞。e.g. before 9 a.m. till/until today since 2009 after lunch 當(dāng)主句和從句的主語是同一個人時當(dāng)主句和從句的主語是同一個人時 還可用：還可用：before/ after/ when/ while doing sth.e.g. Youd better not listen to music while doing your homework.介詞介詞 till和和until通?？梢曰Q，但當(dāng)通?？梢曰Q，但當(dāng)“直直

22、到到”這詞用于這詞用于句首句首或或與與not連用連用時時 只能用只能用until。e.g. They didnt come back until it was dark. as soon as 引導(dǎo)時間狀語，表示引導(dǎo)時間狀語，表示 “ ”e.g. It began to rain as soon as I left there.一一就就(寧波寧波)-Why did not you try your best to get on the subway?-I tried to, but it started moving _ I could get on it.A. before B. after

23、 C. since D. if(2013 陜西陜西) When you _ at a restaurant, please order just enough food. A. ate B. will eat C. eat D. have eaten (2013 杭州杭州)Sally took a photo of her friends while they _ computer games.A.play B. are playing C. have played D. were playing(2013 雅安雅安) My sister has learnt English _.A.for

24、twelve years ago B. since she was fourC. twelve years ago D. at the age of four (2013 十堰十堰)Tigers wait _ it is dark, then go out to find their food.A. since B. until C. as D. because(2013 青島青島) The song reminds me of my old school days as soon as it _.A.is played B. plays C. will be played D. will p

25、lay每當(dāng)他旅行時，他就會買張當(dāng)?shù)氐貓D。He buys a local map _.Whenever he travelsThe person I admire most Everyone has a hero. As for me, I admire my mother most. My mother is not rich, she is not famous. She is not perfect. for me, she is my mother, my teacher and good friend.We do lots of things together. She is very

26、 busy with her work, she can still spare some time for me. We go shipping, go to the cinema and so on. She stays up late to watch a football game with me. My mother always loves and cares for me. She helps me with my schoolwork and teaches me how to get on with other people. She always knows what to

27、 say, I feel sad or angry. I need help, she is always there for me. I love my mother very much. She is, and always will be, my hero.The person I admire most Everyone has a hero. As for me, I admire my mother most. My mother is neither rich nor famous. She is not perfect. But for me, she is not only

28、my mother but also my teacher and good friend.We do lots of things together. Although she is very busy with her work, she can still spare time for me. For example, wo go shipping, go to the cinema and so on. She even stay up late to watch a football game with me. My mother always loves and cares for

29、 me. She helps me with my schoolwork and teaches me how I can get on with other people. She always knows what to say when I feel sad or angry. Whenever I need help, she is always there for me. I love my mother very much. She is, and always will be, my hero. An object clause functions as the object o

30、f a sentence. We use that to introduce an object clause that is a statement. An object clause can be put after verbs such as say, find, know, think, believe, hope, notice and mean. An object clause can also follow adjectives such as certain, sure and glad.Tips1. We can use that clause to replace an

31、object after the verb in a sentence.2. The word order in the object clause is just the same as that in the statement. 3. Sometimes we can leave “that” out in the object clause.Working out the rules1. She knows. Timmy is a good boy.2. His father said. One and one is two.3. He said. Lucy often goes sh

32、opping.4. He is doing his homework. He said. 5. We realize. We should work hard. She knows (that) Timmy is a good boy.His father said (that) one and one is two.He said (that) Lucy often went shopping.He said (that) he was doing his homework. We realize (that) we should work hard. Rewrite the sentenc

33、es. We use if or whether to introduce an object clause that expresses a yes/no question. Such an object clause often follows verbs such as ask, see, wonder and find out. The word order in the clause should be the same as that in a statement.e.g. You may wonder if/whether colours influence our moods.

34、Sandy asks if/whether orange can cheer her up.1.在介詞后面：在介詞后面：We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.2.在動詞不定式前：在動詞不定式前：He cant decide whether to go to Canada.3.當(dāng)與當(dāng)與or或或or not連用時連用時:I dont know whether hes free or not.4.賓語從句提前時：賓語從句提前時：Whether this is true or not, I cant say.In these cases,

35、 we can only use whether instead of if.Choose the right answer.1. I havent decide _ Ill go out or stay at home. A. if B. when C. why D. whether2. I want to know _ you love English. A. that B. what C. if D. who3. I wonder _ our teacher will come to my birthday party. A. whether B. why C. where D. tha

36、t4. Id like to know _ or not. A. whether will he come B. whether has he come C. whether he will come D. that he will comeFill in the blanks with if or whether.1. Uncle John came up to see _ there was anything wrong with the computer.2. The shopkeeper asked my father _ or not he wanted to choose a bi

37、g Christmas tree.3. I dont know _ to go or stay?4. _ time runs out, what should we do?5. _ they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell.if/whetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf We use a question word to introduce an object clause that expresses a wh- question. The word order in the c

38、lause should be the same as that in a statement. Pay attention to the changes of pronouns (注意人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換注意人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換).e.g. I wonder what I should do.Sometimes we forget when we should stop.I do not know how I should deal with the problem.1.We dont know _ we will go there tomorrow. A. where B. why C. when D. wh

39、ether2. Do you know _? A. what time will the plane take off B. what time would the plane take off C. what time the plane will take off D. the plane will take off at what timeChoose the right answers.3. The manager came up to see _. A. who did the job B. who did the job do C. who does the job D. who

40、does the job do4. Can you tell me how soon _ back? A. will he be B. does he come C. he will be D. did he come5. Nobody knows _. A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what does he do什么是定語從句什么是定語從句( ( Defining relative clauses) )呢？呢？答案：修飾前面某一名詞或代詞答案：修飾前面某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。的從句叫定語從句。結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： 先行詞先行詞 + 關(guān)系

41、詞關(guān)系詞 + 句子句子Relative pronounPeopleThingswhowhichthatThat and which refer to things. That is more usual than which. Who, which and that can be used as relative pronouns. We use them to refer to people and / or things. 小結(jié)：小結(jié)：thatthat 既可指人，也可指物，作主語，既可指人，也可指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。whichwhich指物，

42、作主語，不能省略；作賓指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略語，可以省略. . who 指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略可以省略,（常用（常用whom）注注:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,定語定語從句的謂語動詞形式由先行詞定。從句的謂語動詞形式由先行詞定。用關(guān)系代詞填空用關(guān)系代詞填空1. The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3. I hate people _ talk much but do little.4. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfat