定語從句用法總結(jié)

1、 定語從句用法總結(jié)一. 定義：定語由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)，那么這個(gè)句子就叫做定語從句。eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.其中劃線部分為定語從句。二. 分類：分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句，還有間隔性定語從句。eg: 1.This is the school (that/which)we visited last year. （限制性定語從句） 2.The weather turned out to be very good,which was more

2、than we could expect. （非限制性定語從句） 3.The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.（ 間隔性定語從句）注：定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句無逗號隔開、不可缺少、起修飾限制作用；而非限制性定語從句有逗號隔開、可有可無、起補(bǔ)充說明作用。三. 構(gòu)成：定語從句有先行詞、引導(dǎo)詞和從句構(gòu)成。先行詞是定語從句所修飾限制的名詞或代詞。引導(dǎo)詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。eg: The old town has narrow streets and

3、 small houses that are built close to each other.此句中先行詞為：narrow streets and small houses,引導(dǎo)詞為：that， 定語從句為：that are built close to each other四基本原則定語從句中不能出現(xiàn)與先行詞在意義上相一致的詞Eg.This is the book that I like it best .(it 與book指同一物，所以要去掉。)五定語從句中常見考點(diǎn)： 考點(diǎn)一.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的辨別1. 關(guān)系代詞that（人、物），which（物）、who(m)（人）、whose（某

4、人的，某物的）、as2. 關(guān)系副詞when（表時(shí)間）、where（表地點(diǎn)）、why（表原因）注：關(guān)系副詞可變?yōu)椤敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)（即：關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞）。eg:This is the mountain village where(=in which)I stayed last month.3. 怎樣選擇正確的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞方法一：找出先行詞和定語從句中動(dòng)詞，看定從中動(dòng)詞與先行詞能否構(gòu)成習(xí)慣搭配。能，用關(guān)系代詞；不能，用關(guān)系副詞.Eg.I will never forget the day that I spent with my parents.(定從中動(dòng)詞spent 與先行詞

5、the day 構(gòu)成spent the day ,所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which或省略) 方法二：找出先行詞和定語從句，看定語從句是否缺少主語、賓語或表語，如缺少，用關(guān)系代詞。如不缺少，定語從句所表達(dá)意思相對完整，用關(guān)系副詞。eg:.This is the factory _ made cars . (缺少主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞that 或which，作主語不能省略) .This is the reason _ he was late for school.(定語從句he was late for school 表達(dá)意思相對完整，所以用關(guān)系副詞why 或介詞+關(guān)系代詞for which)注意

6、：當(dāng)先行詞為case、position、point、situation、society、activity等抽象意義的名詞時(shí)，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句.eg:He got himself into a dangerous situation where he may lose control of the plane .考點(diǎn)二. 定從中that 與which的區(qū)別1. 關(guān)系代詞只用that的情況。（1）當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞（all、much、little、few、some、any、none、one、something、anything、everything等）或先行詞被不定形容詞（all

7、、many、some、few、little等）修飾時(shí)。eg:Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？ （2）當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。eg:Do you know the things and persons that you are talking about.（3）當(dāng)先行詞含有序數(shù)詞或最高級時(shí)。eg: This bus is the first that will go to Beijing. This is the best movie that I have ever seen.（4）當(dāng)先行詞被only、very、ne

8、xt、last等修飾時(shí)。eg:This is the very book that Im looking for.（5）在who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中。eg:Which is the bike that you lost?（6）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)。eg:Zhengzhou is no longer the city that it used to be.2.關(guān)系代詞只用which的情況。（1）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。eg:He turned to be a very successful man,which was more than we expected.（2）在“介詞

9、+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞只用which。 eg:This is the question about which they have so much discussion in the past few weeks.（3）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后有插入成分時(shí)。eg: Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset.3.指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用who(m)的情況。（1）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。eg:She has a daughter,who is a d

10、octor in the famous hospital.（2）當(dāng)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞(賓格形式)”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)。eg: The gentleman about whom you told me proved to be a thief.（3）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后有插入成分時(shí)。eg:This is my friend who,I think,is the best in our class.（4）在There be句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時(shí)。eg:There is a young lady who asks for you.考點(diǎn)三：as的用法及as與which的區(qū)別1. as引導(dǎo)的定語從句（1）as常

11、用于固定搭配中：the same. . . as，suchas，as/soaseg:.Zhengzhou is such a wonderful city as everyone likes to visit.比較：Zhengzhou is such a wonderful city that everyone likes to visit it.注意：第一句是定語從句，所以定從中沒有出現(xiàn)與先行詞city 意義上一致的詞，第二句是狀語從句，that 后應(yīng)為完整句子，所以it 不能省略。 .Today I bought the same bike as Tom did last week .(同

12、樣的但不是同一輛)比較：Today he wears the same coat that he did yesterday .（同一件衣服）（2） as常用于固定句型中：as we all / everyboby know(s), ,as is often the case,as we expect等。 eg:As we all know,Zhengzhou is an attractive city.2.在非限制性定語從句中，as與which的區(qū)別指代整句話內(nèi)容時(shí)，as可位于主句前面、中間或后面；而which一般位于主句后。另外，which還可指代一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)短語。eg: As we a

13、ll know,Tom is a good boy. ：China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.：She doesn't think she is wrong,which makes her teacher angry.（which指代上文整個(gè)句子） .as在句中有正如之意，而which沒有， eg: He succeeded this time,as had been expected. She has made great progress,which makes her parents

14、very happy. As we all know,knowledge changes life. 考點(diǎn)四. 定從中所屬關(guān)系的表達(dá)whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)必須和名詞放在一起。whose+n(s)=the+n(s)+of which/whom=of +which/whom+the+n(s)eg:The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired.= The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired.= The house of which the roof was

15、 damaged has now been repaired.考點(diǎn)五定從中動(dòng)詞形式與先行詞的一致 eg: He is one of the students who fail the exam. He is the only one of the students who fails the exam. Those who are fond of studying do well in exams.考點(diǎn)六. the way作先行詞引導(dǎo)定從時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可用in which/that/省略。eg:I dont like the way that/in which/省略he spoke to me.

16、考點(diǎn)七. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞表示人,只能用whom ；關(guān)系代詞表示物,只能用which 。 *怎樣選擇正確的介詞1.根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定。如： This is the pen on which I spent 10 yuan. (spend money on sth.為固定搭配) This is the pen for which I paid 10 yuan. (pay money for sth.為固定搭配) 2.根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣來決定。如： I remember the day on which I graduated from high scho

17、ol. (強(qiáng)調(diào)在具體某一天要用介詞on) I remember the days during which I lived in Russia. （強(qiáng)調(diào)在某幾天時(shí)間內(nèi)要用介詞during） I remember the month in which I got along with Tom（在month前介詞要用in）3. 根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。 Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?(write .for the article)4. 根據(jù)從句中形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配。 The secretary with w

18、hom the boss is not happy will be fired for her carelessness . ( be happy with "對表示滿意")老板對其不滿意的那個(gè)秘書將由于她粗心而被解雇。He is a learned man with whom we are familiar .( be familiar with 對.熟悉)他是一位我們熟悉的有學(xué)識(shí)的人。5. 有些“動(dòng)詞+介詞”的固定詞組不可拆開用常見的動(dòng)詞詞組有：look for,look after, care for,send for,hear of，hear from, deal

19、with,get through,pay attention to等。Eg .This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for.這是我正在找的手表。 This is the watch for which I am looking.（錯(cuò)誤） 6. “不定代詞both,some,any,many,(a)few,none，neither等 +of whom 或of which，表示整體與部分的關(guān)系或所屬關(guān)系eg: I have many apples,some of which are bad.（很多蘋果中有一些是紅色）比較：I have many apples and some of them are bad . He has three children, none of whom is kind to him.比較：He has three children but none of them is kind to him .7.“介詞+which+to