實(shí)用文體翻譯的文體意識(shí)

1、第二講實(shí)用文體翻譯的文體意識(shí)實(shí)用文體翻譯的特性實(shí)用性目的性專業(yè)性勸導(dǎo)性商業(yè)性譯例一The word “document” comes from the Latin documentum meaning official paper. The word also carries meanings of “proof” and “evidence” . Therefore, a document is an official paper that serves as proof or evidence of something. 后一句： 單據(jù)是用來(lái)證明或證實(shí)某一事件的官方文件。實(shí)用文體翻譯的文體

2、意識(shí)術(shù)語(yǔ)對(duì)等意識(shí)復(fù)述意識(shí)專業(yè)知識(shí)的意識(shí)詞語(yǔ)組合意識(shí)術(shù)語(yǔ)對(duì)等Terminology equivalence術(shù)語(yǔ)：各門學(xué)科中專門用語(yǔ)。每一術(shù)語(yǔ)都有嚴(yán)格規(guī)定的意義。術(shù)語(yǔ)具有單一釋義的特點(diǎn)。一個(gè)英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)名稱如：free trade 自由貿(mào)易，關(guān)稅術(shù)語(yǔ)，不能說(shuō) “自由交易”“自由買賣”行話 jargon 行業(yè)內(nèi)約定俗成的說(shuō)法，各行業(yè)為適應(yīng)自身需要而創(chuàng)造使用的詞語(yǔ)。專業(yè)用語(yǔ)，業(yè)務(wù)用語(yǔ)，“地道”表達(dá)法Knocking copyKnock-out agreement 用作術(shù)語(yǔ)的常用詞Cap 上限 floor 下限 ceiling 封頂Call 贖回 ： call-adjusted yield贖回調(diào)

3、整收益率, call feature贖回特征, call price贖回價(jià)格, call provision贖回條款Call 買權(quán)/進(jìn) ： call spread買權(quán)利差, call or put(COP)買權(quán)或賣權(quán), call option 買進(jìn)型期權(quán) 譯例2From the Survey Report issued by the Commodity Inspection Bureau here, you will see that there is a shortage of 868 kilos.原譯由此處商品檢驗(yàn)局出具的檢測(cè)報(bào)告中可知短重868公斤?！靖摹繌谋镜厣虣z局出具的驗(yàn)貨報(bào)告中（貴

4、方）可知短重868千克。譯例3Provided we receive your order by 30 October, we make you a firm offer for delivery by the middle of November at the prices quoted.原譯現(xiàn)按所列價(jià)格，報(bào)供11月中旬交貨的實(shí)盤，以10月30日前收到你方訂單為準(zhǔn)。【改】現(xiàn)按所列價(jià)格報(bào)11月中旬交貨的實(shí)盤，以10月30日前收到貴方訂單為準(zhǔn)。譯例4Production and distribution schedules原譯生產(chǎn)和分配計(jì)劃時(shí)間表【改】生產(chǎn)和銷售計(jì)劃Priority logist

5、ics management原譯優(yōu)先后勤管理【改】?jī)?yōu)先物流管理Balance of trade deficit is when a country imports more than it exports.原譯當(dāng)進(jìn)口大于出口時(shí)表現(xiàn)為貿(mào)易赤字差額?！靖摹窟M(jìn)口大于出口為貿(mào)易逆差。Limits of liability 責(zé)任的界限 【改】責(zé)任范圍Credit balanceSophisticated technology Port, airport or terminalGangHullTerms and conditionsOffshore exploration industriesKey cu

6、rrency漢譯英術(shù)語(yǔ)名稱統(tǒng)一的途徑各大報(bào)紙雜志：China Daily, China Construction, Beijing Review,中國(guó)翻譯商貿(mào)英語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)專業(yè)詞典復(fù)數(shù)意識(shí)復(fù)數(shù)表示概念或名稱的數(shù)量復(fù)數(shù)表示款項(xiàng)或有價(jià)證券兩個(gè)或多個(gè)名詞均用復(fù)數(shù)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞表示數(shù)量復(fù)數(shù)名詞與單數(shù)名詞所示的名稱概念相同或相近Import importsStock stocksFlow flowsReserve reservesHolding holdingsShipment shipments Sale sales Supply suppliesThe balance must be matched b

7、y flows of international reserves that is, of gold into Britain. The gold inflows into Britain automatically reduce foreign money supplies and increase Britains money supply, driving foreign prices downward and British prices upward. Lucasfilm, for example, receives a percentage of the sales made by

8、 companies marketing Star-wars, thus Lucasfilms revenues increase with each additional toy that Parker Kenner sells in the United Kingdom.舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，盧卡斯制片公司承擔(dān)了影片星球大戰(zhàn)的部分銷售任務(wù)，因此，該公司在英國(guó)的代理帕克肯勒公司每銷售出一部拷貝，就能使該公司的收益增加。復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示由單數(shù)名詞引申出的數(shù)量或款項(xiàng)Damage damagesEarning earningsEffect effectsLiability liabilitiesEngagemen

9、t engagementsProceed proceedsReceipt receiptsReturn returnsThe estate agent required 2% commission on the proceeds from the sale of the house. 房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人要求收取出售房子實(shí)得款項(xiàng)的2%作為傭金。He sold his house and lives on the proceeds.他賣掉房子，以房款收入為生。We are sending our draft through the Bank of China on (for) documentary c

10、ollection.我們把匯票交由中國(guó)銀行跟單托收。The total collections today amounts to $78990.今天收款總額為78990美元。They found difficult in meeting the engagements. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)還債有困難。All expenses and risks thereinafter shall be born by your side.此后發(fā)生的一切開(kāi)支費(fèi)用及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)損失均由貴方承擔(dān)。Another factor behind the increase in merger activity is the record

11、performance of stock market, which has enabled companies to finance major acquisitions on the strength of their inflated share prices. 原導(dǎo)致合并不斷增加的另一個(gè)因素是股票市場(chǎng)的空前繁榮。股票市場(chǎng)的空前繁榮使得各家公司可以依賴其上漲的股票價(jià)格去資助各種大規(guī)模的購(gòu)進(jìn)?！靖摹繉?dǎo)致公司購(gòu)并增長(zhǎng)的另一個(gè)因素是股票市場(chǎng)的空前繁榮。許多上市公司可以用股價(jià)上漲獲得的資金為大的購(gòu)并項(xiàng)目提供金融保障。Subject to the above stipulations, the p

12、rofits, losses and risks of the Joint Venture Company shall be borne by the Parties in proportion to their respective contributions to the registered capital of the Joint Venture Company. 原譯在上述規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)，各方按各自對(duì)合資企業(yè)的注冊(cè)資本出資比例分享合資企業(yè)的利潤(rùn)，并承擔(dān)合資企業(yè)遭受的虧損和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！靖摹糠窒砗腺Y企業(yè)的利潤(rùn)額，并分擔(dān)合資企業(yè)的虧損額和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)金。復(fù)數(shù)表示款項(xiàng)、費(fèi)用、金額Advances 墊付預(yù)支款

13、 bank advances 銀行放款Cost 成本 costs 費(fèi)用Charges 費(fèi)用 landing charges, surchargesAmends 賠款Benefits 救濟(jì)金 補(bǔ)助金Credits 信貸額Expenses 開(kāi)支，經(jīng)費(fèi) traveling expenses 差旅費(fèi)Payments 付款額Wages 報(bào)酬P(guān)rofits 利潤(rùn)額Borrows 借款額From 1948 to 1954 the United States gave 16 Western European countries $17 billion in grants.Its founders saw ID

14、A as a way for the “haves” of the world to help the “have-nots”.Your letter of credit is to allow 2% more or less in drawings.Buyers must be responsible for all movements of the goods from inland point of loading, and pay all transportation costs.復(fù)數(shù)表示債券或股票BondsBundsSecuritiesShares and stocksWays-an

15、d-means advancesYearlingsInterestsfloaters兩個(gè)或多個(gè)名詞均用復(fù)數(shù)Terms and conditions條款Fixtures and fittings固定裝置及設(shè)備Ways and means（達(dá)到某種目的的）方法，資金Goods and chattels個(gè)人動(dòng)產(chǎn)Receipts and payments account收付帳Haves and have-nots富人與窮人，富國(guó)與窮國(guó)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換的名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示數(shù)量Movables 動(dòng)產(chǎn)Overheads 企業(yè)管理費(fèi)用Invisibles 無(wú)形出口商品與無(wú)形進(jìn)口商品Receivables 應(yīng)收賬款Outs

16、tandings 未償付的貸款，股東持有的股票Valuables 貴重物品Receivables turnover 應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率Cash and receivables現(xiàn)金及應(yīng)收賬款復(fù)數(shù)名詞所示概念與單數(shù)概念完全不同，但是不表示量Custom customs Document documentsSpecification specificationsHand handsGoing goings專業(yè)知識(shí)的意識(shí)The largest single issue in the preparation, presentation, and verification of documentation b

17、y sellers, buyers, and banks is consistency among documents.原譯在準(zhǔn)備、提交和審查單據(jù)時(shí)，最大的問(wèn)題是單據(jù)的一致性?！靖摹抠u方、買方及銀行在制單、交單和驗(yàn)單過(guò)程中最大的問(wèn)題在于單證的一致性。Many small service firms fail to analyze their services total cost, and therefore fail to price them profitably.原譯許多小型勞務(wù)公司不去分析勞務(wù)總成本， 因此無(wú)法為服務(wù)項(xiàng)目定出有利可圖的價(jià)格?！靖摹亢芏嘈⌒头?wù)公司因?yàn)闆](méi)有分析其項(xiàng)目的總成

18、本而無(wú)法為其服務(wù)項(xiàng)目制定可盈利的價(jià)格。The credit which evidences shipments of 2000 tons of steels may be used against presentation of the shipping documents. 原譯該信用證證明裝二千噸鋼材憑提交裝船單據(jù)使用，【改】改信用證證明裝二千噸鋼材，可憑提交裝船單據(jù)加以議付。【再改】本信用證證明二千噸鋼材已裝船，憑裝運(yùn)單證議付。Buyers or their chartering agent shall advise the Seller by fax 10 days prior to the arrival of the carrying vessel at the port of shipment of the contract number, name of the carrying vessel, approximate loading cap