英語否定轉(zhuǎn)移翻譯ppt課件

1、英漢語的否認(rèn)句及翻譯1;.n英語中的否認(rèn)方式靈敏多樣，是一個(gè)常見而又較復(fù)雜的問題。有的句子在方式上是一定而本質(zhì)上卻能否認(rèn)，有的那么方式上能否認(rèn)而本質(zhì)上是一定；有的在英語句中否認(rèn)主語，可譯成漢語時(shí)就轉(zhuǎn)化成否認(rèn)謂語，這給學(xué)生的了解和翻譯呵斥了很大的困難。n英漢言語中的否認(rèn)都可以分為完全否認(rèn)，部分否認(rèn)和雙重否認(rèn)三種類型。21完全否認(rèn)(Full Negation)百分之百地否認(rèn)一個(gè)事物的存在、成立或真實(shí)性。常用的全部否認(rèn)詞與習(xí)慣用語有：no, not, none, never, neither, nor, nothing，nobody, the last 或者not + anyanyoneanybod

2、y等。egNeither of the substances dissolves in water這兩種物質(zhì)都不溶于水。32部分否認(rèn)(Partial Negation)n英語中all，every(及其派生詞)both，each，以及always，often，entirely，wholly都帶有 “全體的意義，但當(dāng)和not連用時(shí)表示部分否認(rèn)，可譯為：不都是，不全是,不是每個(gè),不總是nEvery disease is not cured in the same wayn 并非每種疾病都用同樣的方法治療。 nAll that glitters is not goldn 發(fā)光的并不都是金子nNot b

3、oth suggestions are accepted by the committee.n 并非兩個(gè)建議都被委員會(huì)所采用4三、雙重否認(rèn)(Double Negation)n否認(rèn)之否認(rèn)。實(shí)踐上是一定。但其語氣較強(qiáng)。無論該否認(rèn)是方式上的還是意義上的，在翻譯時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語氣翻譯成一定句或雙重否認(rèn)句nI wouldnt be saying this unless I were sure of the factsn 要是我對(duì)這些事情沒有把握，我就不說這話了。nOne is never too old to learn活到老，學(xué)到老nShe is not a little interested in

4、computer gamesn她對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)游戲有濃重興趣5nNo one has nothing to offer to societyn 人人都可以為社會(huì)奉獻(xiàn)點(diǎn)什么。nHe cannot speak English without making mistakesn 他一說英語就出錯(cuò)。nNowadays it is not seldom that a man lives to be seventy years oldn 如今人活到70歲常見的。nIt is impossible for heat to be converted into a certain kind of energy with

5、out something lostn一點(diǎn)不損耗就把熱能轉(zhuǎn)換成某種能量是不能夠的。6四、延續(xù)否認(rèn)(Continuative Negation)n在同一句子中，一個(gè)否認(rèn)詞之后延續(xù)運(yùn)用否認(rèn)要素，不論是方式上的還是意義上的，均稱之為延續(xù)否認(rèn)(或延續(xù)否認(rèn)、接續(xù)否認(rèn))可以譯成漢語的延續(xù)否認(rèn)句nNo one who returned from the front failed to express admiration for Bethune whenever his name was mentioned and none remained unmoved by his actionn 從前線回來的人說起

6、白求恩,沒有一個(gè)不佩服，沒有一個(gè)不為他的精神所打動(dòng)7nBefore Iiberation he was a cartdriver who could hardIy keep body and soul together，let alone support his familyn 解放前，他是個(gè)趕大車的，連本人的生活都難以維持，更不用說養(yǎng)家了nAt that time we didnt have computers，to say nothing of and Internetn那時(shí)，我們連電腦都沒有，更不用說電子郵件和因特網(wǎng)了。8五、否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移(Transferred Negation)n在英語中

7、，把否認(rèn)詞或否認(rèn)成分從其原來應(yīng)在的位置轉(zhuǎn)移至句子的謂語動(dòng)詞前，這就是“否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移。它通常有這樣兩種情況：n主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為think，believe，suppose，imagine，expect，fancy等表示以為, 猜測(cè)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后賓語從句中的否認(rèn)詞not應(yīng)該移至主句中n簡(jiǎn)單句中否認(rèn)方式、時(shí)間、緣由等狀語的否認(rèn)詞應(yīng)移到謂語動(dòng)詞前9nI dont suppose anyone who object to the project.n 我猜測(cè)任何人都不會(huì)反對(duì)這個(gè)方案nThe object did not move because l pushed on itn 這物體不是由于我推了才挪動(dòng)的nHe

8、 didnt go to school by bus(=He goes to school not by bus)n 他不是乘公交車去上學(xué)nRome was not built in a day.(=Rome was built not in a day)n 羅馬并非一日建成10六、暗含否認(rèn)(Implied Negation)n1一定方式，否認(rèn)句意nYou have just missed the targetn 他沒有射中靶子nPlease refrain from spitting in the public placen 公共場(chǎng)所請(qǐng)勿吐痰nRain prevented him from

9、going outn 下雨了,他沒出去n其他類似的動(dòng)詞還有：deny, refuse, overlook 等11n2否認(rèn)方式，一定句意nDrinking too much will do no good to your healthn過量飲酒有損于他的安康。nwhich family doesnt have problemn家家有本難念的經(jīng)。nThey cannot but admit that in certain aspects of science and technology we are away ahead to themn他們不得不成認(rèn)在某些科學(xué)技術(shù)方面，我們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先于他們123

10、某些特殊構(gòu)造和習(xí)語表達(dá)否認(rèn)含義nIf only hed remembered to buy some fruitn 他當(dāng)時(shí)要是記得買些水果來該多好。(虛擬語氣表示暗含否認(rèn))nBut that you had seen me in the water, I would have drownedn要不是他看見我掉在水里，我早就淹死了。(虛擬語氣表示暗含否認(rèn))nBut for your help，they should not have finished the task in time要不是他們的協(xié)助，他們不能夠按時(shí)完成義務(wù)(虛擬語氣表示暗含否認(rèn))13nThat was a thin argumentnThe beauty of the West Lake is beyond descriptionnWe cant be too faithful t