MBA全國考試英語真題和解析

1、【經(jīng)典資料，WORD文檔，可編輯修改】【經(jīng)典考試資料，答案附后，看后必過，WORD文檔，可修改】2015年MBA全國考試英語真題和解析Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA,B,C,Don answer sheet1(10points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemicon June 11, 2009. I

2、t is the first worldwide epidemic _1_ by the Word Health Organization in41 years.The heightened alert _ 2_ anemergency meeting with flu experts in Genevathat assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising _ 3_in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is ” _4_ ” in sever

3、ity, according to Margaret Chan,the organization s director general, _ 5_ the overwhelming majorityof patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the 6_ of anymedical treatment.The outbreak came to global _ 7_ in late April 2009, when Mexicanauthorities noted an unusually

4、large number of hospitalizations and deaths _8healthy adults.As muchof Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic,cases began to _9_ in NewYork City, the southwestern United States and aroundthe world.In the United States, newcases seemedto fade_ 10_ warmer weather arrived.But in late September

5、2009,officials reported there was_ 11_ flu activity inalmost every state and that virtually all the_ 12_ tested are the new swi neflu, also known as(A)H1N1,notseasonal flu. In the U.S, ithas_ 13_ morethan one millionpeople,and caused more than 600 deaths and moretha n 6,000 hospitalizatio ns.Federal

6、 health officials_ 14_ Tamiflu for childre n from the n ati onalstockpile and began_15_orders from the states for the newswine flu vaccine.The new vaccine, which is differentfrom the annual flu vaccine, is _16_aheadof expectati ons. More tha n three milli on doses were to be made available in early

7、October 2009,though most of those_ 17_ dose were of the FluMist n asal spraytype, which is not_18_ for preg nant wome n, people over 50 or those withbreathing difficulties, heart disease or several other_ 19_. But it was stillpossible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group, health care workers

8、, people20_ infants and healthy young people.1. Acriticized Bappoi nted Ccomme ntedDdesig nated2. Aproceeded Bactivated Cfollowed Dprompted3. AdigitsBn umbersCamou nts Dsums4. Amoderate Bno rmalC unu sualDextreme5. Awith Bin Cfrom Dby6. Aprogress Babse neeCprese neeDfavor7. Areality Bphe nomenon Cc

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11、irecti ons:Read the follow ing four passages. An swer the questio ns below each passage by choosingA, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text1The Ion gest bull run in a cen tury of art-market history en ded on a dramaticn ote with a sale of 56 works by Damie n Hirst,“ Beautif

12、ul In side My Head Forever ” ,at Sothebys in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more thana70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer calledout bids, in NewYork one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehma n Brothe

13、rs, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentunrfor a while after rising vertiginouslysince 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some$65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder ofArts Economics, a research firm double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may

14、 havecome down to $50 billion. But the market gen erates in terest far bey ond its size because it bringstogether great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by fewother in dustries. MBA 加油站In the weeks and mon ths that followed Mr Hirst s sale, spe nding of any sort

15、becamedeeply un fashi on able, especially in NewYork, where the bail-out of the banks coincidedwith the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of manyart-bu ying inv estors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries andsalerooms. Sales of con temporary art fell by

16、 two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector forChin ese con temporary art they were dow nby n early 90% in the year to November2008. Within weeks the world s two biggest auct ion houses, Sotheby s and Christie s, had to pay outnearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale wi

17、th them.MBA 加油站編輯The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buyingImpressi oni sts at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious con tract ion in themarket since the sec ond world war. This time experts reck on that prices are about 40% downontheir peak

18、 on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie s chief executive, says:“ I m prettycon fide nt we re at the bottom. ”What makes this slump differentfrom the last, he says, is that there are stillbuyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates

19、were high, there was nodema ndeve n though many collectors wan ted to sell. Christie s reve nues in the first half of2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost every one who was in terviewed for thisspecial report said that the biggest problem at the mome nt is not a lack of dema

20、nd but a lack ofgood work to sell. The three Ds death, debt and divorce still deliver works of art to themarket. But anyonewho does not have to sell is keep ing away, wait ing for con fide nce to return.21.ln the first paragraph,Damie n Hirsts sale was referred to as“ a lastvictory ” because_-.A. th

21、e art market hadwit nessed a successi on of victoryiesB. the aucti on eer fin ally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful In side My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world finan cial crisis22. By say ing“ spe nding of any sort became deepl

22、y un fashi on able ”(Line1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_.MBA 加油站編輯A . collectors were no Ion ger actively invo Ived in art-market aucti onsB .people stopped every ki nd of spe nding and stayed away from galleriesC.art collect ion as a fashi on had lost its appeal to a great exte ntD .works of

23、art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the followi ng stateme nts is NOT ture?A .Sales of con temporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other in dustries in mome ntum.C. The market gen erally went dow nward in various

24、ways.D.Some art dealers were await ing better cha nces to come.24. The three Ds men ti oned in the last paragraph are_A. aucti on houses favoritesB. c on temporary trendsMBA 加油站編輯C. factors promot ing artwork circulati onD. styles represe nting impressio ni sts25. The most appropriate title for this

25、 text could be_A. Fluctuatio n of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art Auctio nsC. Art Market in Decli neD. Shifted In terest in ArtsText2MBA 加油站編輯I was address ing a small gatheri ng in a suburba n Virg inia liv ing room - awome ns group that had in vited men to join them. Throughout the eve ning one manhad

26、 been particularly talkativefrequentlyoffering ideas and anecdotes while hiswife sat silentlybeside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commentecthat women frequently complain that their husbands dont talk to them. This man quicklyconcurred. He gestured toward his wife and said Shes th

27、e talker in ourfamily. The room burst into laughter; the manlooked puzzled and hurt. Its true he expla in ed.Whe n I comehomefrom work I have nothing to say. If she did nt keep the con versati on goingwed spe nd the whole eve ning in sile nee.This episode crystallizes the irony that although America

28、n men tend to talk more thanwomenin public situationsthey often talk less at home. And this patternis wreak ing havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scie ntistAn drew Hacker in the late 70s.Sociologist Catheri ne Kohler Riessma n reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of

29、 thewome n she in terviewed - but on ly a few of the men - gave lack of com muni cati on as the reason for their divorces. Give n the curre nt divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millionsof cases in the United States every year-a virtual epidemic of failed conv ersati on.In myown resea

30、rch complaints from womenabout their husbands most often focused not ontan gible in equities such as hav ing give n up the cha nee for a career to accompany a husband tohis or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like clea ning cook ing social arrangeme nts and erran ds. In ste

31、ad they focused on com muni catio n: He does nt liste n to me Hedoes nt talk to me. I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversationalpartners but few husbands share this expectation oftheirwives.In short the image that best represents

32、 the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene ofa man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up infront of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26. What is most wives mai n expectati on of their husba nds?A. Talki ng to them.B. Trusti ng them.C. Supp

33、ort ing their careers.D. Shsri ng housework.27. Judgi ng from the con text ,the phrase“ wreak ing havoc” (Li ne 3,Para.2)mostprobably means_ .A gen erati ng motivati on.B. exert ing in flue neeC. caus ing damageDcreat ing pressure28. AII of the followi ng are true EXCEPT_A. me n tend to talk more in

34、 public tan wome nB. n early 50perce nt of rece nt divorces are caused by failed conv ersati onC. wome n attach much importa nee to com muni cati on betwee n couplesDa female tends to be more talkative at home tha n her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?

35、A. The moral decay ing deserves more research by sociologists .B. Marriage break_up stems from sex in equalities.C. Husba nd and wofe have differe nt expectatio ns from their marriage.D. Conv ersati onal patter ns betwee n man and wife are differe nt.30n the following part immediately after this tex

36、t,the author will most probably focus onA. a vivid acco unt of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed descripti on of the stereotypical carto onC. other possible reas ons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief in troduct ion to the political scie ntist An drew HackerTxet3over the past decade,

37、manycompanies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviorshabits among con sumers. These habits have helped compa nies earn billio ns of dollarswhe n customers eat sn acks, apply lotio ns and wipe coun ters almost without thinking, ofte n inresp onse to a carefully desig ned set of daily cu

38、es.“ There are fun dame ntal public health problems, like hand washi ng with soap,that rema in killers only because weca n t figure out howto cha nge people s habits, ” Dr. Curtissaid.“ We wan ted to lear n from private in dustry how to create newbehaviors that happe n automatically. ”The companies

39、that Dr. Curtis turned to Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive andUnileverhad invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtlecues in con sumers lives that corporati ons could use to in troduce new rout in es.If you look hard eno ugh, you ll find that many of the products we use everyd

40、ay chewing gums, skin moisturizers,disinfectingwipes, air fresheners, waterpurifiers, health sn acks, an tiperspira nts, colog nes, teeth white ners, fabric softe ners, vitami ns are results of manu factured habits. A cen tury ago, fewpeople regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today,

41、 because of canny advertis ingand public health campaig ns, many America ns habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, ofte n with Colgate, Crest or one of the other bran ds.A few decades ago, many people didn t drink water outside of a meal. Then beveragecompa nies s

42、tarted bottli ng the producti on of far-off spri ngs,a nd now office workers unthinkinglysip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once boughtprimarily by adolesce nt boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshe ner and teethcleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertis

43、ed as part of morning beautyrituals,slipped in betwee n hair brushi ng and putt ing on makeup.“ Our products succeed whe n they become part of daily or weekly patter ns,”said Carol Berning, a con sumer psychologist who rece ntly retired from Procter &Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of

44、Tide, Crest and other products lastyear. “ Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers lives, and it sessential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning havelearned that there is power in tying certa in

45、 behaviors to habitual cues throughrele ntless advertis ing. As this new scie nee of habit has emerged, con troversieshave erupted whe n the tactics have bee n used to sell questi on able beauty creams or un healthyfoods.31. Accordi ng to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washi ng with soap_.A should be fu

46、rther cultivatedB should be cha nged graduallyC are deepiy rooted in historyD are basically private concerns32. Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph5 so as to_A reveal their impact on people habitsB show the urge nt n eed of daily n ecessitiesC indicate their ef

47、fect on people buying powerD ma ni fest the sig nifica nt role of good habits33. which of the followingdoes NOTbelong to products that help create peoples habits?A TideB CrestC ColgateD U nilver34. From the text wekonw that some of consumer s habits are developed due toA perfected art of productsB a

48、utomatic behavior creati onC commercial promoti onsD scie ntific experime nts35. the author sattitude toward the in flue nee of advertiseme nt on people shabits is_A i ndiffere ntB n egativeC positiveD biasedText4Many America ns regard the jury system as a con crete expressi on of crucial democratic

49、values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualificati ons of age andliteracy are equally compete nt to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected ran domly from areprese ntative cross sect ion of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serveon a ju

50、ry on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial bytheir peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscienee of the community and not just theletter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather tha nreprese nt

51、ative democracy .In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves,rather than electingrepresentativestogover n for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of suppos

52、edly superior intelligenee,education, and moral character. Although theSupremeCourt of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in juryselection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-calledelite or blue-ribbon juries provided a

53、convenient way around this and other antidiscriminationlaws.The system also failed to regularlyinclude womenon juriesuntil the mid-20thcentury. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was notuntil the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Eventhe n

54、 several states automatically exempted wome n from jury duty uni ess they pers on lly askedto have their n ames in eluded on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that womenwere needed at home, and it kept juries un represe ntative of wome n through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress

55、of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act,ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educationalrequirements for federal jurors and required them to beselected at ran dom from a cross sect ion of the en tire com mun ity .In the Ian dmark

56、1975decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the SupremeCourt extended the requirement that juries berepresentativeof all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylordecisi on also declared sex discrim in atio nin jury select ion to be uncon stituti onaland ordered states to use the sameprocedures for

57、 selecting male and female jurors.36. From the prin ciples of theUS jury system,welearn that_A both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juriesB defe ndants are immune from trial by their peersC no age limit should be imposed for jury serviceD judgme nt should con sider the opinion of the pub

58、lic37. The practice of selecting so called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_A the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination lawsB the prevale nt discrimi natio n aga inst certa in racesC the conflicting ideals in jury selecti on procedures38. Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some stat

59、esbecause_A they were automatically banned by state lawsB they fell far short of the required qualificati onsC they were supposed to perform domestic dutiesD they ten ded to evade public en gageme nt39. After the Jury Selectio n and Service Act was passed._A sex discrimination in jury selection was

60、unconstitutional and had to beabolishedB educati onal requireme nts became less rigid in the selecti on of federaljurorsC jurors at the state level ought to be representativeof the entire communityD states ought to conform to the federal court in reformi ng the jury system40.i n discuss ing the US jury syst