Grammar-動(dòng)詞的ing形式作定語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語

1、Grammar 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語1、 作定語：動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語時(shí)起下列作用：1. 說明被修飾名詞的功能或用途，這時(shí)，一般是單個(gè) v.-ing 而不是短語，放在被修飾的名詞前面?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成“for + v.-ing”短語修飾該名詞。這時(shí)的v.-ing是動(dòng)名詞。e.g. a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping 睡袋 a reading room = a room for reading 閱覽室 a drinking cup = a cup for drinking 飲用杯 a writing desk = a desk for wr

2、iting 寫字臺(tái) a washing machine 洗衣機(jī) a swimming pool 游泳池 a dancing hall 舞廳2. 說明名詞的動(dòng)作、特征、或性質(zhì)。這時(shí)的v.-ing 是現(xiàn)在分詞，它與被修飾的名詞是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。單個(gè)的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)放在被修飾名詞的前面，?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成定語從句。e.g. a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping a drinking horse = a horse which is drinking a moving story = a story which moves people a terrifying s

3、ound = a sound which terrifies people an inspiring leader = a leader who inspires people現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語時(shí)要后置，即放在被修飾名詞的后面。常可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句。e.g. The girl swimming in the river (who is swimming in the river) is good at dancing. Do you know the man standing / (who is standing ) at the door? The boy studying / (who is

4、 studying) in the classroom is our monitor. 作定語用的v.-ing 是動(dòng)名詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞并不重要。重要的是要掌握v.-ing 做定語的用法。實(shí)際上，當(dāng)代一些著名語法專家已把動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞統(tǒng)稱為v.-ing 分詞而不予細(xì)分了。2、 作表語：動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式作表語時(shí)起下列作用：1. 說明主語的內(nèi)容，可換到句首做主語。這時(shí)的v-ing 形式是動(dòng)名詞。e.g. The real problem is getting to know the needs of people. Her job is teaching children to dance. =

5、 Teaching children to dance is her job.2. 說明主語的特征。這時(shí)的v.-ing 形式是現(xiàn)在分詞。它與主語是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，意思是“使人 . 的”e.g. The situation is encouraging. What he said just now is confusing. (confuse). The news is shocking. (shock).能這樣用的現(xiàn)在分詞最常見的還有：astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring,

6、 moving, tiring, interesting, surprising, charming, exciting, missing, puzzling, frightening.3、 作賓語補(bǔ)足語：動(dòng)詞的-v.-ing形式能跟在賓語后面，對(duì)其作補(bǔ)充說明，因此稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語，通常簡稱為“賓補(bǔ)”。1. 這時(shí)的v.-ing 形式是現(xiàn)在分詞，它與賓語是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。e.g. When I arrived at the reading room, I found many students reading carefully there. Children like to watch the

7、 PLA men training (train) on the drill-ground. Dont you see a girl running (run) towards us?2. 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，主要用于以下兩類動(dòng)詞后： 表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, listen to, notice, observe 等。 e.g. When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. Suddenly we heard som

8、eone knocking gently on the window.在see, hear, feel, watch等感官動(dòng)詞后，既可用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，也可以用省略to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。用動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；用省略to 的不定式時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。 e.g. I saw a boy getting on the bus. (表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行) I saw a boy get on the bus. （表示動(dòng)作的完成了） Do you hear someone knocking (knock) at the door? ( 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行 ) I

9、heard someone knock at the door three times. ( 表示完整的動(dòng)作 ) 表示使意義的使役動(dòng)詞：(have, let, keep, get, leave.) + sb./sth. + doing sth. e.g. We kept the fire burning all night long. I wont have you running about in the room.語法專練I. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. Do you know the boy who lies under the tree? . Do you know the boy lying un

10、der the tree?2. The picture that hangs on the wall is painted by my nephew. . The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my nephew.3. We can see that steam is rising from the wet clothes. . We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.4. Not until Jane got off the bus did she find her wallet was

11、missing. . Not until Jane got off the bus did she find her wallet missing.5. Frank is very good at telling funny jokes. We are amused by him. . Frank is very good at telling funny jokes. He can be very amusing.II. 用括號(hào)所給詞的正確形式填空。1. Do you know the name of the play being put on (put on) now?2. Her job

12、 is keeping (keep) the lecture hall as clean as possible.3. Returning (return) to my apartment, I found my bag missing. (miss).4. Did you hear the dog downstairs barking (bark) for most of the night?5. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking (smoke) in the kitchen.6. Helen had to sho

13、ut to make (make) herself heard (hear) above the sound of the music.7. The bell indicating (indicate) the end of the period rang, interrupting (interrupt) our heated discussion 8. The volleyball match was so exciting (excite) that we all got excited (excite) after watching it.9. We heard then quarre

14、ling (quarrel)about money after the concert. They looked very angry.10. The villagers saw the fire burning (burn) brightly in the distance. When they hurried there, they found some houses burned/burnt (burn) to the ground already.11. I dont see anyone take (take) away your paper. It might have been

15、flown by the wind.12. During the days to come (come) well make food preparations for the sports meeting,13. Einstein was on of the greatest scientist respected (respect) by the people.14. We were all very surprised (surprise) at the news. I found it very surprising.15. He gave us an inspiring (inspire) speech. We were all inspired (inspire).III. 單句改錯(cuò)1. I was confusing by his strange questions. confused2. The dish smelt good was cooked by my mother. Smelling3. The boy went home, sad with his money stealing. stolen4. He was so thirsty that he drank a lot of boiling water.