中考總復(fù)習(xí)_賓語從句講解和練習(xí)[含答案解析]

1、WORD 格式整理專業(yè)知識(shí)分享賓語從句一、考點(diǎn)解讀所謂賓語從句，就是一個(gè)句子在句子中作賓語成分，主要復(fù)習(xí)以下的內(nèi)容：1陳述句作賓語從句2.般疑問句作賓語從句3特殊疑問句作賓語從句二、專題梳理1.陳述句做賓語從句陳述句包括肯定句和否定句。我們先復(fù)習(xí)陳述句作賓語從句時(shí)的三大方面的問 題。(一)連接詞，陳述句作賓語從句時(shí)，用連接詞that，通常that可以省略。e.g.1 think (that) English is difficult to learn.我認(rèn)為英語難學(xué)。但在有些動(dòng)詞后連接詞that不能省略，在初中階段我們學(xué)過的動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)earn,sugget, expla in, agree, w

2、on der, feel, meane.g.However, he went on toexplain that he was not too sure about the grammar.然而，他繼續(xù)解釋說他對(duì)語法還沒有把握。(二) 語序，賓語從句要用陳述句的語序，而陳述句就是陳述句的語序，所以 不必作任何改動(dòng)。(三) 時(shí)態(tài)。在帶有賓語從句的句子中，主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)上是互 有聯(lián)系的，具體說來有三條。(1)當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句的謂語動(dòng) 詞通常不受主句的限制，即從句的時(shí)間是什么，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞就用什么形式。e.g.Shesays (that)shel

3、ikes En glish.她說她喜歡英語。Shesays (that) sheliked En glish three years ago.她說她三年以前喜歡英語。Shesays (that) shewill like English next term.她說下個(gè)學(xué)期她會(huì)喜歡英語的。(2)當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常要和主句保 持一致，要用過去了的某種時(shí)態(tài)。我們來做一些練習(xí)。She said. She likes En glish.She said (that) shdiked En glish.She said. She liked En glish three

4、years ago.She said (that) shdiked En glish three years ago.She said. She will like En glish.She said (that) shewould like En glish n ext term.She said. They are swimmi ng.She said (that) they were swimmi ng.她說他們在游泳。She said. The girl has bee n thereShe said (that) the girl had bee n there.她說那個(gè)女孩去過那里

5、。(3)當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用的是一般過去時(shí)，WORD 格式整理專業(yè)知識(shí)分享而從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞不受主句的限制，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。e.g.The teachersaid (that) the earthgoesaround the sun.老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。My mothertold me that a friend in n eedis a frie nd in deed.媽媽告訴我患難見真情。2.般疑問句作賓語從句一般疑問句作賓語從句也有三大方面需要掌握。(一)連接詞。一般疑問句作賓語從句時(shí)用連接詞if或whether,if和whether的中文意思是是否”在句子

6、中不能省略。我們來看幾個(gè)句子。e.g.Do you know?Does he study En glisl?Do you know if (whether) he studies En glish? 你知道他是否學(xué)習(xí)英語嗎？He asks. Are youa teache?He asks if (whether) you are a teacher.他問你是否是老師。注意：一般疑問句作賓語從句時(shí)，if和whether這兩個(gè)連接詞在大部分情況下是 可以通用的。但是有時(shí)候有些詞后或搭配中通常用whether,不用if。下面我們來看 一下if和whether的用法區(qū)別。(1)if/ whether在

7、作是否”講時(shí)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句常放在動(dòng)詞know, ask, care,won der, find out等之后。e.g.1iry to find out if/whether the machine is in good condition我將盡量查出這臺(tái)機(jī)器是否正常。We rehaving a discussion whether we Igo on the trip or not.我們正在討論是否去旅 行。(2)少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如leave, put, discuss, doubts的賓語從句常用whether引導(dǎo)。e.gput it to you whether we should start e

8、arlier.請(qǐng)您考慮一下我們能否早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。I doubt whether theyII keep their word懷疑他們能否守約。We re now discuss in whether we should group these three compa nies我們現(xiàn)在正討論是否應(yīng)該兼并這三個(gè)公司。(3)whether后可與or not直接連用，但if不可以。e.gdont cavteether/if the work will take long or not.這項(xiàng)工作花時(shí)間長短我不在乎。I wonder whether or not we should make it clear

9、 that weve lost this game我不知道我們是否應(yīng)該說明我們已經(jīng)輸了這一場比賽。(4) 與不定式連用只能用whetheroe.gam just won deri ng whether to stay for ano ther hour or just start off right away.我不知道是再等一個(gè)小時(shí)還是現(xiàn)在就開始。(5)有時(shí)為避免歧義，常用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，而不用if。e.g.Let me knowwhether you can come.告訴我，你是否能來。WORD 格式整理專業(yè)知識(shí)分享如果改成Let me know if you can come

10、就有兩種譯句。 告訴我你是否能來?！比?果你能來就告訴我?！?6)在介詞后通常用whether,不用if。e.g. Im thinkin about whether they know the an swer.我在想他們是否知道答案。I am not in terested in whether they believe in me or not(介詞后一般不用if)我對(duì)他們是否信任我不感興趣。(7)whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可置于句首。e.g.Whether they will joi n in the Win ter Camp I dont care.他們能否參加冬令營，我不在乎。(二)

11、語序。要用陳述句的語序，我們來看例句。e.g.He asks. Do you like sportsHe asks if you like sports.他問你是否喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。She asks. Does the boy wash cloth？She asks if (whether) the boy washes clothes.她問那個(gè)男孩是否洗衣服。I won der. Did you go there？I wo nder if (whether) you went there.我想知道你是否去那里了。She asks. Are they liste ning to the teacher

12、She asks if (whether) they are liste ning to the teacher她問他們是否在聽老師講課。He wan ts to know. Will they have classes tomorrowHe wan ts to know if (whether) they will have class tomorrow.他想知道他們明天是否上課。注意：一般疑問句作賓語從句改為陳述句的語序時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的變化如下：do去掉后面的動(dòng)詞不變。does去掉后面的動(dòng)詞加s或esodid去掉后面的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式。will, is, am, are, can, may, mu

13、st, should, have, has, ha等 助動(dòng)詞放到主語之后。(三)時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)的變化與陳述句作賓語從句相同，即：(1)主現(xiàn)一一從不限(主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句不限制用什么時(shí)態(tài))。(2)主過從過(主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去了的某種時(shí)態(tài))。(3)客觀真理不遵循主過，從過。3特殊疑問句作賓語從句(一) 連接詞。特殊疑問句作賓語從句時(shí)不需要再加連接詞，疑問詞就是連接 詞，并且不能省略。e.gask. What are you doing now?WORD 格式整理專業(yè)知識(shí)分享I ask what you are doing now.我問你現(xiàn)在在干什么？(二) 語序。用陳述句的語序，與一般

14、疑問句變賓語從句時(shí)基本相同，為什么 說基本相同呢？這是因?yàn)樘厥庖蓡柧溆袃煞N語序。(1)疑問詞+般疑問句。Do you know?Who does he ofte n go there withDo you know who he ofte n goes there with?你知道他經(jīng)常和誰一起去那兒嗎？I dont know. Whom shdiyou depend or?I dont know whom you should depend on我不知道你該依靠誰。This book will show you. What do the best CEOs know?This book wi

15、ll show you what the best CEOs know.這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁了解些什么。He didnt tell me. When will we meet againHe didnt tell me wh we would meet again.他沒告訴我什么時(shí)候我們再見面。Could you please show me How do you use your new cellph oneCould you please show me how you use your new cellphone你能否給我展示一下你如何使用你的新機(jī)器？None of us kno

16、 ws. Where can these new parts be boughtNone of us knows where these new parts can be bought.我們中沒人知道在哪里可以買到這些新零件。I ask you. Where are you from?I ask you where you are from?我問你來自哪里。(2)疑冋詞+謂語+其它。在第二種句式中，疑問詞既是連接詞，也是主語，所以語序上不作變化。 我們來看幾個(gè)特殊疑問句。Who has won the game誰贏了那場比賽。”Who在句子中作主語，has won作謂語。Do you know

17、 who has won the game你知道誰贏了那場比賽嗎？Whats wrong with you你哪兒不舒服？ ”這里what是作主語用的，是疑問詞+謂語+其它。作賓語從 句時(shí)語序不變。I ask you whats wrong with yo我問你哪里不舒服。通過上面的例句，我們可以看出特殊疑問句的語序，可以歸納特殊疑問句作賓 語從句時(shí)有兩種情況：A:連接詞(疑冋詞)+謂語+其它。WORD 格式整理專業(yè)知識(shí)分享B:連接詞(疑冋詞)+主語+謂語+其它。注意在用陳述句的語序時(shí)，我們還是要強(qiáng)調(diào)如下的幾點(diǎn)：(1)do去掉動(dòng)詞形式不變e.g.What do you study?你學(xué)習(xí)什么？T

18、he teacher asks whayou study？ 老師問你學(xué)習(xí)什么？(2)does去掉動(dòng)詞加s或ese.g.Where does the boy goon Sunday? 那男孩星期天去哪里？The girl wants to knowwhere the boy goes on Sun day.(3)did去掉動(dòng)詞變成過去式e.g.How many books did you buy yesterday？ 你昨天買了幾本書？I ask how many booksyou bought yesterday？ 我問你昨天買了幾本書？(4) 助動(dòng)詞is, am, are, was, wer

19、e, have, has, had, will, shall, can, may, mu等，挪至U主 語之后。WORD 格式整理專業(yè)知識(shí)分享e.g.Which class are you in?你在哪一個(gè)班？The teacher asks which clasyou are in? 那個(gè)老師問你你在哪個(gè)班。(5)don t, didnt, do不s能去掉，要挪到主語之后。e.g.Why didnt you conyesterday?為什么你昨天沒有來？The boy asks whyyou didnt coyesterday.那個(gè)男孩問你昨天為什么沒有來。(三)時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)變化與陳述句，一般疑

20、問句作賓語從句的變化相同。其中特 別要注意主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去了的某種時(shí)態(tài)。我們來看幾個(gè)句子。e.g.What are they eat ing?他們在吃什么？I wan ted to know what they were eati ng我想知道他們在吃什么？How long has he stayecthere？ 他在那里呆了多久？Sheaskedhow long he had stayed there她問他在那里呆了多久。 特別提示：當(dāng)主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是think, say, guess, suppose,suggest, believe, feel, consider等時(shí)，賓

21、語從句的引導(dǎo)詞常是who, which, what, when, where, how, why等疑問詞，經(jīng) 常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首。e.g.Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite sin ger this yea？ 你認(rèn)為今年大眾會(huì)選誰作為他們最喜愛的歌手？What do you suggestwe should prepare for Than ksgi ving Day？ 你建議我們該為感恩節(jié)準(zhǔn)備點(diǎn)什么？4哪些詞可以接賓語從句(1)接賓語從句的動(dòng)詞：大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語從句e.g.We all expectt

22、hat they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我們都預(yù)料他們會(huì)贏，因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯。He told us that they would help us through the whole work他告訴我們在整個(gè)工作中，他都會(huì)幫忙的。常用必背：make sure確保make up ones mi ncF定決心keep in mi nd牢記e.g.Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in在你上交試卷前要確保沒有

23、任何錯(cuò)誤。hope希望tell告訴say說con sider認(rèn)為imagine想象expect期望guess猜測know知道hear聽說thi nk認(rèn)為suppose猜測won der想知道可帶賓語從句的常見動(dòng)詞有:(2)動(dòng)詞短語有的也可帶賓語從句常見的這類詞有:WORD 格式整理專業(yè)知識(shí)分享We should keep in min dthat sports can help us develop both our bodies and characters我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記體育運(yùn)動(dòng)不但可以增強(qiáng)我們的體質(zhì)，而且還能健全我們的人格。(3)需用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句WORD 格式整理專業(yè)知識(shí)分享1

24、動(dòng)詞find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，則需要用it作形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置。e.gthink it n ecessarythat we take pie nty of hot water every day我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的。I feel it a pity that I havent been to t-teggdher.我沒去聚會(huì)，感覺非常遺憾。I have madeit a rule that I keep diaries.我每天寫日記成了慣例。We all find it importa nt t

25、hat we （should） make a quick decisi on about this matter我們都認(rèn)為對(duì)這件事馬上做出決定很重要。2有些動(dòng)詞跟賓語從句時(shí)需要在賓語從句前加it。這類動(dòng)詞主要有hate, take,owe, have, see tc等。e.ghate it whe n people talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭人們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話。He will have it that our plan is really practical .他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行。I take it that you will agr

26、ee with us.我認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的。Whe n you start the engine, you must see to that the car is in n eutral.開啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置。特別提示：如若賓語從句是wh-類，則不可用it代替。e.g.We all consider what you said to the unbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信 的。We discoveredwhat we had learnedto be valuable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的是有用的。（4）介詞的賓語從句wh-類引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句一

27、般情況下介詞后跟wh-類引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。e.g.We are talk ing aboutwhether we admit stude nts into our club我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部。The new book is abouthow Shen zhou VI manned spaceship was sent up into space這本新書是關(guān)于神舟六號(hào)載人航天飛機(jī)是如何升入太空的。that引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句偶爾可見到except, but, besides三個(gè)介詞后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的情況。e.gknow nothing about my new n ei

28、ghbour exceptthat he used to work with a compa ny對(duì)于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他的一無所知。（5）形容詞的賓語從句常可引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有sure, certa in, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied（滿意的），sorry等。e.gm suteat theyll make it in spite of the terrible weather我確信不管天氣如何，他們會(huì)取得成功的。Im extremely sortyat I have lost your boo

29、k真是對(duì)不起我弄丟了你的書。We re all pleasedhat we haveonce again overcome the difficulty真是高興我們再次戰(zhàn)勝了困難。WORD 格式整理專業(yè)知識(shí)分享Im not surehether theyII agree with such a.plan我拿不準(zhǔn)他們是否同意這樣一個(gè)計(jì)劃。注意：用that引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，需要用形式賓語it代替，然后將that從句放在最后。e.g.You may depe nd onit that I shall always help you.請(qǐng)你相信我，我總會(huì)幫助你的。今天我們復(fù)習(xí)了賓語從句，賓語從句最

30、主要注意就是我們上面提到的三大問題。 即：連接詞的問題、語序的問題、時(shí)態(tài)的問題。賓語從句與直接引語和間接引語有 很大的區(qū)別。在復(fù)習(xí)直接引語和間接引語中我們會(huì)講這個(gè)區(qū)別。不要把賓語從句和 直接引語變間接引語混為一體。三、典型例題講解例題1. Could you please tell me_?Certai nly.A.what should I do to improve my EnglishB.how can I get to the reading roomC.what she is looking forD.when shall we have a parentsmeeting解題技巧：本

31、題考查賓語從句的用法。賓語從句用陳述語序，而選項(xiàng)A、B和D都是疑問 語序，故排除，由句意可知正確答案為C項(xiàng)。答案：C例題2.I know_ I promised to take you to dinner, but I wont finish working untiten oclock.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.why解題技巧：本題考查賓語從句的用法。由下文我承諾帶你去吃飯，但是我直到十點(diǎn)才能完 成工作?！笨芍颂幱蓆hat引導(dǎo)賓語從句，故選A項(xiàng)。答案：A例題3. Can you guess the new Nike sports shoesYes. Maybe he asked

32、his gran dpa to pay for them, I think.A.how he paid for B.where he boughtC.when he paid for D.why he bought解題技巧：本題考查賓語從句的連接詞。how“怎樣”where哪里”;when什么時(shí)候”；why為 什么”由下句也許他讓他爺爺支付的”可知，對(duì)方詢問如何支付新耐克運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋。故 選A。答案：A四、備考策略賓語從句是初中階段學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)主要內(nèi)容，近幾年中考中出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容較多，賓 語從句的重點(diǎn)在三大方面，一是連接詞，二是語序，三是時(shí)態(tài)。這三個(gè)問題弄清楚 了，題目就容易做了。賓語從句專題練習(xí)題一、用

33、恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞連接賓語從句。1._Id like to knowyou have invited him to the meeting.2._ I knowChinese is spoken in many Southeast countries.3.She couldnt decide_bus she would take to the zoo.WORD 格式整理專業(yè)知識(shí)分享4.I dont know_I should tell him the truth.5.We were happy to see_there was hardly any clouds in the blue sky.6.

34、Do you know_Miss Jones will punish Ton?7.He told me_ he was going to thank Jack.8.Could you let us know_ we will fly over Hankou?二、合成賓語從句。1.He said. They are working hard.2.Do you know?Does she study Japane?3.They want to know. How long will you stay there.4.We think. The workers were late yesterday

35、.5.The girl asked. Does the teacher teach Englis?6.I asked him. Will he like to help us?三、單項(xiàng)選擇()1.My uncle remembered_ .A.when we moved to the townB.when did we move to the townC.whe n we move to the tow nD.whe n do we move to the tow n()2.Can you tell me which floor_?A.does he live on B.he lives in

36、 C.does he live in D.he lives on()3. Could you tell me_?Glad to help.A.if I have bee n to the Great WallB.where did he studyC.how I can get to the stationD.whats your name()4.Our head teacher saw the empty seat n ext to me and asked_A.where has Jeff goneB.where did Jeff goC.where Jeff has bee nD.whe

37、re Jeff had gone()5. I won der_ .Zebras.A.what do they call these ani malsB.how they call these ani malsC.what they call these ani malsD.how do they call these ani malWORD 格式整理專業(yè)知識(shí)分享賓語從句專題練習(xí)題一、用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞連接賓語從句。1.I d like to know_ you have invited him to the meeting.2._ I knowChin ese is spoke n in many Southeast court tries.3.She couldn