高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)《閱讀理解專題——猜測(cè)詞義》PPT課件2

1、super- (超超) mini- (極小的極小的, 微小的微小的)micro-（極微小的）（極微小的） re- （再，反復(fù)）（再，反復(fù)） mis-（誤，惡）（誤，惡） im-（不）（不） un-（不，非）（不，非） in-（不，非）（不，非）non-（不，非）（不，非） -able（能（能的的 ） -less（不，無）（不，無） -wards (向向) Mary, of course you are overweight. You eat too much junk food. Even worse , you excercise infrequently.“Even when a man

2、is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the two share little about their innermost feelings.” (2003NMET) With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. 舉例舉例歸納歸納生活生活常識(shí)常識(shí)上下上下推斷推斷對(duì)

3、比對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折因果因果關(guān)系關(guān)系同義同義同位同位定義定義解釋解釋猜猜How to guess the meaning of words? 1、定義描述、定義描述 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a . His uncle is a , an expert who does research on animals. The , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. We are on the - from midnight

4、 to 8 a.m. - this week.In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to , or water, their fields. All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to , that is to say, they are toothed whales. 定義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語從句或定義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語從句或be called，be known as

5、, be defined as等詞匯或破折號(hào)來表示等詞匯或破折號(hào)來表示 ；或由或由is, that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way引出引出 一些具體的解釋性的短語放在生詞后一些具體的解釋性的短語放在生詞后做它的同位語，用逗號(hào)隔開，構(gòu)成同做它的同位語，用逗號(hào)隔開，構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系。位關(guān)系。小小 結(jié)結(jié)2.同義詞同義詞 Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as as mother, and much shorter.反義詞反義詞Th

6、ough Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains . John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very .Ex. In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of . If you agree, write “ yes”; if y

7、ou , write “no”. Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are . Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was of the theft. 由由and或或or， like ,as as, the same as等連接的兩個(gè)詞構(gòu)成同義等連接的兩個(gè)詞構(gòu)成同義關(guān)系；關(guān)系；表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞常有如表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞常有如but, while, however,

8、 instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though ，on the contrary等。等。小小 結(jié)結(jié)3、因果關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very . The river is so that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.Ex. Since I could not afford to pur

9、chase the original painting, I bought a . An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. Hes such a businessman that he loses no money in any trade. She wanted the hairdresser to her hair a bit because it was too long. 常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞( (如如becausebecause，asas，sincesince，forfor，soso，thusthus，as a resu

10、ltas a result， thereforetherefore等等) )表示前因后果。表示前因后果。小小 結(jié)結(jié)4、舉例歸納法、舉例歸納法Cars must have certain safety such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise , such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.The new couple bought a lot of household appliances , such as

11、 washing machine, fridge and microwave oven ect.Difined most broadly, folklore includes all the customes, belief and tradition that people have handed dowm from generation to generation. 常用常用such as, like， for example, for instance等引出例等引出例子，可根據(jù)例子隸屬的類別歸納子，可根據(jù)例子隸屬的類別歸納出總稱詞即詞義出總稱詞即詞義 。小小 結(jié)結(jié)5、生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)、生活經(jīng)驗(yàn),

12、 生活常識(shí)生活常識(shí), 邏輯推理邏輯推理 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch spread in rings on the surface o

13、f water. Metal when heated and when cooled.Ex. One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever. Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 小小 結(jié)結(jié)根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或運(yùn)用自根據(jù)

14、自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或運(yùn)用自己已有的常識(shí)將生詞推測(cè)出來。己已有的常識(shí)將生詞推測(cè)出來。 因此平時(shí)因此平時(shí)多了解英美國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，宗教信仰，多了解英美國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，宗教信仰，社會(huì)生活等，可以幫助加深對(duì)文章的理解，社會(huì)生活等，可以幫助加深對(duì)文章的理解，遇到生詞，猜測(cè)詞義的能力自然就提高了。遇到生詞，猜測(cè)詞義的能力自然就提高了。 （05 05 福建卷）福建卷） Rainforests like the Rainforests like the Amazon are important for Amazon are important for mopping upmopping up COCO

15、in the public eyeA. 公眾熟悉的公眾熟悉的, ,出名的出名的Tips: in public在公眾場(chǎng)合在公眾場(chǎng)合 the public大眾大眾 eye眼睛眼睛GuessB. 在群眾的眼里在群眾的眼里 C. 公開的公開的 D. 令人眼熱的令人眼熱的in public6.6.根據(jù)生詞所在的上下文猜測(cè)詞義根據(jù)生詞所在的上下文猜測(cè)詞義例題：例題：Tom Tom cannt find his sneahers. . Tom cant find his white sneakersTom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white

16、 sneakers.A.money b.bowls C.shoesl）Jane is usually prompt. Alate Bon time Cpleased Jane is usually prompt for her classesJane is usually prompt for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her first class.2）Tom saw an owl last night Aa bird Ban animal Cthe sun Tom saw an owl in a tree last n

17、ightTom saw an owl last night but it flew away when he got near 推理題The ashes of the Great Wall are falling down。 I think the Greatwall is now like an 80 years old man. In some places it is still standing, but really unless there is some good medicine, most of it wont be standing in the next fifty or

18、 one hundred years.A.If people dont take medicine, the Great Wall will fall down.B. The Great Wall is like an 80 year-old man, who needs medical care.C. We must take some measures to pretect the GreatWall, or most of the Great Wall will break dwon in 50 or 100 yearsD. The Great Wall is falling down,

19、 and it will disappear in the future. 小小 結(jié)結(jié)所謂所謂“詞不離句，句不離章詞不離句，句不離章“講的就是對(duì)講的就是對(duì)于詞語或句子的正確理解依賴于一定的情于詞語或句子的正確理解依賴于一定的情景。所以在猜測(cè)生詞詞義或句意時(shí)，景。所以在猜測(cè)生詞詞義或句意時(shí)， 一一定要認(rèn)真讀懂與生詞密切相關(guān)的前后句子，定要認(rèn)真讀懂與生詞密切相關(guān)的前后句子， 對(duì)詞或句子進(jìn)行合情合理的推測(cè)，排除膚對(duì)詞或句子進(jìn)行合情合理的推測(cè)，排除膚淺的表義，選擇蘊(yùn)含在其中的深意。淺的表義，選擇蘊(yùn)含在其中的深意。1. There are some glaciers moving down the mo

20、untain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山雪山 B. 樹枝樹枝 C. 冰河冰河 D. 冰冰 2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever 小試身手3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he h

21、as to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用租用 B. 借出借出 C. 購買購買 D. 參觀參觀 4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest5. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her ne

22、ighbor all call her an eccentric lady. A. 愛貓的愛貓的 B. 古怪的古怪的 C. 閑不住閑不住 D. 動(dòng)物保護(hù)主義者動(dòng)物保護(hù)主義者 6. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士便士 B. 溫飽溫飽 C. 非常貧困非常貧困 D. 虛弱虛弱 10. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,

23、” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.” Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas. Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rook

24、eries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks, born during the November-December breeding season.What does the underlined word “obtain” probably mean?A. eat B. get C. sell D. buyB A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, re

25、latives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系宗系), and his tribe.The word “disgrace” means _ in this text.A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame The ruler had b

26、een so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(參議院參議院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guidi

27、ng him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able