2016屆中考英語-語法整合復(fù)習(xí)-第4課時-數(shù)詞-牛津版

1、第4課時數(shù)詞1. 近幾年中考對數(shù)詞的考查主要是對基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及其用法上。日期、時間和分?jǐn)?shù)也是中考考查的考點。題型將以選擇題、詞匯運用和完形填空為主。2. 數(shù)詞考查往往與其他知識點考查結(jié)合進行,如主謂一致等。3. 預(yù)計2016對數(shù)詞的考查重點仍然是基數(shù)詞確數(shù)和概數(shù)的區(qū)分以及序數(shù)詞拼寫和應(yīng)用。一、 數(shù)詞概述表示數(shù)目多少或是順序先后的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。二、 基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目多少的詞是基數(shù)詞。1. 最基本的數(shù)詞:120:one;two;three;four;five;six;seven;eight;nine;ten;eleven;twelve;thirteen;fourteen;

2、fifteen;sixteen;seventeen;eighteen;nineteen;twenty;30 thirty;40 forty;50 fifty;60 sixty;70 seventy;80 eighty;90 ninety;100 a hundred;1000 a thousand;1000000 a million;1000000000 a billion2. 基數(shù)詞112是獨立單詞,所以我們必須逐個記憶?；鶖?shù)詞1319是個位數(shù)詞的詞干后加teen構(gòu)成。其中thirteen,fifteen,eighteen變化不規(guī)則?；鶖?shù)詞2090是在十位數(shù)詞后面加ty構(gòu)成?；鶖?shù)詞2199是在

3、十位數(shù)詞后面加個位數(shù)詞合成,中間加上連字符號“-”。如:21 twenty-one;83 eighty-three3. 基數(shù)詞101999,先說“幾百”,再加and,再加末尾兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù),基數(shù)詞三位以上的數(shù)詞,在百位與十位之間,一般要加連詞“and”。4. 英語中沒有“萬”和“億”,萬也用thousand來表示,億也用million來表示,按十進位來推算。如:10000 ten thousand100000000 a hundred million67876 sixty-seven thousand eight hundred and seventy-six5. 在dozen,score,h

4、undred,million,billion前如果有具體數(shù)字,它們不能加“s”;反之則須加“s”表示不確切的數(shù)量。如:two hundred people;thousands of people。三、 基數(shù)詞的用法1. 編號的事物用基數(shù)詞Number 1 第1號Page 11 第11頁Lesson 28 第28課Room 123 第123號房間案例(2015· 四川宜賓·1分)In this test,were asked to write a passage of about . A. 80-wordsB. 80-word C. 80 wordsD. 80 wo

5、rds 【解析】本題考查數(shù)詞作定語的用法。根據(jù)所給選項判斷,80個單詞是數(shù)詞作定語,修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞?！敬鸢浮?C(2013·廣東·29·1分)Excuse me,sir. Heres a package for Lin Tao. Which room does he live in?. A. 308 RoomB. Room 308C. The Room 308D. The 308 Room【解析】 本題考查數(shù)詞的用法。在表示編號的事物前用基數(shù)詞,名詞的首字母要大寫,因此這里用Room 308來表示?！敬鸢浮?B2. 年、月、日的表達順序通常是月、日、年,也

6、可以是日、月、年,其中年份用基數(shù)詞,日期用序數(shù)詞。如:1988年6月24日:June 24th,1988或24th June,19883. 時刻的表達用基數(shù)詞。如:Its six oclock. 現(xiàn)在是六點鐘。4. 表示倍數(shù)用基數(shù)詞。如:Two times two is four. 二乘以二等于四。5. 加減乘除的數(shù)字用基數(shù)詞。如:One plus one is two. 一加一等于二。6. 百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)詞表示,百分號%讀作percent。如:20%讀作twenty percent7. 分?jǐn)?shù)的表達,分子須用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,分子如果大于一,分母須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。整數(shù)與分?jǐn)?shù)之間須用and連接。如

7、:Two thirds of the students are boys in our class.我們班三分之二是男生。五又四分之三 讀作 five and three fourths案例(2015·四川宜賓·1分)David Beckham has children. Brooklyn Beckham is his son. A. third;firstB. three;one C. three;firstD. third;one 【解析】本題考查數(shù)詞的用法。根據(jù)所給選項判斷,名詞之前應(yīng)該用基數(shù)詞作定語;后一個空應(yīng)該用序數(shù)詞作名詞son的定語,因為該句要說明的

8、是3個孩子中Beckham是他的第一個兒子?！敬鸢浮?C8. 小數(shù)用基數(shù)表示,小數(shù)點前的整數(shù)按基數(shù)詞的規(guī)則表示,小數(shù)點寫作point,小數(shù)點后的數(shù)字應(yīng)將數(shù)字直接表示出來。如:1.23讀作one point two three9. 基數(shù)詞在句子中主要作定語、主語、賓語或介詞賓語、表語等。I have two books. 我有兩本書。(定語)Two of the girls are from Beijing.姑娘中有兩個來自北京。(主語)I want two. 我要兩個。(賓語)He is four. 他四歲。(表語)10. 數(shù)詞+名詞(+形容詞)作定語,名詞用單數(shù)形式。如:a 35-year-

9、old lady一位35歲的女士11. 兩組與數(shù)詞有關(guān)的介詞短語:(1)in+定冠詞+數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示年代。如:in the 1970s或 1970s20世紀(jì)70年代(2)in+物主代詞+數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示某人的年齡。如:in ones twenties二十幾歲有時在物主代詞的后面可加上形容詞early或late使其含義更確切些。如:The young lady is at most at her early thirties.那位年輕女士最多三十出頭。案例(2015·福建福州·1分)In his ,Wilson returned to his hometown an

10、d began to teach. A. thirtyB. thirtiesC. thirtieth【解析】本題考查基數(shù)詞的用法。in+物主代詞+數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示某人的年齡,所以這里用in his thirties來表示“在他三十多歲時”?！敬鸢浮?B四、 序數(shù)詞用法1. 表示數(shù)目順序的詞叫序數(shù)詞。first 第一;second 第二;third 第三;fourth 第四;fifth 第五;sixth 第六;seventh 第七;eighth 第八;ninth 第九;tenth 第十;eleventh 第十一;twelfth 第十二;thirteenth 第十三;nineteen

11、th 第十九;twentieth 第二十;thirtieth 第三十;fortieth 第四十;fifty-first 第五十一;sixty-second 第六十二;eighty-third 第八十三;ninety-fourth 第九十四2. 序數(shù)詞119除第一,第二,第三,第五,第八,第九,第十二變化不規(guī)則外,其余均在基數(shù)詞后面加上th。3. 十位整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是將十位整數(shù)基數(shù)詞的詞尾y變成i再加eth。4. 幾十幾的序數(shù)詞,只是把個位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞,十位數(shù)不變。5. 序數(shù)詞主要用作定語,表語。前面要加定冠詞the。如:We live on the fourth floor. 我們住四

12、樓。Who was the third?誰是第三名?五、 基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞助記歌基變序,有規(guī)律,末尾加上th;一,二,三特殊記,八加h,九去e,ve要用f替;以y結(jié)尾變ie,后跟th莫忘記;若想表示幾十幾,只變個位就可以。特殊:onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,nineninth,twelvetwelfth,fortyfortieth,eighty-nineeighty-ninth復(fù)習(xí)分?jǐn)?shù)表示法時,應(yīng)記住:分子基數(shù)分母序,二者單復(fù)要一致,如果遇到假分?jǐn)?shù),and將其連一起。案例(2015·山東聊城·1)Christmas Day i

13、s on of December. A. twenty-fiveB. the twenty-five C. twenty-fifthD. the twenty-fifth 【解析】本題考查數(shù)詞的用法。表示日期應(yīng)該用序數(shù)詞?！敬鸢浮?D(2015·貴州黔西南·15·1分)Which is the biggest number of the four?.  A. One thirdB. Two thirdsC. A halfD. A quarter 【解析】本題考查分?jǐn)?shù)的用法。疑問句是詢問四個選項中最大數(shù)字。A項三分之一;B項三分之二;C項二分之一

14、;C項四分之一。【答案】 B六、 數(shù)詞的讀法從后往前數(shù),每隔三位加一逗號;第一個三位前讀thousand,第二個三位前讀million,第三個三位前讀billion。年代的讀法是兩位數(shù)的讀法。七、 確數(shù)和概數(shù)(略數(shù))的表達法數(shù)詞+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名詞復(fù)數(shù);hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如:We can see millions of stars at night.夜晚我們看見無數(shù)顆星星。There are two hundred students in our grade. 我們年級有

15、兩百個學(xué)生。案例(2015·山東東營·24)When he arrived at the airport,Lee Minho found that fans were waiting for him there. A. hundredB. hundredsC. hundred ofD. hundreds of【解析】考查數(shù)詞固定搭配的用法。數(shù)詞hundred與介詞of連用時,必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！敬鸢浮?D八、 與冠詞的關(guān)系1. 序數(shù)詞前要加定冠詞the,但是基數(shù)詞前不加冠詞。如:Its the first time that I came here.這是我第一次來這

16、兒。2. a/an+序數(shù)詞,表示“又一,再一”。如:Im still hungry. Could I have a second cake?我還是很餓,我可以再吃塊蛋糕嗎?3. of the+基數(shù)詞,表示“范圍”。如:Tom is the tallest of the three.湯姆是這三個人當(dāng)中最高的。案例(2015·山東萊蕪 ·62)Brazil will hold the (twenty) FIFA World Cup on June 12th,2015. 【解析】本題考查序數(shù)詞的用法。由句中的定冠詞the判斷,此處應(yīng)該用序數(shù)詞?！敬鸢浮?twentiet

17、h例1序數(shù)詞的使用。(2015·天津·1分) month of the year is May. A. TwoB. The secondC. FiveD. The fifth 【解析】本題考查數(shù)詞的用法。根據(jù)句意判斷,一年中的第5個月份是May,應(yīng)該用基數(shù)詞數(shù)詞來表示?！敬鸢浮?D例2基數(shù)詞的使用。(2015·江蘇模擬·1分)We dont have enough nurses to look after the patients. At least are needed. A. ten another nursesB. more t

18、en nursesC. other ten nursesD. another ten nurses【解析】本題考查基數(shù)詞的用法?？疾楣潭ù钆??！皵?shù)詞+more+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”和“another+數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”都表示“另外個”?！敬鸢浮?D例3基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的區(qū)別。(2015·江蘇泰州·12)About of the earth covered with water,but we have less and less available fresh water. A. three-fourth;isB. three-fourths;isC. three-fou

19、rth;areD. three-fourths;are【解析】本題考查數(shù)詞的用法。因為表示“四分之三”用three-fourths來表示;分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。又因為主語earth是單數(shù)名詞,因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;因此用is做謂語?！敬鸢浮?B例4確數(shù)和概數(shù)的區(qū)分。(2015·江蘇模擬·1分)Every year people in the USA lose their jobs. A. many millionsB. millions ofC. millionsD. two millions【解析】本題考查數(shù)詞的用法。句意:每年美國數(shù)百萬人失業(yè)。mill

20、ion前面有具體數(shù)字,不能加s,所以排除D;當(dāng)million修飾名詞時,后面需加of,millions of“數(shù)百萬的”,因此排除A、C兩項?！敬鸢浮?B一、 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. (2015·江蘇揚州·55·1分)Two (five) of the students have read the bookAlice in Wonderland.  2. (2015·江蘇徐州·49·1分)Jane would like to live on the (three) floor.  3. (2015·江

21、蘇鹽城·64·1分)Wang Yaping,Chinas (two) woman astronaut,gave us students a lesson about space science last year. 4. (2013· 江蘇南京· 55· 1分)The Eiffel Tower,a cultural icon of France,was completed at the end of the (nineteen) century.  5. (2013·江蘇鹽城·61·1分)Wor

22、ld Environment Day is on the (five) of June.  6. (2013·貴州畢節(jié)·62·1分)This is Toms (第四) time to Beijing.  7. (2013· 江蘇泰州· 8·1分)We organized a lot of activities to celebrate our schools (fifty) birthday last month.  8. (2013·甘肅白銀·23·1分)I need to

23、 go to the library,and if I post the letter on the way,Ill be killing two birds with (first) stone. 9. (2013·江蘇常州·46·1分)Excuse me,how far is the museum?Only (三) stops away.  10. (2013·江蘇連云港·46·1分)Its said the game Angry Birds has been downloaded (百萬) of times.

24、  二、 單項選擇1. (2015·山東濟南·42)This is Tonys visit to Jinan. He has been here once before. A. firstB. secondC. twoD. one2. (2015· 湖北鄂州·28)Have you seen the CCTV news on TV?Yes, children had a good festival on the childrens Day. A. millions of;sixtyB. ten million;sixtyC.

25、 millions of;sixtiethD. ten millions;sixtieth3. (2015·廣東·29)Its never too old to learn. Karl Marx began to learn English in his . A. the fiftiethB. fiftiethC. fiftyD. fifties4. Good news!We will have a holiday.  Ive heard of it. But its coming in . A. three days;three days t

26、imeB. three days;three daysC. three-day;three daysD. three days;three day time5. Wang Yaping will become Chinas woman astronaut into space after Liu Yang. A. twoB. secondC. the second6. Each of us has to write a report every two weeks.  A. two-hundred-wordB. two-hundreds-wordC. two-hundreds-wordsD. two-hundred-words7. To many foreigners,Guangzhou has become their hometown. A. twoB. secondC. the second8. The boy stayed in the library for every day. A. one