非謂語知識樹

1、非謂語系列（一）在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的各種句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞也是動詞的一種，他們有著動詞的其他特點，可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、狀語等。非謂語動詞與謂語動詞是相對的概念。非謂語動詞有三大基本形式：動詞不定時：to be/do（表示將來的動作，動作的趨向）動名詞/動詞現(xiàn)在分詞：being/doing（表示主動，進(jìn)行）動詞過去分詞：been/done（表示被動，完成）所能充當(dāng)?shù)某煞种髡Z表語賓語賓語補足語定語狀語V-ing形式現(xiàn)在分詞動名詞不定式（to do） 過去分詞(done)非謂語形式構(gòu)成時態(tài)語態(tài)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)否定式主動被動不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb.

2、 to do sth.或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加not或never完成式to have doneto have been done進(jìn)行式to be doing/完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing/動名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doingbeing donesb.或sbs doing作主語要用sbs doing在前加not特別注意復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式： sbs not doingsbs not having done完成式having donehaving been done過去分詞done在前加not非謂語動詞考點辨別謂語動詞和非謂語動詞1: Blood if you

3、can and many lives will be saved.A: Giving B: Give C: Given D:To give2:The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A: being weighed B: weighs C: weighed D: weighing非謂語動詞作主語和表語（不定式和動名詞）1、 不定式作主語和表語表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)淼膭幼饔貌欢ㄊ?；動名詞作主語和表語表示一般

4、的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的行為用動名詞。如： _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全國卷) A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 如： What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bike. (上海卷) A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it m

5、ore difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. (上海卷) A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure（注意：一句話中同時出現(xiàn)非謂語動詞作主語和表

6、語，非謂語形式要一致）非謂語動詞作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，用來說明主語的性質(zhì)和特征，相當(dāng)于形容詞，其主語通常是物。一般跟在連系動詞be，get，be，come，look，sound，feel，keep，remain，grow，seem，appear等后面。 The story sounds interesting這個故事聽起來很有趣。 The news was disappointing這個消息令人失望?！军c津】動名詞也可以作表語，此時主語和表語是對等關(guān)系，可以互換位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows（=Cleaning the windows

7、is your task）你的任務(wù)是擦窗戶。過去分詞作表語1. 及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是被動關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，既表示被動，又表示完成。 The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 這座城市三面環(huán)山。2. 有些動詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是主動關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，只表示動作的完成。 He is retired. 他已退休。 The audience are seated. 觀眾們已經(jīng)就坐了。 I am fully dressed up.我已經(jīng)穿好衣服了。 I go

8、t distracted by the noise. 因為噪音，我分心了。【注意】過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語，主要是表示主語的狀態(tài)，而被動語態(tài)則表示動作。 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我妹妹打碎的。（是被動語態(tài)，表示動作） The library is now closed. 圖書館關(guān)門了。（過去分詞作表語） 【注意】過去分詞表示被動或完成, -ing 形式表示主動或進(jìn)行。有些動詞如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其過去分詞形式來修

9、飾人，用 -ing 形式來修飾物。 The book is interesting and Im interested in it. 這本書很有趣，我對它很感興趣。不定式作表語1主語和表語都是不定式（其含義往往一是條件，一是結(jié)果），如： To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.2主語是以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, proposal, job, sugges

10、tion 等為中心詞的名詞詞組，或以 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示，后面的不定式說明其內(nèi)容，如： My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. Your mistake was not to write that letter. My suggestion is to start work at once. What I would suggest is to start work at once. As we joined the big crowd, I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. sp

11、ared C. lost D. missed _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 非謂語動詞作賓語動名詞可作動詞和介詞的賓語動詞不定式一般作動詞的賓語，疑問詞to do可作介詞的賓語。They preferred walking to school to cycling. They preferred to stay at home rather than go

12、out in such hot weather.Our English teacher often gives us some advice on how to learn English.I really dont know what to do.注意一下動詞后接不同非謂語形式表達(dá)的意思：remember to do remember doing forget to do forget doingregret to do regret doingstop to do stop doinggo on to do go on doingmean to do mean doingtry to do

13、 try doingcant help doing cant help (to) docant help but doconsider.to be consider doingwant doing/to be done want to doneed doing/to be done need to dorequire doing/to be done require to do 1: I like reading books of this kind, but I dont like to read that book. 2: She prefer walking to cycling. 3:

14、 I prefer to stay at home today.非謂語動詞作賓語補足語1 過去分詞作賓語補足語：過去分詞作賓語補足語時，句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯主語，該動詞與賓語之間存在動賓關(guān)系。Ill have my house painted tomorrow.When I opened the door，I found the ground covered by fallen leaves.練習(xí)： The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. t

15、o be tied D. tied 2.以下感官使役動詞后加賓補要加省略to的不定式，但是此類動詞如為被動語態(tài)要還原to。五看：look at,see, watch, observe, notice +sb do三使：have,let,make +sb do 二聽：hear,listen to +sb do一感覺：feel +sb do 半幫：help +sb (to) do如：I made him do such terrible thing.He was made to do such terrible thing by me.非謂語動詞作賓語補足語中，主句謂語動詞如為see, hear,

16、 notice，feel,observe,等感官動詞表示聽到、看到、注意到某人做某事時，三種非謂語動詞表示的概念不一樣。 動詞+賓語+doing When I came in, I saw her dancing happily. 動詞+賓語+do I saw him go to the cinema. 動詞+賓語+done We heard the song sung by her next door. 動詞+賓語+being done We heard the song being sung next door.真題1. Listen！Do you hear someone _ for h

17、elp?AcallingBcall Cto callDcalled2 Alexander tried to get his work _in the medical circles.Ato recognizeBrecognizing CrecognizeDrecognized3 Its wonderful to hike with Dad and I have felt _with him.Ato protectedBprotected CprotectingDto be protected使役動詞后接三種形式作賓補時，其中have，get表示“使、讓、叫”之意。1 have sth. don

18、eget sth. done Ill have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.Mr Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.2. have/get sb. /sth. doing I wont have you speaking to your dad like that. We cant have the machine working for that long hours.3. have sb. do sth. Ill have my assistant make a draf

19、t of the proposal.4. have sth to do/to be doneThey still have lots of tasks to accomplish before the deadline.Mr Jay has some laundry to be done immediately.真題1 I have a lot of readings _before the end of this term.AcompletingBto complete Ccompleted Dbeing completed2With the world changing fast，we h

20、ave something new _ with all by ourselves every day.Adeal Bdealt Cto deal Ddealing3 Every year，Tom remembers to have some flowers _to her mother on her birthday.AsendBsent CsendingDbeing sent非謂語動詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 單個的現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)前置定語，分詞短語充當(dāng)后置定語。但是，完成式的現(xiàn)在分詞不能用作定語。 The swimming boy is my elder brother正在游泳的男孩是我的哥哥。

21、 Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise告訴那邊正在玩的男孩們不要制造噪。The meeting last week is very important.（hold）Tell the children there not to make so much noise.（play）They lived in a room the south.（face）I hate to see letters in pencil.（write） Im afraid well have to work extra hours, for ther

22、e are still some problems .A. remaining to settle B. Remaining to be settledC. Remaining to talk about D. to remain to discuss.過去分詞作定語作定語用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，只表完成。 1. 過去分詞用作定語，如果是單個的，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我們必須使我

23、們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。 2. 過去分詞短語用作定語時，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，但較從句簡潔，多用于書面語中。 The concert given by their friends was a success.他們朋友舉行的音樂會大為成功。3.過去分詞短語有時也可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號。 (1)The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會，到會的有五千多人。3. Prices of daily goods _ throug

24、h a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 4. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing 5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _

25、behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語1不定式作定語通常只能放在被修飾的名詞之后，如： Its time to go to bed. He is not a man to bow before difficulties. Have you anything to declare? She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evening. I want to get something to read during the

26、 vocation.2能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語的動詞，轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞時往往也能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語，如： I dont wish to quarrel with you. I have no wish to quarrel with you. They will attempt to cross the river tonight. They will make another attempt to cross the river tonight. She promised not to do that again. She made a promise not to do that again.3某些

27、能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的形容詞，轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞時，也能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語，如： He was obviously anxious to go. His anxiety to go was obvious.4不定式結(jié)構(gòu)與所修飾的名詞，有時意義上有著主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系，如： He has a large family to support (= that he must support).注：處于動賓關(guān)系的情況下，如果不定式是不及物動詞，它后面應(yīng)加上必要的介詞，如： She has a lot of things to attend to. The nurse has five children to lo