初中-中考英語現在完成時時態(tài)仔細講解與習題

1、初中現在完成時時態(tài)講解一、注意弄清時態(tài)的實際意義 現在完成時表示的是在過去某個時間開始并持續(xù)到現在的動作/狀態(tài),或者過去的動作或狀態(tài)對現在造成的影響或結果。They have left. -他們已經離開了,也就是說現在他們人不在這里I have had my lunch. -我已經吃過午飯了,也就是說我現在不餓也可表示持續(xù)到現在的動作或狀態(tài)，或有可能有可能停止，或有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。 He has learned English since 2001. -從2001年開始學的,現在還在繼續(xù)學著呢二、基本句型結構 現在完成時的構成形式： have /has (助動詞)+done(過去分詞)I/Y

2、ou/They/We have talked . He/She has talked.現在完成時的否定結構就是在助動詞have或has后加上否定詞not；I/You/They/We havent(have not) talked . He/She hasnt(has not) talked.其一般疑問句就是將助動詞have或has提到句首，Have I/You/They/We talked . Has he/she talked.肯定的簡略回答是：Yes，主語have/has.，否定的簡略回答是：No，主語have/has not.。如：I have seen the film. Have y

3、ou seen the film？ Yes， I have./No， I havent.三、 注意掌握兩種基本用法1. “過去的經歷”：動作發(fā)生在過去的某一時刻且已經結束，但未說明動作發(fā)生的具體時間或情景，強調該經歷(即動作發(fā)生后)對現在所造成的影響或產生的結果。如： I have heard of the man. 我聽說過這個人。 2. “完成情況”：表示過去已經開始并持續(xù)到現在的動作或狀態(tài)，或有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。句子中一般有說明其完成情況的短語或從句。句子中有“已發(fā)生了多久”的時間狀語的短語或從句。如：l I have lived in Shanghai since I was ten

4、years old. 我從十歲起就住在上海。說明“到說話時為止，已完成了多少”。即句中，含有表示“完成了多少”的賓語或表示動作發(fā)生次數的狀語。如：I have read the book three times. 這本書我看了三遍。 四一般過去時與現在完成時的區(qū)別1）一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作； 現在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。I saw this film yesterday.（強調看的動作發(fā)生過了。）I have seen this film. （強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了。）2）一般過去時常與具體的表示過去

5、的時間狀語連用; 現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now,from.on, - 具體的過去時間狀語現在完成時的時間狀語: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的時間狀語句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，

6、要用過去時 （錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.3）現在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。She joined the League three years ago. (加入的動作不

7、是延續(xù)的)She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在團內的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))五比較延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞 延續(xù)動詞表示經驗、經歷；瞬間動詞表示行為的結 果，不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。He has finished the work.他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)Ive known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(

8、表經歷)注意延續(xù)性動詞和短暫性動詞的用法1. 短暫性動詞與短暫性時間(時間點)連用。如：l He joined the Party three years ago. 他入黨三年了。(他三年前入黨的)2. 用“It is/has been時間段since”句型。如：It is/has been three years since I bought the book. 這本書我買了三年了。(從買這本書起到現在已三年了)3. 用相應的延續(xù)性動詞替換短暫性動詞，句中謂語動詞用現在完成時，時間狀語為“for時間段”或“since時間點”。如：He has been in the Greener Chin

9、a for three years.-He has been a member of the Greener China fot three years.他加入“綠色中國”已經三年了。 The old man died 4 years ago.  -The old man has been dead for 4 years.    He joined the Party 2 years ago.   -He has been in the Party for 2 years.     

10、I bought the book 5 days ago.  - I have had the book for 5 days. 英語延續(xù)動詞與非延續(xù)動詞的轉換 延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延續(xù)性動詞可以與表示時間段的狀語連用。   表示時間段的短語有: for+一段時間:for 2 years; since從句,since he came here; since+

11、時間點名詞,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。非延續(xù)性動詞也稱終止性動詞、瞬間動詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動作,這種動作發(fā)生后立即結束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。非延續(xù)性動詞在肯定句中與表示時間點的狀語連用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago. 延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉換 leave - be away borrow

12、 - keep buy - have begin/start - be on die - be dead finish - be overopen sth - keep sth open fall ill -  be ill get up-be upcatch a cold - have a cold come here - be here go there - be therebecome - be come back - be back fall asleep - be asleepget to/ arrive/reach - be (in) leave - be away fr

13、om get to know - knowgo (get) out be out put on wear比較since和forsince 用來說明動作起始時間 “自從”for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度 “長達”I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.注意：并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成

14、時 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現在已不在這里工作。) I have worked here for many years.(現在我仍在這里工作。)比較 have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been inHe went to Shanghai last week 上周他做了一件事:那就是去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾經)到/去過上海 在他人生中曾經有過這樣的經歷,但他人現在肯定不是在上海而是回來了He has gone to Shanghai. 他已經

15、去上海了 也許剛動身出發(fā),也許已經到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里He has been in Shanghai for 10 years. 他呆在上海迄今為止已經10年了 現在還在上海沒有離開呢He lived in Shanghai for 10 years. 以前他在上海住過10年 現在不在上海了延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉化1. He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2

16、 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7. The film beg

17、an 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined

18、the army. 現在完成時專項練習一、單項選擇。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）. knew. have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already.never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just. ago.before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book

19、 in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well. changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studi

20、ed. are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?. will they go. did they go. do they go . have

21、they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten

22、years ago . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is. has. will. was16、 Miss Green isn'

23、;t in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in. have been to. have gone to. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, _? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、has Mr White been a member of G

24、reener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型轉換。1、He has never surfed, _ ?（改成反意疑問句） 2、They have been here since 20

25、00. (提問) _ have they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He _for a year. (die) （動詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉換) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉換)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother

26、 _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉換) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個句子合并成一個句子) _ 三、漢譯英。1、吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現在有空了。_2、他昨天收到一封信。_3、我父親以前到過長城。_4、她還沒有看過那部新電影。_5、她去過上海。_6、他這些天上哪兒去了？_參考答案：一、單

27、項選擇。1、現在完成時主要強調過去發(fā)生的動作對現在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結束，一直持續(xù)到現在或將來，重點在于對現在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側根據上下文分析、推理，正確答案是。2、現在完成時常與already（已經），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應選B。3、C4、現在完成時常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現在的。故4應選D。5、C6、現在完成時時常與“for +時間段或since +過去時間點”連用（含從句，從句過去時）。故6應選C。7、C8、現在完成時還與once（一次），twice（兩次