這個(gè)世界的啟示在ppt課件

1、這個(gè)世界的啟示在荒野: The introduction of ThoreauHenry David Thoreau - American essayist, philosopher, poet, pacifist, individualist Henry D. Thoreau is one of Americas most important 19th century literary figures. He is famous for the literary excellence of his nature and political writings and best known fo

2、r his time spent at Walden Pond and the work that came out of that experience - Walden, or, Life in the Woods.:Thoreau was a man full of dreams and ideals, writing about nature and philosophy of life. He spoke out on many social issues such as peace, living simply, abolishing slavery, and was a vigo

3、rous advocate of civil liberties. He is regarded as one of Americas most influential writers.: Early life and education Thoreau studied at Harvard University between 1833 and 1837. Upon graduation Thoreau returned home to Concord , where he was introduced to a circle of local writers and thinkers.:

4、Thoreau was a philosopher of nature and its relation to the human condition. In his early years he followed Transcendentalism:Transcendentalism a loose and eclectic idealist philosophy advocated by Emerson, They held that an ideal spiritual state transcends, or goes beyond, the physical and empirica

5、l, and that one achieves that insight via personal intuition rather than religious doctrine. In their view, Nature is the outward sign of inward spirit, expressing the “radical correspondence of visible things and human thoughts” by Emerson: Late years: 1851-1862 In 1851, Thoreau became fascinated w

6、ith natural history and travel/expedition narratives. He read avidly on botany and often wrote observations on this topic into his Journal:Thoreaus writings had far reaching influences on many public figures. Political leaders and reformers like Mahatma Gandhi, President John F. Kennedy, civil right

7、s activist Martin Luther King , and feminist Emma Goldman also appreciated Thoreau, and referred to him as “the greatest American anarchist”.:Walden Pond The work is part personal declaration of independence, social experiment, voyage of spiritual discovery, satire, and manual for self-reliance.2 Pu

8、blished in 1854, it details Thoreaus experiences over the course of two years in a cabin he built near Walden Pond, amidst woodland owned by his friend and mentor Ralph Waldo Emerson, near Concord, Massachusetts.: By immersing himself in nature, Thoreau hoped to gain a more objective understanding o

9、f society through personal introspection. Simple living and self-sufficiency were Thoreaus other goals, and the whole project was inspired by transcendentalist philosophy, a central theme of the American Romantic Period. As Thoreau made clear in his book, his cabin was not in wilderness but at the e

10、dge of town, about two miles (3 km) from his family home.:I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what w

11、as not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a c

12、orner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion. Henry David Thoreau3: T

13、horeau opens this chapter by warning against relying too much on literature as a means of transcendence. Instead, one should experience life for oneself. Solitude: Thoreau rhapsodizes about the beneficial effects of living solitary and close to nature. He claims to love being alone, saying I never f

14、ound the companion that was so companionable as solitude. :His opinions I wish to speak a word for Nature, for absolute freedom and wildness, as contrasted with a freedom and culture merely civilto regard man as an inhabitant, or a part and parcel of Nature, rather than a member of society. Here is

15、this vast, savage, hovering mother of ours, Nature, lying all around, with such beauty, and such affection for her children, as the leopard; and yet we are so early weaned from her breast to society, to that culture which is exclusively an interaction of man on man.: We are often made to feel that t

16、here is another youth and age than that which is measured from the year of our natural birth. Some thoughts always find us young, and keep us so. Such a thought is the love of the universal and eternal beauty: If the day and the night make one joyful, one is successful. If a man does not keep pace w

17、ith his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away. By doing so, men may find happiness and self-fulfillment. : The news we hear, for the most part, is not news to our genius. It is the stalest repetition. Su

18、stain yourself by the life you live, not by exchanging your life for money and living off that. Dont waste conversation and attention on the superficial trivialities and gossip of the daily news, but attend to things of more import: “Read not the Times. Read the Eternities.” Henry David Thoreau :The

19、 standard of happiness I look down from my height on nations, And they become ashes before me; Calm is my dwelling in the clouds; Pleasant are the great fields of my rest. :我從自己的高度俯視眾國(guó)他們?cè)谖颐媲盎癁榛覊m平靜是我云端的寓所愉悅系我休憩的溫床: Go confidently in the direction of your dreams! Live the life youve imagined. As you s

20、implify your life, the laws of the universe will be simpler. In what concerns you much, do not think that you have companions: know that you are alone in the world. : Be true to your work, your word, and your friend. Cultivate the habit of early rising. It is unwise to keep the head long on a level

21、with the feet. Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also a prison. : If one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours. If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be. Now put the foundations under them. It is as hard to see ones self as to look backwards without turning aro