高考英語短文改錯(cuò)破題技巧(學(xué)生用)(共8頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高考英語短文改錯(cuò)破題技巧(1) 短文改錯(cuò)題中的常見錯(cuò)誤類型1.動(dòng)詞：（1）主要考察能力：時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤、主謂是否一致（第三人稱單數(shù)）、動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式、固定搭配錯(cuò)誤等。在改錯(cuò)題中，動(dòng)詞方面的考查比例較大。（2）出題形式：時(shí)態(tài)混用ie, Then the trouble started. We can not open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.主謂不一致ie, There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.固定搭配ie, I have give

2、n up somke. The dog doesnt like the smell.練習(xí)：1. The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon . 2. I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person. 3. How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill. 4. Ill send my friend Charlie meet you at the air

3、port. 2. 時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)方面的錯(cuò)誤 這類錯(cuò)誤主要為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)與過去時(shí)態(tài)、主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的誤用。做題時(shí)，應(yīng)注意把握文中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)規(guī)律，注意把握諸個(gè)并列動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的呼應(yīng)規(guī)律。例如: 1. We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before. 2. Today，I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college. 3. We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “Were ha

4、ving dinner .” 4. sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on. 5. Ill send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived. 3.主謂一致方面的錯(cuò)誤 這類錯(cuò)誤主要指主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞形式的錯(cuò)誤。因此做題時(shí)，要注意謂語動(dòng)詞的形式要和句子主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如: 1. “I just want to know what the sign say.” 2. Anyone can borrow books if he or

5、she wish. 3. Here are the information about Manchester University. 4. What may surprise you are that Im going to . 4.名詞：（1）主要考察能力：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式的誤用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的錯(cuò)誤，名詞所有格中“s”的誤置等。（2）出題形式：單復(fù)數(shù)混用ie, Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.講解：“年齡多大了”應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)形式，應(yīng)此應(yīng)該把year改為years。注意：代詞單復(fù)數(shù)混用類似。As for a friendship,

6、 we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us.講解：顯然因該把them改為it，指代前面提及的friendship。練習(xí)：1. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. 2. In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful. 3. . youve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the l

7、ocal ways of life. 4. . but she marked strictly on students actual performance . 5. We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. 6. There are branch library in many villages. 7. I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. 8. They were eager to know everythi

8、ng about China and asked me lots of question. 5.形容詞/副詞（1）主要考察能力：誤用形容詞修飾形容詞，誤用副詞修飾名詞，誤用形容詞修飾動(dòng)詞，誤用形容詞或副詞的原級、比較級和最高級以及誤用帶-ly的副詞與不帶-ly的副詞等，特別注意根據(jù)上下文該用比較級而未用的“暗中比較”。（2）出題形式：形容詞與副詞混用。即該用形容詞的地方原文用了副詞，該用副詞的地方原文用了形容詞。副詞代替正確形容詞出現(xiàn)在文章當(dāng)中ie, During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.形容詞代替正確副詞出

9、現(xiàn)在文章當(dāng)中ie, As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on-get going!”練習(xí)：1. They came back lately and had some tea. 2. you always gave me specially attention . 3. . they fly down immediate and catch them without delay. 4. Yes，it is clea

10、rly that your life in your country is quite different from . 5. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights. 6. Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school. 7. After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. 8. Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the talle

11、r building in New York. 9. As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. 6.介詞（1）主要考察能力：這類錯(cuò)誤多指漏掉介詞、多用介詞或介詞與其他詞語搭配的錯(cuò)誤等，（特別是與動(dòng)詞的）固定搭配。（2）出題形式：介詞省略ie, Im surt you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.介詞多余ie,My wife is also happ

12、y because of I have given up smoking.介詞用錯(cuò)(一般為固定搭配)ie, I pick out her false hair and said, “Dont be sad, Miss.”練習(xí)：1. The crowd waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised . 2. He was looking for a glass the cupboard. 3. After autumn arrives，the city looks as an old man with leaves . 4. .

13、he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes . 5. On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street. 6. Could you share your experience for us? 7. My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care. 8. Bill insisted in staying near the car. 9. When the

14、y came down the police were angry to them. 10. Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. 練習(xí)： 動(dòng)詞1. He lied down by the side of the path to rest. 2. Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. 3. Books may be keep for four weeks. 4. and

15、let you know when the book you want has returned. 5. Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. 6. They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. 7. Id like to your pen-friend， and get to know more about your country. 8. What your favourite sport？ 9. I use to play ping-pon

16、g a lot in my spare time， but now I am interested in football. 10. I was used to watch it every night. 11.There will an important game next month. 12. Because of so much viewing， children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. 13. I followed her advice and shoul

17、d put down 100 words or so each day. 14. As we were all left home  at an early age. 15. I often dream of a teacher. 主謂一致1. Bill was standing at the side of the car，talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. 2. Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us

18、 a sense of fair play and team spirit. 3. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. 4. But then there is always more mysteries to look into. 5. But not all information are good to society. 6. So then， a concert cost so much. I may just listen to music. 7. If I listen to my own records，

19、 there are no need to spend money. 8 you  will probably want to join the Stamp Collectors Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection. 9. One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was out. 時(shí)態(tài)1. We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop 2. and

20、 had returned to the car！ Bill is standing at the side of the car 3. Two months ago they were back in America. Last Sunday，police cars hurry to the4. Today，it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. 5. Also，scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases. 6 . Anyone ma

21、y borrow books， and it cost nothing to borrow them. 7 If the book you will want is out， you may ask for it to be called back for you. 8 I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away and it is really great to see most of my old friends again. 9They offered me coffee and other drinks.

22、 We have a good time talking and laughing together. 10I learn about you from my English teacher，Miss Fang. 11My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. 12. I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing and there was no way of settling the m

23、atter except by selling the set. 13Id like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. It is a very 14I remembered her words and calm down. 15They did not want me to do   any work at home； they want me to devote all my time to 16He said he is busy. 17On the way up I was b

24、usy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 18 But his parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college was the only place for a smart boy like his son. 19 At once I apologize   and controlled myseff at my best till the d

25、inner started.20 Sometimes， we talked to each other very well in class， but after class we become stranger at once. 21 She stopped to look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbors house. 22 We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. 23

26、 I am always young when I was staying with them. 24. David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. 25. rather than go into the forest and getting lost. 26. Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. 27. you pay the

27、 cost of send a postcard, the librarian will write to you. 高考英語短文改錯(cuò)破題技巧(2) 7.連詞（1）主要考察能力：前后兩句話之間的銜接關(guān)系，要判斷連詞用的是否正確，是否符合句子意思；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and, or, but, not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as等，though不與but連用，because不與so連用等。（2）?？既N關(guān)系：but轉(zhuǎn)折

28、 and并列 because/so因果 ie, One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy. ie,Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but improve their English if they are talking with native speakers.練習(xí)：1. It started to rise

29、higher again. So it was still too close to the water. 2. I became very active but made new friends. d 3. My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite. 4. While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down immediately. 5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again.

30、 6We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. 7. I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had. 8. It is a very important exam but I cant afford to fail it. 9. It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. 10. Im the captain of our school team so

31、 with my fellow players weve won several games. 8. 冠詞（1）主要考察能力：這類錯(cuò)誤多指a(n)與the的誤用，a與an的誤用。有時(shí)也表現(xiàn)為:單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面該用冠詞的地方缺少冠詞，不該用冠詞的地方多了冠詞。（2）出題形式：冠詞多余ie, I sat in the front of the TV at 7 oclock, when the game just began. 冠詞遺漏As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. 練習(xí)：1.

32、An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784. 2. the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with . 3. And if he breaks the law of society ., he may go to the prison. 4. so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the a

33、rea and have a fun. 5. After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. 6. I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. 7. Good health is persons most valuable possession. 8. Maybe you could come during a winter holidays. 9. Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. 9.代

34、詞（1）主要考察能力：代詞是否多余，以及與反身代詞之間的混用。這類錯(cuò)誤主要包括形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的誤用，關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞的誤用，代詞主格與代詞賓格的誤用，代詞單數(shù)與代詞復(fù)數(shù)的誤用，各個(gè)不定代詞之間的誤用，反身代詞與代詞賓格之間的誤用，代詞的指代錯(cuò)誤等。（2）出題形式：代詞多余ie, Dont lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, Im sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness.代詞混用ie, We were living in

35、 a big family. We treated each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out. 代詞遺漏A teacher could make classes lively and interesting. 練習(xí)：1. . the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves. 2. a lot of white birds come to my cit

36、y for food. I can wait patiently above the sea for quite a long . 3. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child，they will go hungry. 4. That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted. 5. I just smiled to me and thought . 6. your

37、 life in your country is quite different from me. 7. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting. 8. David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. 9. When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head. 10. We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have be

38、en to Europe many times. 11. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. 10.從句（1）主要考察能力：?？紅hat與what或which/how與what之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。（2）出題形式：ie, She never has enough time for that she wants to do. ie, We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area.練習(xí)：1. In the last five y

39、ears that theyve climbed churches, high buildings and television towers. 2. Charles said, “As soon I see a really tall building, I want to climb it. 3. Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. 4.However, there are still some countries there people have s

40、horter lives. 5. in other places where you are limited to a certain number, of which some may be novels. 11. 短語、句型固定搭配錯(cuò)誤 主要考查介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞、動(dòng)詞的固定搭配；及物動(dòng)詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動(dòng)詞后少介詞，英語中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。 1. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. . 2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. 3.

41、I thought that was dull to watch a game 12、缺詞考點(diǎn)與多詞錯(cuò)誤的情形相似，漏詞也主要涉及英語中一些“小”詞，如冠詞、介詞、不定式符號、人稱代詞、動(dòng)詞 be等。具體說來，漏詞錯(cuò)誤可能涉及的問題有：不及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語時(shí)漏加必要的介詞，在該帶不定式符號to的地方漏加 to，在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指意義時(shí)漏加必要的限定詞(尤其是漏加不定冠詞)，漏掉表特指的定冠詞，漏掉被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的助動(dòng)詞 be，漏加系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的連系動(dòng)詞 be，漏加一些常用結(jié)構(gòu)或表達(dá)中的介詞(如漏掉 a lot of 中的 of，漏掉 because of 中的 of，漏掉 instead of 中

42、的 of等)，漏掉某些從句的“引導(dǎo)詞”(通常會導(dǎo)致意義不通)，等等。練習(xí)： (1) When I have free time I go a long walk. (2) Charles said, “As soon I see a realy tall building, I want to climb it. (3) The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. (4) In some places you may borrow man

43、y books as you want. (5) I had always wanted return to the village after moving away. 13. 多詞考點(diǎn)多詞錯(cuò)誤主要涉及英語中一些“小”詞，如冠詞、介詞、不定式符號、人稱代詞、動(dòng)詞 be、比較級more等。具體說來，多詞錯(cuò)誤可能涉及的問題有：及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語時(shí)誤加介詞，在該用動(dòng)詞原形的地方誤加不定式符號to，在物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞等表示泛指時(shí)誤加定冠詞，在一些可直接用作狀語的短語前誤加介詞in, on, for 等，誤加一些導(dǎo)致語義重復(fù)的小詞(如two 與both連用，all 與whole 連用等)，在

44、本身已是比較級的詞前誤加more，在不是從句的地方誤加從句“引導(dǎo)詞”，在一些習(xí)慣用語和固定表達(dá)中誤加不該用的“小詞”(如冠詞、介詞、副詞等)，等等。練習(xí)：(1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. (2) Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. (3) In the last five years that theyve climbed churches, high bu

45、ildings and television towers. (4) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital when they are ill. 英語短文改錯(cuò)練習(xí)(一)I often dream of a teacher, I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls . I teach them, play with them, but

46、watch them  growing up. I am always young when I was staying with them. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. You have to learn in order to teach. Without enough knowledge,  you can never learn well .What is more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.

47、 Only in this way can you be good teacher and win respect from them. Though I am a student now, I will work as very hard to make my dream come true.      （二）It is a pleasure for you to write this letter to tell how much I enjoyed my stay in your whole family last week. This was my first visit to a English family. At first, I was worried about my poor English. And when I saw your wife and children waiting for me with warm smile of welcome on their faces. I immediately knew that everything would be a