chapter11心血管ppt課件

1、Chapter 11 Chapter 11 circulatory systemcirculatory systemBasic anatomyBasic anatomy Heart Blood vessels Lymphatic systemHeart anatomyHeart anatomyBlood vesselsBlood vesselsLymphatic systemLymphatic systemCommon roots and affixesCommon roots and affixes Hema/o- Sanguin- Phleb/o- Sphygm/o- -penia Ang

2、i/o- Haem/o-,haema-,hem/o,hema-,hemat/o- blood hemorrhage5hemEridV 出血 hemoagglutinin7hi:mEuE5lu:tinin 血紅素凝結(jié)素 Hemobilia hi:mEu5biliE 膽道出血, 膽血癥,血膽癥 hemoclip 血管夾 sanguin- (L.sanguis) blood sanguinivoroussANwi5nivErEssanguinivoroussANwi5nivErEs 食血的食血的, ,吸血的吸血的 sanguinopoieticsANwninEupCi5etiksanguinopoi

3、eticsANwninEupCi5etik 生血的生血的, ,造血的造血的 sanguinarin7sANwi5nZEri:nsanguinarin7sANwi5nZEri:n 血根堿血根堿 phleb/o- (Gr. Phleps) bleood vessel,vein phlebitisfli5baitisphlebitisfli5baitis 靜脈炎靜脈炎 phlebalgiafli5bAldViEphlebalgiafli5bAldViE 靜脈痛靜脈痛 phlebangioma7flibAndVi5EumEphlebangioma7flibAndVi5EumE 靜脈瘤靜脈瘤sphygm

4、/o- (Gr.sphugms) pulse sphygmogramsphygmogram5sfimE7rAm5sfimE7rAm脈搏描記脈搏描記, ,脈搏曲線脈搏曲線 SphygmocardiographSphygmocardiograph7sfimE5kB:diEurB:f7sfimE5kB:diEurB:f心動(dòng)脈搏描記器心動(dòng)脈搏描記器sphygmometer sphygmometer 脈博計(jì)脈博計(jì)-penia lack of, insufficiency Lymphocytopenia 7limfE7saitEu5pi:niELymphocytopenia 7limfE7saitEu5p

5、i:niE淋巴細(xì)胞減少淋巴細(xì)胞減少( (癥癥) )Ant. lymphocytosisAnt. lymphocytosis Neutropenia 7nju:trEu5pi:niENeutropenia 7nju:trEu5pi:niE( (嗜嗜) )中性白細(xì)胞減少中性白細(xì)胞減少( (癥癥) ) thrombocytopenia 7WrCmbEusaitEu5pi:niEthrombocytopenia 7WrCmbEusaitEu5pi:niE血小板減少血小板減少( (癥癥) )angi/o- vessel angioataxiaangioataxia n n5t5t 血管緊張失調(diào)血管緊張失

6、調(diào) angiosarcomaangiosarcoma9AndVIEJsB:kEJmE9AndVIEJsB:kEJmE血管肉瘤血管肉瘤angioplastyangioplasty5AndVIEJ7plAsti5AndVIEJ7plAsti血管成形術(shù)血管成形術(shù)conditionsconditions Aneurysm Arrhythmia Bleeding Disorders Bacteremia and sepsis Hodgkins Disease Pulmonary hypertension Thalassemia Thrombophlebitis Varicose VeinsAneurys

7、mAneurysmCerebral aneurysmAortic aneurysmabdominal aneurysm Thoracic aneurysmVentrical aneurysm Arrhythmia IArrhythmia ITachycardiaAtrial fibrillation心房顫動(dòng)Atrial flutter心房撲動(dòng)Supraventricular tachycardiaSVT）室上性心動(dòng)過(guò)速Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)吾-巴-懷三氏綜合征/pre-excitation syndrome (預(yù)激綜合征 )Ventricula

8、r fibrillation心室顫動(dòng)Ventricular tachycardia室性心動(dòng)過(guò)速Long QT syndromeQT間期延長(zhǎng)綜合征Arrhythmia IIArrhythmia II Bradycardia Sick sinus syndrome 病態(tài)竇房結(jié)綜合癥 Conduction block 傳導(dǎo)阻滯 (atrioventricular conduction block 房室傳導(dǎo)阻滯 ) Premature heartbeat 早博Bleeding disordersBleeding disordersPT (Prothrombin Time)PT (Prothrombin

9、 Time)凝血酶原時(shí)間凝血酶原時(shí)間 (11-15s) (11-15s)ACT (activated clotting time)ACT (activated clotting time)活化凝血時(shí)間活化凝血時(shí)間aPTT/PTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)aPTT/PTT (activated partial thromboplastin time)活化部分凝血激酶時(shí)間活化部分凝血激酶時(shí)間 (37s) (37s)coagulation factors coagulation factors 凝血因子凝血因子platelet countplat

10、elet count血小板計(jì)數(shù)血小板計(jì)數(shù)Bacteremia and SepsisBacteremia and Sepsis Bacteremia 7bAktE5ri:miEBacteremia 7bAktE5ri:miE 菌血癥菌血癥 the presence of bacteria in the the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream; bloodstream; Sepsis 5sepsisSepsis 5sepsis 膿毒病膿毒病, , 膿血癥膿血癥 a bacterial infection in the a bacterial infe

11、ction in the bloodstream. bloodstream. Hodgkins DiseaseHodgkins Disease Hodgkins disease, sometimes called Hodgkins lymphoma, is a cancer that starts in lymphatic tissue, including the lymph nodes and related organs that are part of the bodys immune and blood-forming systems. Its named after Dr. Tho

12、mas Hodgkin who first recognized it in 1832. The cancer cells in Hodgkins disease are called Reed-Sternberg cells, after the two doctors who first described them in detail. Hodgkins disease is a malignant lymphoma. There is no benign (noncancerous) form of Hodgkins disease. ThalassemiaThalassemia lE

13、5si:miElE5si:miE珠蛋白生成障礙性貧血,地中海貧血,庫(kù)利氏貧血an inherited disorder sometimes called Mediterranean anemia, von Jaksch anemia or Cooleys anemia, named after the physicians who first diagnosed it ThrombophlebitisThrombophlebitis7WrCmbEufli5baitis7WrCmbEufli5baitis血栓血栓( (性性) )靜脈炎靜脈炎 inflammation due to a blood

14、 clot occurs in a vein, usually occurs in the veins of the legs Varicose veinsVaricose veins gnarled, enlarged, thus visible veins mostly occurring in the legs and feet, which may be caused by incompetent valves within the veins. The word varicose comes from the Latin root varix, which means twisted

15、.A Quiz before we move onA Quiz before we move onMatch each specific disease in column B Match each specific disease in column B with its type in column A.with its type in column A. Column A Column BHeart valves diseasestrokeCoronary diseasehemophthalmia Bleeding disorderhemophiliaCerebrovascular di

16、seasenodular sclerosis Lymphatic diseasethrombophlebitisInflammationsaortic stenosisHemorrhagesmitral insufficiency Tests Tests Blood test series Angiography ABI Duplex ultrasoundBlood test series Cardiovascular Risk ProfileCardiovascular Risk Profile total cholesteroltotal cholesterol HDL cholester

17、ol HDL cholesterol LDL cholesterol LDL cholesterol triglycerides triglycerides cholesterol/HDL ratio cholesterol/HDL ratio glucoseglucoseBlood test series Liver Function: Liver Function: ASTAST天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶 ALTALT丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶 LDHLDH乳酸脫氫酶乳酸脫氫酶 total bilirubintotal bilirubin alkaline phosphatase alka

18、line phosphatase GTPGTP谷氨酰轉(zhuǎn)肽酶谷氨酰轉(zhuǎn)肽酶Blood test series Blood Protein Levels: Blood Protein Levels: AlbuminAlbumin GlobulinGlobulin Albumin/globulin ratio Albumin/globulin ratio Blood test series Kidney Function Kidney Function BUN (blood urea nitrogen)BUN (blood urea nitrogen)血尿素氮血尿素氮 CreatinineCreati

19、nine肌酐肌酐 Uric acidUric acidBlood test series Complete Blood Count (CBC) Complete Blood Count (CBC) red blood cell count red blood cell count white blood cell count white blood cell count mean corpuscular volume (MCV)mean corpuscular volume (MCV)平均紅細(xì)胞容積平均紅細(xì)胞容積mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)mean cor

20、puscular hemoglobin (MCH)紅細(xì)胞平均血紅細(xì)胞平均血紅蛋白量紅蛋白量mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)(MCHC)紅細(xì)胞平均血紅蛋白濃度紅細(xì)胞平均血紅蛋白濃度hemoglobin hemoglobin hematocrithematocrit血細(xì)胞比容血細(xì)胞比容platelet count platelet count basophils basophils eosinophils eosinophils neutrophils

21、neutrophils lymphocytes lymphocytes monocytes monocytes AngiographyAngiography血管造影術(shù)血管造影術(shù)The radiographic visualization of blood vessels following introduction of contrast material, or through CT scanning or MRI Catheter angiographyCT angiographyMRA Magnetic Resonance AngiographyCatheter AngiographyC

22、atheter AngiographyCT angiographyCT angiography Computerized tomography scanning, also called CT or CAT scanning, is a test that uses x-rays and computers to create detailed images of the internal structures of the body. Magnetic Resonance AngiographyMagnetic Resonance Angiography When MRI is applie

23、d to the blood vessels, it is also sometimes referred to as MRA (magnetic resonance angiography). Ankle-brachial index (ABI)Ankle-brachial index (ABI)臂臂- -踝指數(shù)踝指數(shù) Measurement and comparison of the blood pressure in the ankle and in the arm Duplex UltrasoundDuplex Ultrasound雙功能超聲儀雙功能超聲儀 Duplex ultraso

24、und combines Doppler and conventional ultrasound to allow physicians to see the structure of the blood vessels. Duplex ultrasound shows how blood is flowing through the vessels and measures the speed of the flow of blood.TreatmentsTreatments Thrombolytic Therapy Venous Access Surgical Bypass Surgica

25、l Aneurysm Repair Foot Care Endovascular Stenting EndarterectomyThrombolytic therapyThrombolytic therapy Thrombolytic therapy is a treatment used to break up dangerous clots inside the blood vessels by injecting clot-dissolving medications into a blood vessel. ischemic stroke Pulmonary embolism DVT

26、(deep vein thrombolism / thrombosis）Venous AccessVenous Access靜脈通道靜脈通道 Venous access allows the physician to deliver medicine directly into the bloodstream without repeatedly puncturing blood vessels. In venous access, a long, thin tube, called a catheter, acts as a kind of artificial vein. One end

27、of the catheter is placed in a vein in the arm, neck, or chest. The other end exits the body so that the physician can deliver medicine. This end may be connected to a circular device called a port under the surface of the skin. Surgical BypassSurgical Bypass Surgical bypass treats the narrowed arte

28、ries by creating a bypass around a section of the artery that is blocked. Surgical Aneurysm RepairSurgical Aneurysm Repair In surgical aneurysm repair, the vascular surgeon repairs or removes an aneurysm through an incision in the skin Foot Care Foot Care Foot care is important if patients have leg artery disease (peripheral arterial disease or PAD). In PAD, the blood vessels in the limbs become blocked because of hardening of the arteries. Endovascular